Emotional Dependence Research Articles

The impact of adult attachment on career decision-making in Chinese college students: the chain mediating role of self-differentiation and social support

IntroductionThis study investigates the influence of adult attachment on career decision-making among Chinese university students, focusing on the chain mediation roles of self-differentiation and social support. Grounded in attachment theory and Bowen’s family systems theory, the proposed model “adult attachment → self-differentiation → social support → career decision-making” elucidates how emotional dependency indirectly shapes career choices through psychological maturity and social resource integration, offering novel insights for career counseling.MethodsData were collected from 908 students across three universities in Shandong Province using standardized scales: the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, Revised Differentiation of Self Inventory, Social Support Rating Scale, and Career Decision Inventory. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the hypothesized chain mediation, supplemented by cross-group validation and extreme-group analysis to ensure robustness.ResultsStructural equation modeling revealed that adult attachment indirectly affected career decision-making through self-differentiation and social support (β = −0.048, p < 0.01), with self-differentiation serving as a partial mediator. Secure attachment enhanced social support acquisition via higher self-differentiation (β = 0.368), ultimately improving decision efficacy (β = 0.330). A direct path (β = −0.059, p < 0.05) confirmed attachment’s independent impact. Grade-level differences emerged: mediation effects were pronounced among lower-grade students, while seniors prioritized practical factors.DiscussionThe findings validate an emotion-psychology-resource transformation mechanism, demonstrating how secure attachment optimizes decisions through self-differentiation and social support. However, collectivist cultural contexts attenuated self-differentiation’s standalone effects. The results advocate integrated interventions combining emotional regulation and resource mobilization, proposing stage-specific guidance: psychological empowerment for early undergraduates and practical resource provision for seniors. Limitations include regional sampling bias and scale cultural adaptability; future cross-cultural longitudinal studies are warranted.

Mobile information and communication system to support building of therapy groups in addiction treatment using a trust mechanism

Addiction is a physiological or emotional dependence on a substance, activity, or mode of action that is so severe that it causes harmful physical or emotional effects and prevents the individual from coping effectively with life and interacting with society. The most effective method of treating addiction is group therapy. However, the traditional building of a therapy group, based solely on periodic meetings and discussions, is a timeconsuming, labour-intensive, and costly process. We propose a method and tools to support the therapist in building an effective therapy group. This support is based on the use of a mechanism of mutual trust. Our proposed use of information and communication solutions and the machine learning method reduces the timeconsumption of the whole process and, thus, the workload and costs of building a therapy group. We use mobile applications to collect the necessary data from therapy participants. This data, via wireless networks, is sent to a data center. There, they are processed using machine learning. The method presented, and the information and communication environment prepared for it can be applied to a specific substance and behavioural addictions, as well as mixed addictions.

Exploring IT identity claims: toward a value-centric IT identification framework

ABSTRACT The ubiquity and integration of technology into daily life have blurred the boundaries of where technology ends and an individual begins. This cyborg existence necessitates a better understanding of how individuals conceptualise their relationships with technology. Researchers recently developed a concept IT identity to explain the phenomenon of people identifying themselves in relation to IT. Though emergent literature demonstrates the predictive power of IT identity as an antecedent to technology use, there have yet to be empirical investigations into how and why people make claims about themselves in relation to IT. This exploration is crucial to understanding the drivers of IT identification. Using an inductive approach, we conducted in-depth interviews with 51 individuals from diverse walks of life. We found evidence of IT identity through IT identity claims regarding emotional energy, dependence, and relatedness. IT identity spanned spectrums from weak to strong and positive to negative. Our analysis further reveals that IT identity can be ambivalent, as evidenced by inconsistent implicit and explicit IT identity claims. The interplay between social desirability, oneness, and personal values explains the IT identity claim patterns, with values at the core of these relationships. We develop an IT identification framework to explain these complex relationships.

A longitudinal network analysis of the relationship between love addiction, insecure attachment patterns, and interpersonal dependence

The present study employed a network analysis approach to explore interrelationships among love addiction, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and interpersonal dependence. The sample included 80 couples (N = 160) in romantic relationships, assessed longitudinally through online self-reports at the study's initiation and three months later. The findings revealed that attachment anxiety correlated strongly with low self-confidence, attachment avoidance related to autonomy, and love addiction showed a positive association with emotional dependence but a negative association with attachment avoidance. These findings underscore the associations among love addiction, insecure attachment patterns, and dimensions of interpersonal dependence. Addressing the core link between love addiction and insecure attachment patterns may enhance the psychological well-being of both partners in a couple.

