Emotional Images Research Articles

Recovering Individual Emotional States from Sparse Ratings Using Collaborative Filtering

A fundamental challenge in emotion research is measuring feeling states with high granularity and temporal precision without disrupting the emotion generation process. Here we introduce and validate a new approach in which responses are sparsely sampled and the missing data are recovered using a computational technique known as collaborative filtering (CF). This approach leverages structured covariation across individual experiences and is available in Neighbors, an open-source Python toolbox. We validate our approach across three different experimental contexts by recovering dense individual ratings using only a small subset of the original data. In dataset 1, participants (n=316) separately rated 112 emotional images on 6 different discrete emotions. In dataset 2, participants (n=203) watched 8 short emotionally engaging autobiographical stories while simultaneously providing moment-by-moment ratings of the intensity of their affective experience. In dataset 3, participants (n=60) with distinct social preferences made 76 decisions about how much money to return in a hidden multiplier trust game. Across all experimental contexts, CF was able to accurately recover missing data and importantly outperformed mean and multivariate imputation, particularly in contexts with greater individual variability. This approach will enable new avenues for affective science research by allowing researchers to acquire high dimensional ratings from emotional experiences with minimal disruption to the emotion-generation process.

Perception of Emotion and Postural Stability Control at Different Distances.

The effect of emotion on postural control has been widely demonstrated in the literature. Postural control also depends on the distance that separates the subject from the observed stimulus. This work examines (i) the effect of distance on the perception of emotional stimuli and (ii) its effect on postural control. Sixty-eight women were asked to maintain orthostatic equilibrium under three emotional conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) at four distances (0.5 m, 2.1 m, 6 m, and 10 m). The findings showed that the perception of emotions was not influenced by distance but was influenced by valence and intensity, and that postural control was not influenced by emotional valence but by distance, with reduced oscillation amplitudes at 0.5 m distance. The perception of the image (valence and intensity) depended on the content, but not on the distance, and the presentation of emotional images tended to activate the defensive system, regardless of the emotional content. The center of pressure sway amplitude increased with an eye-object distance of up to 6 m (role of vision). The perception of the emotional effect was not linked to the distance effect on the postural control of women in static positions.

공공정보디자인은 도시재생 관광지에 어떤 영향을 주는가?

This study attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between public information design characteristics, tourist image, and the behavioral intentions of tourists in order to comprehend how visitors of urban regeneration destination perceive the characteristics of public information design. To design the research model and define key concepts, a literature review was performed. Public information design, a key variable of the investigation, consists of four dimensions: 'aesthetics,' 'publicity,' 'locality,' and 'information'. A survey of tourists visiting urban regeneration destination in Busan was conducted. It was determined that a total of 216 valid questionnaires were collected and utilized for the final analysis. As a result, it was determined that the characteristics of public information design of urban regeneration destination had a statistically significant effect on the image of tourism destinations and behavioral intention, with 'publicity' having the greatest influence on emotional image and 'aesthetics' having the greatest influence on cognitive image. The findings of this study demonstrated the influence of public information design on tourist behavior and suggested strategies for constructing a positive image of urban regeneration destination.

안동향토음식점의 지역이미지가 긍정적 구전, 부정적 구전, 재방문의도에 미치는 영향

This study conducted a study targeting consumers who used Jongga restaurants. For the data collection of this study, a questionnaire was conducted targeting consumers who had experience in Andong Jongga restaurants such as Yemijeong Andong and Ihwa Restaurant of the Pungsan Ryu clan. The survey period was conducted from June 20 to July 19, 2022. 460 parts were analyzed. the results are as follow. the results are as follow. It was found that the cognitive image of local food regional image had a significant effect on positive word of mouth, but did not affect negative word of mouth. It was found that the emotional image factor of the local image of local food had a significant effect on positive word of mouth, but the emotional image factor did not affect the negative word of mouth. Also, it was found that positive word of mouth factors had a significant effect on revisit intention, but negative word of mouth factors did not.

A ResNet deep learning based facial recognition design for future multimedia applications

CNN deep-learning models are the most trusted computational approaches in industrial, medical, and intelligent applications. In this research work, a deep micro-facial emotion has been recognised to employ CNN approach. Multi-class feature extraction has been initiated by the 2D-ResNet convolutional neural network. In order to detect the maskable images of facial emotions, a 2D-ResNet CNN multi-class classifier has been proposed. This novel model has reduced overfitting and controversial problems, which are verified on the Python 3.7.0 software tool. The public dataset JAFFE (open source) has been used to train the 2D-ResNet deep learning model. The flask, mysql, fastai, and jsonify python packages are compatible and feasible with the 2D-ResNet Deep Learning architecture. The proposed method practices better performance metrics in terms of accuracy of 99.3%, recall of 99.12%, F1 score of 0.98% and sensitivity of 99.16%, which are figured out from the confusion matrix, where only 5 failures have been observed when tested with 1 lakh images.

