Alcohol use disorder and emotional processing patterns: Insights from a systematic review.

Mining online peer support communities to understand treatment side effects in Multiple Sclerosis.

Current understanding of how facial and vocal cues can communicate emotional intent is based on patterns observed in adults, with surprisingly little known about age-related differences in nonverbal expression. Do adolescents and adults use different nonverbal cues to express emotions? This cross-sectional laboratory study revealed age-related differences in how early adolescents (ages 10-11; N = 64), mid-adolescents (ages 12-15; N = 54), and emerging adults (ages 18-25; N = 50) use facial movements and vocal cues to intentionally convey emotions. Adolescents showed lessened use of facial movements linked to prototypical expressions of happiness and fear, and less differentiated facial movements to convey distinct emotions. Early adolescents also spoke louder (particularly to express happiness), slower, and with higher harmonicity than mid-adolescents and emerging adults when expressing emotions. Findings suggest that our understanding of facial and vocal cues involved in emotional expression may not generalize to adolescents, and that nonverbal communication patterns may mature into adult-like forms during adolescence. SUMMARY: Findings from this study indicate that adolescents and emerging adults use different patterns of facial movements and vocal cues to purposefully communicate their emotional intent. The ability to convey emotional intent using nonverbal cues may mature into adult-like forms during adolescence.

Smiles, as tools for social exchange, rely on both accurate expression and interpretation of emotions. While psychopathy's affective deficits are known, their effect on smiling remains unclear. This study investigates the link between psychopathic traits and facial activity in posed and spontaneous smiling, by assessing the impact on both the expression and of emotion. Employing computer vision (OpenFace) and subjective ratings, we examined smile characteristics (intensity, duration) and emotional experience (valence, arousal) in a sample of 102 individuals who viewed emotionally neutral (control condition) and affective stimuli (spontaneous condition), and received instructions based on imaginary smile-related scenarios (posed condition). Results showed that higher psychopathic trait scores (particularly traits related to affective deficits) were associated with: (1) spontaneous smiles that were longer and more intense, despite being (2) associated with lower self-reported valence, (3) posed smiles that were shorter and less intense, and (4) overall increased self-reported arousal. These findings suggest a nuanced interplay between subclinical variation in psychopathic traits, smiling behaviour, and emotional experience. These findings offer valuable preliminary insights into the potential mechanisms underpinning social functioning in individuals with psychopathic traits. • Higher affective psychopathic traits linked to shorter, less intense posed smiles. • Higher lifestyle psychopathic traits linked to longer, more intense spontaneous smiles. • Higher affective psychopathic traits predicted lower valence in spontaneous smile ratings.

Brain responses to deepfakes and real videos of emotional facial expressions reveal detection without awareness

Social chatbots and emotion regulation in daily life: Examining parasocial interaction and resilience among Chinese individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms.

Facial expression and body posture provide rich information about other people's emotional states. Visual information about body posture rapidly and automatically influences perception of facial emotion. Even images of isolated hands carry rich information about emotion, but it is unknown whether this local information is automatically integrated with perception of facial emotion. We created composite stimuli in which facial emotional expressions (anger or fear) were superimposed onto bodies expressing either the same or a different emotion. We manipulated whether the full-body context was shown, or only the hands. Participants judged the emotion of the face, ignoring the bodily context. Consistent with previous findings, whole-body context exerted clear influence on the accuracy and speed judgments of facial emotion judgments. Critically, similar effects were found for faces presented in the context of isolated hands. This demonstrates that emotion from hands is automatically integrated with facial emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Theories of emotion development propose that negative affect decreases over time as attention control and emotion regulation improve. Yet, research on infancy suggests that the first year of life can be characterised by a different developmental pattern: increased negative affect as infants age. Implementing an emotion-eliciting task, we measured infants' observed emotion reactivity and regulation, and physiological arousal (heart rate) during the challenge (toy retraction) and recovery (toy play) conditions at age 6months (n=82, 43 boys) and age 12months (n=68, 36 boys) continuously on a second-by-second basis. We first measured mean intensity of reactivity, regulation, and arousal by calculating within-person averages. Then, we measured three temporal dynamics: estimates of variability by calculating variance, lability by calculating root mean square of successive differences, and persistence of changes by calculating autocorrelation. Intensity, variability, and lability in negative reactivity increased from 6 to 12months with no change in persistence, indicating a larger and quicker negative reaction to toy retraction with age. Regulatory strategy use increased from 6 to 12months during challenge,whereas during recovery, it reduced and became more stable. Heart rate decreased from challenge to recovery at 12months but not at 6months. We then examined how the temporal associations between reactivity, regulation and arousal change over time. Cross-correlation analyses revealed stronger temporal associations between reactivity, regulation, and heart rate at 12 months, suggesting increased coherence between behavioural and physiological responses with age. We discuss these developmental changes in emotion dynamics and behaviour-physiology associations in the context of functionalist perspectives on emotion. SUMMARY: This study employs momentary recordings of emotional expressions, regulatory behaviours, and physiological arousal, focusing on two key aspects: within-task context and temporal dynamics. As they grow, infants show stronger negative reactions and greater regulatory efforts during stress but calmer reactions and reduced use of regulation once stressor ends. Temporal associations between emotional behaviours and physiology (heart rate) increased from 6 to 12months, suggesting stronger emotional coherence with age in infancy. Together, these patterns may reflect improved emotional flexibility, with older infants showing more context-appropriate emotion responses.

Psychological burden is a central aspect of living with chronic cardiovascular disorders and profoundly affects how individuals experience and cope with fear, dependency and loss of control. Understanding these experiences is essential for delivering high-quality, holistic and person-centred care. This study explored the experiences of psychological burden among individuals living with chronic cardiovascular disorders in a low- and middle-income context. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study. Nineteen individuals were purposively recruited using maximum variation sampling and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide between May and September 2024. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis software (MAXQDA). The analysis of 19 interviews generated three overarching themes: (a) multifaceted disruption of life from acute onset to enduring dependency; (b) burden of existential fear and struggle for control; and (c) faith-based burden management: prayer, practice and spiritual resilience. Individuals with chronic cardiovascular disorders experience a significant psychological burden, including sudden illness onset, dependency and existential fear, despite available treatment. Faith, family and community support serve as key sources of coping. The integration of psychological care, spiritual support and culturally sensitive interventions alongside biomedical management is essential for improving outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Health care professionals should integrate psychological screening and counselling to address existential fears, social withdrawal and suppressed emotional expression among individuals with chronic cardiovascular disorders. Patients with chronic cardiovascular disorders informed the design of the interview guide, participated in interviews and helped validate the interpretation of findings, ensuring that the study reflected their lived experiences. This study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ).

Ethnoracially incongruent environments predict state increases in negative symptoms of schizophrenia:Evidence from geocoding and digital phenotyping.

Heterogeneous treatment effects of emotional arousal on aggressive driving among ride-hailing drivers under distraction and passenger presence.

Emotion dysregulation is common in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is associated with social impairment-basic regulatory processes in a socio-emotional context in youth with ADHD may account for this relationship. Emotional interference control and emotional conflict adaptation are two such processes. The first process refers to selectively attending to relevant emotional stimuli while ignoring irrelevant emotional information. The second process refers to the ability to take previous experience in a conflicting emotional context (e.g., conflict between one's facial emotional expression and verbal information) in order to resolve current emotional conflicts (e.g., attending to facial emotional expression while ignoring verbal cues). The current study examined emotional interference control and emotional conflict adaptation in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. Twenty children and adolescents with ADHD and 20 without ADHD between the ages of 9 to 15 years performed an emotional Stroop task in which they were instructed to identify the emotion of facial expressions (happy or angry) while ignoring the overlapping words ("happy" or "anger") that were either congruent or incongruent with the facial expressions. Emotional interference control was measured by subtracting reaction time on congruent trials from incongruent trials. Emotional conflict adaptation was measured by subtracting reaction time on postcongruent incongruent (cI) trials from postincongruent incongruent (iI) trials. Children and adolescents with ADHD showed significantly lower accuracy on incongruent trials compared to those without ADHD. Within-group analyses indicated that both groups showed slower and less accurate responses on incongruent relative to congruent trials, suggesting an interference effect without evidence of a speed-accuracy trade-off. No group differences were observed in emotional conflict adaptation. Emotional interference control, but not emotional conflict adaptation, was impaired in our sample of youth with ADHD. Further research should investigate emotional interference control as a mechanism involved with emotion dysregulation symptoms in a social context among youth with ADHD.

Mental health issues have become a growing concern among young adults, while access to professional psychological services remains limited. Most existing digital mental health applications rely mainly on self-report questionnaires and lack the ability to interpret contextual emotional expressions found in user-written text, which reduces their effectiveness for early screening. This study proposes the design and implementation of a mobile-based mental health detection system that integrates contextual natural language processing with interactive assessment features. The system analyzes Indonesian-language textual reflections using an IndoBERT-based classification model and complements the results with a rule-based psychological scoring mechanism derived from questionnaire responses. Logistic Regression with TF–IDF features is employed as a baseline model for comparative evaluation. System performance is assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Experimental results show that the IndoBERT model outperforms the baseline, achieving an accuracy of 97.79%, compared to 94.17% for Logistic Regression. The proposed system is implemented as a Flutter-based mobile application to improve accessibility to early mental health screening among Indonesian university students. This study integrates two complementary approaches: NLP-based text classification using IndoBERT and rule-based psychological scoring derived from self-report questionnaires.