“IMAGE OF VOTERS” IN THE PRE-ELECTION CAMPAIGNS OF PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES IN GEORGIA: SOCIETY, PEOPLE, NATION

The paper aims at representing the peculiarities of construction the voters’ image in the pre-election campaigns of the three presidential candidates – Z. Gamsakhurdia, E. Shevardnadze and M. Saakashvili. The voters in their speeches were represented as society, people, citizens, as well as Georgian people or nation. In order to succeed in elections, politicians try (and have) to persuade the electorate in the relevance of their mapped policies, problems and that they offer the best ever solution – for the citizens, people and nation. In order to achieve the set aim, the presidential candidates in Georgia referred to logical reasons, also to well-known symbols, emotive images, various rhetoric strategies - which corresponded to the discourse of respective periods, where the main focus was made on national liberation movement, civil unity, implementing of reforms and etc. Thus, the target of the pre-election texts of the candidates was people (citizens, nation) and the outcomes of the elections were the expression of people’s (citizens, nation) will and desire. Accordingly, the “voters’ image” was constructed under the influence of actual challenges and desires. The deliverables of the researched empiric resources allow us to conclude that the emphasis on justification of the necessity of voters’ participation in the electoral processes is one of the fundamental elements of Georgian political discourse, as the aforesaid device recurrently appeared in all the three presidential candidates’ pre-election speeches. On the other hand, the candidates themselves formulated – who was a voter (as a group, with the respective peculiarities, qualities and needs – best seen by the presidential candidates). Through achieving a unity with the people by means of representing themselves as community leaders, the candidates legitimized their actions justifying them as “authorized by the people”. Therefore, the ballot results expressed the community’s will and desire. The Georgian people and nation were especially visible in Z. Gamsakhurdia’s speeches. He considered Georgian people to be the main decision-making group and focused on other ethnic groups through mutual relationships. E. Shevardnadze’s pre-election texts were devoid of ethnic content. He mentioned Georgian people in relation to culture, state symbols, conflicts, foreign policy only. M. Saakashvili “returned” to talking about Georgian people, yet in his speeches he sometimes referred to the society in Georgia and sometimes expressed ethnic content. Thus, the voter represented “an unchanged group” during the period of its author/creator political leader. A new “image of voters” were created during the next the pre-election campaign by a new political leader. The scientific novelty of the article is the analytical approach to the pre-election political texts (speeches, appeals, statements) of the presidential candidates in Georgia, aiming at researching the construction of Georgian “voter’s image” and reflecting the transformation of particular attitudes and the respective representation of voters in Georgian reality. In practical terms, the paper will be interesting and useful for those scientific circles, students and other people dealing with the issues of political discourse and its formation, as well as for the researchers of public speeches.

소셜미디어 빅데이터 분석을 활용한 복고미래주의 패션 이미지 분석

In this study, 9,661 words were extracted by collecting 13,266 social media posts related to 'retro futurism fashion' over the past 3 years. Among the extracted vocabulary, 66 vocabulary representing the highest exposure frequency were selected as core major vocabulary, and image vocabulary with high connection centrality was found through binary mode analysis by design element, and finally 26 image vocabulary representing retro futurism fashion image was selected. Finally, by clustering the derived retro futurism fashion image vocabulary, virtuality(sensuous, modern, unique, luxurious, attractive, fanciful, conceptual, cosmic, virtual, wild), coexistence(retro, co-existent, futuristic, timely, temporal, symbolic, emphasizing, creatively), artistry(artistic, shiny, spatial, stimulating), individuality(millennial, individual, colorful, lively). This research method is expected to provide basic data for user-centered fashion image analysis research in the future by presenting a research methodology in which qualitative recognition of emotional images is implemented through quantitative evaluation.