Recently, mental disorders have emerged as one of the major contributors to global healthcare challenges. Deep learning methods based on fMRI and EEG have improved the efficiency and accuracy of detecting certain mental disorders. However, these methods often entail substantial costs for equipment and trained staff. Furthermore, most models are designed for specific mental disorders rather than serving as potential tools for widespread screening. This paper focuses on the emotional expression features of mental disorders and introduces a diagnosis model based on audio-visual. The proposed model incorporates a spatio-temporal (S-T) attention mechanism combined with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and employs Real-Time Gradient Modulation (RTGM). This model effectively captures audio-visual features while dynamically adjusting the contributions of both modalities during training to optimize performance for two mental disorders. Additionally, we introduce dynamically varying Gaussian noise to prevent potential degradation of generalization ability caused by modulation. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model are validated through comparative analyses of various networks, fusion strategies, and modulation methods across three datasets focused on the diagnosis and analysis of two mental disorders: ADHD and depression. The proposed model demonstrates state-of-the-art performance, achieving over 90% accuracy for ADHD classification and improving depression score estimation on AVEC 2013 and AVEC 2014. • Unified audio-visual DL for scalable, low-cost ADHD and depression pre-screening. • Real-Time Gradient Modulation balances modalities and preserves interpretable cues. • Co-developed with CNTW-NHS; validation shows robust results.

The cervico-mental angle has emerged as a key focus in contemporary aesthetic surgery, symbolizing youth, vitality, and refined facial harmony. Yet classic ideals of beauty did not always favor this sharply defined contour. This article compares the cervico-mental angle across Classic Greek sculpture, Hellenistic art, and modern aesthetic standards. Classic works-particularly the goddesses of the 5th century BCE-presented fuller submental profiles that conveyed serenity, modesty, and divine distance. Hellenistic sculpture gradually introduced greater anatomic realism, including more visible submental curvature, reflecting an artistic shift toward individualized bodies and emotional expressiveness. Modern aesthetic surgery, by contrast, privileges precise cervico-mental definition through fat removal, platysma modification, and skeletal augmentation, projecting an ideal of athleticism and youth. By tracing these shifts, this essay argues that the cervico-mental angle is not merely an anatomic measurement but a cultural register of how societies envision beauty, virtue, age, and identity. For plastic surgeons, understanding these historical aesthetics enriches both technique and ethical awareness in contemporary neck contouring.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) emerging adults develop their identities within family contexts. Identity disclosure or "coming out" is an important part of this process. By better understanding how parents'/caregivers' responses-particularly less-validating responses-are received by SGM emerging adults, we may better support young adults and their family members during the coming out process and beyond. This qualitative study investigates SGM emerging adults' perspectives on coming out to their parents/caregivers by (a) characterizing less-validating experiences and (b) elucidating the processes through which parent/caregiver responses lead to SGM emerging adults' feelings of invalidation and influence the relationship over time. SGM emerging adults (N = 24) from across the United States were interviewed about their experiences coming out to parents/caregivers. Qualitative data were systematically coded and examined using applied thematic analysis. Less-validating responses were characterized by parents'/caregivers' verbal and nonverbal expressions of emotions like sadness, frustration, and disapproval with the identity and SGM emerging adults' perceptions of disregard for their preferred timeline for coming out. These perceptions led SGM emerging adults to feel that their own feelings and preferences were decentered, and instead, that parents'/caregivers' feelings and perceptions were the focus. Less-validating responses led to decreased closeness and sharing within the parent/caregiver-child relationship in the short term. However, relationship dynamics changed over time as this new identity information was incorporated by parents/caregivers. Together, findings suggest that fostering emotion regulation, communication skills, and education on SGM identities within families may be important for supporting SGM emerging adults and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