Physiological reactions at encoding selectively predict recognition of emotional images

The study aimed to investigate the link between physiological responses at encoding and subsequent memory of emotional stimuli, differing in two dimensions: valence and arousal. The participants (all male) freely viewed emotional images, while their pupil size and heart rate were recorded. Then, they were presented with a recognition task. Both pupil constriction and heart rate deceleration evoked by an image onset at the encoding predicted its later correct recognition. However, these effects interacted with valence and arousal. Increased pupillary constriction predicted correct recognition particularly well for low-arousing and negatively valenced images. Deeper heart rate deceleration was related to higher rate of correct recognition mainly in the case of negative images. The results show also an interaction between valence and arousal in their effect on memory. Higher arousal was linked to better recognition, but only when images were of neutral or positive valence. In contrast, negative images were remembered accurately, regardless of the level of arousal. This pattern of results supports the primacy of negative information in early memory consolidation. Overall, we demonstrate that physiological reactions at encoding - which can be linked to the depth of stimulus processing during memory formation - predict recognition accuracy. The emotional load of stimuli further modulates the prediction strength.

Spatial distribution of emotional attentional blink under top-down attentional control.

Emotion-induced blindness (EIB) refers to the impaired perception of a neutral target that follows an emotional distractor within the time gap of 100-500ms. Recent studies on EIB show that EIB is spatially localized. Blink occurs when both target and emotional distractor appear in the same stream but not the opposite. However, the influence of top-down attentional control over the dual-stream EIB remains poorly understood. Examining the role of top-down control in EIB will help understand the impact of attentional control over the spatial distribution of EIB and in understanding the Attentional Blink (AB) and EIB distinction. Hence, in the present study, we used dual-stream and manipulated the attentional control by changing the relevance of the emotional image and asking participants to report both emotional and neutral targets. Our results show a similar level of blink irrespective of the spatial location of the emotional T1, suggesting the role of attentional control on the spatial distribution of EIB and in the AB-EIB distinction. Results have implications for the theoretical understanding of EIB.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOURIST DESTINATION CITY IMAGE PERCEPTION AND TOURIST SATISFACTION (THE CASE OF LANGZHONG, CHINA)

This study firstly collects relevant data and materials through questionnaire survey, studies the influence of tourists' cognitive image and emotional image on travel satisfaction, from cognition to emotion to behavioral intention, and constructs a more reasonable "cognition-emotion-satisfaction" evaluation model.Through empirical tests, the following conclusions are drawn: there is a positive correlation between cognitive image and tourist satisfaction;There is a positive correlation between positive emotional image and tourist satisfaction.There is a negative correlation between negative emotional image and tourist satisfaction.

The effect of social media on the development of students' affective variables.

The use of social media is incomparably on the rise among students, influenced by the globalized forms of communication and the post-pandemic rush to use multiple social media platforms for education in different fields of study. Though social media has created tremendous chances for sharing ideas and emotions, the kind of social support it provides might fail to meet students’ emotional needs, or the alleged positive effects might be short-lasting. In recent years, several studies have been conducted to explore the potential effects of social media on students’ affective traits, such as stress, anxiety, depression, and so on. The present paper reviews the findings of the exemplary published works of research to shed light on the positive and negative potential effects of the massive use of social media on students’ emotional well-being. This review can be insightful for teachers who tend to take the potential psychological effects of social media for granted. They may want to know more about the actual effects of the over-reliance on and the excessive (and actually obsessive) use of social media on students’ developing certain images of self and certain emotions which are not necessarily positive. There will be implications for pre- and in-service teacher training and professional development programs and all those involved in student affairs.

Selling the Economic Miracle: Economic Reconstruction and Politics in West Germany, 1949–1957

Selling the Economic Miracle: Economic Reconstruction and Politics in West Germany, 1949–1957

틱톡(TikTok)의 관광정보 품질이 서울의 관광지 이미지 및 방문 의도에 미치는 영향: 잠재 중국인 관광객을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of TikTok''s tourism information quality on the image of Seoul tourist attractions and intention to visit, establish research hypotheses based on the research model, and verify the hypotheses through empirical analysis. The findings, first, the vividness and usefulness of TikTok''s tourism information quality features have a significant effect on the image (cognitive image and emotional image) of Seoul''s tourist attractions. Second, cognitive image and affective image have a significant effect on visit intention. Third, affective and cognitive image mediated the relationships between vividness and intention to visit, and usefulness and intention to visit. The results of this study provide some valuable insights into the use of TikTok for tourism marketing.

The Intervention of Music Education on Students’ Mental Health Based on Fuzzy Computing

Music is an important way for people to express and communicate their thoughts and feelings. It not only has the functions of cultivating sentiment, developing intelligence, and promoting personality development but also has an energetic function on the spiritual fitness of pupils. As an important part of quality education in schools, music education has become a pioneer in the implementation of psychological intervention for students. Music education can cultivate sentiment and lively and optimistic mood by emotional images conveyed through various music and has a special role that cannot be replaced by other disciplines. However, the current music education in schools only focuses on the dissemination of music knowledge and there is no research on which type of music can effectively interfere with students’ mental health. In order to be able to choose music that is effective for students’ mental health intervention in music education, this paper will study the intervention research of music education on students’ mental health based on fuzzy computing. This paper extracts the musical features such as average pitch, average pitch intensity, melody direction, pitch stability value, rhythm intensity, and beat, uses fuzzy computing to classify music, determines which types of music can improve students’ mental health, and uses experiments to verify the validity of this research. The consequences of the research show that choosing effective music to intervene in students’ mental health can greatly improve students’ mental health problems. The scores of students’ psychological status after the intervention are 0.73 times of those before the intervention. It demonstrates the validity of the study.

An ISM-BN-GA based methodology for product emotional design

Most current studies of product emotional design (PED) focus on the association of emotion image with a single design feature. However, these studies have ignored the fact that all product features have a combined effect on emotion image, and have also ignored the relationship between the whole and the part. In view of this, starting from the systematicness of design, PED is translated to the solution of the PED system. Moreover, an ISM-BN-GA-based methodology for PED is proposed. First, the sense perception–perceptual cognition–perceptual synthesis–emotional decision (PCSD) cognitive model is developed based on the process of user emotion transmission, based on which a pedigree of the elements in the PED system is constructed. Second, a multilevel hierarchical directed network of the elements in the PED system is established using the interpretation structure model (ISM) system engineering tool, and the network topology is extracted as the network structure of a Bayesian network (BN). Then, the BN is trained via parameter learning, and the evaluation model of the PED system based on the ISM-BN is constructed. Third, with the ISM-BN evaluation model as the objective function, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for the optimal design scheme. Taking the design of a handheld camera as an example, the validity of the proposed method is verified, which proves its feasibility and practicability in the field of PED.

Better safe than sorry: a study on older adults' credibility judgments and spreading of health misinformation.

The online world is flooded with misinformation that puts older adults at risk, especially the misinformation about health and wellness. To understand older adults’ vulnerability to online misinformation, this study examines how eye-catching headlines and emotional images impact their credibility judgments and spreading of health misinformation. Fifty-nine older adults aged between 58 and 83 years participated in this experiment. Firstly, participants intuitively chose an article for further reading among a bunch of headlines. Then they viewed the emotional images. Finally, they judged the credibility of health articles and decided whether to share these articles. On average, participants only successfully judged 41.38% of health articles. Attractive headlines not only attracted participants’ clicks at first glance but also increased their credibility judgments on the content of health misinformation. Although participants were more willing to share an article they believed than not, 62.5% of the articles they want to share were falsehoods. Older adults in this study were notified of possible falsehoods in advance and were given enough time to discern misinformation before sharing. However, these efforts neither lead to a high judgment accuracy nor a high quality of information that they wanted to share. That may be on account of eye-catching headlines which misled participants into believing health misinformation. Besides, the most older adults in this study may follow the “better safe than sorry” principle when confronted with health misinformation, that is to say they would rather trust the misinformation to avoid health risks than doubt it.

Neural reactivity to affective stimuli and internalizing symptom dimensions in a transdiagnostic patient sample.

Internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) are highly comorbid and exhibit substantial overlap, such as aberrant affective reactivity. Neural reactivity to emotional images, measured via the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component, has been utilized to index affective reactivity in IPs. The LPP is often examined in isolation with a specific disorder, ignoring overlap between IPs. The current study examined how transdiagnostic IP symptom dimensions relate to neural affective reactivity in a highly comorbid patient sample. Participants (N = 99) completed a battery of IP symptom assessments as well as a target categorization task while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images during electroencephalography recording. ERPs to each image valence were averaged from 400 to 1000 ms following picture onset at pooled centroparietal and occipital electrodes to calculate the LPP. A principal components analysis performed on the IP symptom measures resulted in two factors: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. Fear-based anxiety was associated with enhanced LPP reactivity to unpleasant, but not pleasant, images. Distress/misery was related to attenuated average LPP reactivity across images. Results revealed a dissociable effect of IP symptom factors in a transdiagnostic sample such that enhanced reactivity to negative images was specific to enhanced fear-based anxiety symptoms while distress/misery symptoms predicted blunted affective reactivity. Neural affective reactivity may serve as an objective biological marker to elucidate the nature of psychological concerns in individuals with comorbid IPs.