ABSTRACT The rise of ‘dadvertising’, campaigns featuring emotionally engaged, nurturing fathers, highlights how commercial media commodifies masculinity. While studies have accumulated in Anglo-American and Northern European contexts, and a growing body of Turkish scholarship has examined advertising and masculinity, the intersection of paternal emotion work and dadvertising remains underexplored in Turkish scholarship. This paper addresses that gap by examining paternal emotion work in Turkish Father’s Day advertising (2020–2025). Drawing on Hochschild’s distinction between organizational emotional labour and domestic emotion work, Connell’s theory of hegemonic masculinity and Gill’s postfeminist sensibility, the study identifies four discursive formations. First, selective and bounded emotion work stages paternal care as episodic rather than routine. Second, emotional exceptionalism renders fathers’ caregiving heroic. Third, the commodification of paternal affect converts emotional expressiveness into brand capital. Fourth, postfeminist displacement uses individual-choice narratives to obscure the gendered care gap. Ultimately, Turkish dadvertising produces a modernized image of fatherhood that simultaneously reinscribes care inequality by framing men’s emotional participation as exceptional rather than quotidian. The findings contribute to feminist media studies by demonstrating how postfeminist advertising logic operates within a patriarchal, semi-peripheral context and by clarifying crucial conceptual boundaires between emotion work and emotional labour.

ABSTRACT Findings on positivity and negativity biases in emotion perception have been challenged due to the frequent use of static, unimodal stimuli featuring young adult faces, which overlook the dynamic and diverse nature of emotional expressions. We addressed these limitations by using a stimulus database that incorporates naturalistic features of emotional expressions (dynamic, uni- and bimodal, age-varied faces). Accuracy and response times of 75 participants across three age groups (children, younger and older adults) were measured in a positive-negative emotion categorization task. Children showed a positivity bias and a reduced efficiency when integrating negative bimodal information. There were no clear biases in younger adults, while older adults benefitted from bimodal cues only when categorizing negative but not positive emotions. Overall, our findings suggest a more nuanced pattern of biases across lifespan than previously reported, potentially influenced by redundancy effects, cognitive load, and age-dependent motivational goals.

ABSTRACT Background Text‐based online chat (TBC) offers accessible mental health support for youths and young persons who may avoid traditional face‐to‐face services. While research demonstrates TBC's effectiveness, limited studies examine which specific chat helpers' communication features contribute to positive outcomes. This study identified textual and linguistic characteristics of chat helpers' responses associated with chat users' perceptions of service usefulness in an online synchronous text‐based chat service in Singapore. Methods We analysed 1062 chat sessions from youths and young persons aged 12–25 years collected between 2016 and 2020. We examined 26 communication features used by chat helpers including emoticon use, affective language, session duration, response lag time, four types of social support (emotional, informational, esteem, network), pronoun usage patterns, politeness markers, question frequency, linguistic complexity measures and superlatives. Analyses included univariate logistic regression and Latent Profile Analysis to identify communication styles. Results Eleven communication features significantly predicted positive outcomes. Emoticon use showed the strongest effect (7.3 percentage point increase), followed by affective language (6.4 points) and session duration (4.1 points). Three social support types were effective: network support (4.0 points), esteem support (3.8 points) and emotional support (2.7 points). Linguistic features including superlatives and words per sentence also predicted success. First‐person pronouns used by chat helpers showed negative effects. Three distinct communication profiles emerged, with ‘Emotionally Expressive’ and ‘Inquiry‐Driven’ styles achieving at least 86.6% success rates compared to 79.3% for ‘Typical’ style. Conclusion Effective TBC requires specific text‐based skills including emotional expression through emoticons and affective language, and providing social support. Training programmes should develop these competencies while allowing for different communication styles such as emotionally expressive or inquiry‐driven approaches.

Emotion recognition is one of the most important and complex challenges for machines to understand, as most robots and AI agents struggle with human-centric perception and interpretation. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel multimodal emotion recognition system that analyzes emotions through two complementary channels: voice and facial expressions. The proposed approach is evaluated on the RAVDESS and CREMA-D datasets, which consist of acted emotional expressions across multiple discrete emotion categories. Utilizing an advanced multimodal deep feature fusion technique, the system combines handcrafted audio features (e.g., Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs)) with deep visual features extracted from an attention-based VGGFace model. These features are integrated into a unified representation through a hybrid fusion strategy that jointly employs concatenation, cross-attention, gated fusion, and multiplicative fusion mechanisms to capture complementary cross-modal interactions. To ensure a comprehensive and realistic assessment, the model is evaluated under both random-split and strict speaker-independent protocols. On the RAVDESS dataset, the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 95.83% under random-split evaluation and 48.06% ± 9.76% accuracy under speaker-independent Leave-One-Speaker-Out (LOSO) testing, while on the CREMA-D dataset it attains 73.54% accuracy using random splits and 53.12% ± 2.65% accuracy under subject-exclusive speaker-independent 5-fold cross-validation.