Risk-taking Behavior Under the Effect of Emotional Stimuli Among Children and Adults.

Risk-taking has an important role in human life, either positive or negative. Finding a method to control or drive this in a particular way can affect the health of individuals and communities by discouraging negative risks, such as reckless driving, or encouraging positive risks. It has been shown that emotion induction can enhance risk-taking behavior. Nonetheless, studies are mainly conducted on adults and a gap to focus on adolescents group as the peak age of risk-taking is required. Therefore, a new risk-taking task is introduced and development of risk-taking behavior in children is compared with a group male adults. In addition, influence of positive and negative emotional images on the risk-taking behavior is also evaluated. A total of 21 children and 20 adults participated in this experiment. Their risk taking behavior is obtained using a new version of the dice game task with emotional stimuli. Subsequently, performances of two groups before and after emotional priming are statistically compared. The results showed that children have a higher tendency to choose riskier options when they are affected by positive emotion, while adults are more risk-averse after being primed by negative emotion. These findings can be helpful for policymakers and tutoring planners to control risk-taking behavior at different ages using the priming effect of positive and negative emotions. Children perform riskier than adults in our new version of the game of dice task.Children are affected by choosing riskier options by positive priming.Adults are affected by choosing less risky options by negative priming.Results were proved by dual-process theory. Every second of our life is consistent with decision-making. When you decide you face conditions that you do not know the result when you choose them. Choosing these options is associated with risks. Choosing these options can have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it will be very useful for communities, if they can find a way to control it. In this study, we aimed to test whether it is possible to control risk-taking by viewing emotional pictures before decision-making or not. Hence, we design gambling-like experiments and test adults and children using this experiment. These two age groups were used to test the existence of any difference or similarity between their behaviors. We used three main emotions to check their effect on people's choices. We wanted to check what happens to people's decisions if they are faced with positive, negative, or neutral images before their choice. Results showed that children were riskier than adults and affected more when facing positive images and selecting riskier options. On the other hand, adults are more affected by negative images and chose safer options after seeing the pictures in this emotion.

구연식 시에 나타난 감각이미지

Gu Yeon-sik’s second collection of poems, Senses , creates unique and diverse images by combining lyrical and emotional images with surreal techniques. In particular, this collection of poems is an important resource in that it shows the process of transformation from Korean surrealist poetry to lyrical poetry in various ways since the 1970s. Nevertheless, until now, it has received little attention from academia due to the limitations of regional literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine an aspect of Korean modern poetry since the 1970s through the poetic world of Gu Yeon-sik’s. The characteristic of this collection of poems is sensibility images, which are clearly expressed through the visual images of typography, surreal transformation, and the extensibility and transcendence of images. First of all, typography, a visually unique form of expression, is a form of ‘dada’, which visually arranges the structure of a poem or uses language as a sign, such as pun, to create meaning and content sensibly. And the languages of sensibility images are being transformed into abstract images by making the poetic flow difficult or deconstructing the symbols or meanings inherent in language through methods such as objects, dépaysement, and automatic description methods. In other words, in the process of concrete situations or objects being shaped into poetry, abstract images are created by combining with surreal methodologies, which ‘create’ and ‘deconstruct’ another image or meaning at the same time. In other words, the attitude to become infinitely free from the fixed meaning of the idea of objects or characters is creating an abstract image. Lastly, in the ‘Top (17)’ series, the lyrical and symbolic image of the tower is embodied by a surreal technique, thereby creating expanded and transcendent images. In other words, the lyrical images of waiting and longing, which are the symbolic meanings of the tower, merge with the surreal technique to create a grotesque and new form of poetry. Therefore, the sensibility image that appeared in Gu Yeon-sik’s poetry was created by adding surreal techniques to lyrical images, and this study could not only confirm the characteristics of Gu Yeon-sik’s poetry, but also examine the unique poetic form of Korean modernist poetry after the 1970s.

Emotions Modulate Affordances-Related Motor Responses: A Priming Experiment.

Traditionally, research on affordances and emotions follows two separate routes. For the first time, this article explicitly links the two phenomena by investigating whether, in a discrimination task (artifact vs. natural object), the motivational states induced by emotional images can modulate affordances-related motor response elicited by dangerous and neutral graspable objects. The results show faster RTs: (i) for both neutral and dangerous objects with neutral images; (ii) for dangerous objects with pleasant images; (iii) for neutral objects with unpleasant images. Overall, these data support a significant effect of emotions on affordances. The article also proposes a brain neural network underlying emotions and affordance interplay.