The Effect of Emotional Regulation for the Successful Treatment of Emotional Dependence in Young People

Regulation of one’s own emotional state is of great importance for a person’s mental health. The issue under research is related to determining emotional regulation approaches for the success of the treatment of emotional dependence in young people. Methods. It was possible to achieve the set goal based on the use of methods of analysis, observation, the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale, and the Student’s coefficient. The emotional regulation approaches developed by the authors included social recovery, analysis of someone else’s problem and behaviour, problem solving, and art therapy. Results.It was found that the therapy had a positive effect on the respondents, enabling them to primarily develop the self-confidence skills (96%). Also, to develop a lack of need for constant approval (92%), and consideration of their own interests (93%). It was found that the level of the respondents’ emotional dependence decreased to a low level (84%) from the beginning of the study. The respondents noted that art therapy (53%) and socialization (47%), which became the basis of the treatment approaches, had almost the same positive effect. Conclusions.The practical significance of the article is related to the possibility of using effective approaches to regulating emotional dependence in young people. The research prospects will be aimed at comparing the impact of the developed approaches to regulating emotional dependence in young people and middle-aged people.

Effectiveness of Robot-Mediated Learning in Fostering Children’s Social and Cognitive Development

Engaging with social robots has been recognized as potentially beneficial for children facing social communication challenges, especially in developing skills such as joint attention. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of robot-mediated learning in enhancing children’s cognitive abilities, emotional resilience, and self-confidence, based on an analysis of research conducted between 2018 and 2025. While social robots show promise in delivering personalized and engaging educational experiences, challenges such as emotional dependence, accessibility, and ethical concerns persist. The review concludes that further research, particularly longitudinal studies and cross-cultural comparisons, is necessary to fully understand the long-term impacts of robot-mediated learning on children’s cognitive and social development. It explores the application of robotic technology in relation to children’s educational progress across different age groups. The review includes studies of various types, such as experimental, non-experimental, and research articles, covering diverse research fields, robots, contexts of use, target audiences, and outcomes. The findings highlight the growing potential of social robots to support children’s cognitive development by providing interactive and stimulating learning experiences. This review offers valuable insights for researchers and designers aiming to improve robotic interventions and tailor them to meet diverse developmental needs and educational settings.

PRISÕES VIRTUAIS: ANSIEDADE E SOLIDÃO NA SOCIEDADE CONECTADA

The digital age has transformed human interaction, offering global connectivity while fostering phenomena such as anxiety and loneliness, which arise from uncontrolled social media use. The concept of "virtual prisons" describes how digital platforms, despite connecting people, often isolate users in bubbles of superficiality and empty interaction. The relentless search for online validation, materialized in likes, comments, and shares, leads to emotional dependency and the weakening of face-to-face relationships. Constant exposure to idealized lives and unrealistic standards, widely disseminated on these platforms, reinforces feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, and personal dissatisfaction. These factors are exacerbated by algorithms that limit opinion diversity and reinforce information bubbles, deepening disconnection from reality and intensifying social fragmentation. Simultaneously, excessive time spent on social media compromises users' mental and physical health, reducing productivity, sleep quality, and genuine interactions. Thus, the connected society, while enabling instant communication, also creates emotional prisons that hinder the construction of deep and authentic relationships. Understanding the psychological and social impacts of these tools has become essential to promoting a healthier and more balanced digital coexistence, reducing the harmful effects of virtual dependency.

Psychological Impacts of AI Dependence: Assessing the Cognitive and Emotional Costs of Intelligent Systems in Daily Life

The study explores the cognitive and emotional consequences of dependence on Artificial Intelligence among health professionals and educators in Punjab, Pakistan. As AI is increasingly being infused into professional practice, it becomes important to study the psychological impacts of such dependence to optimize the use of the technology. This study used a quantitative research approach with a sample of 500 health professionals and educators selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from self-reporting questionnaires specifically designed to measure the cognitive and emotional consequences of AI usage. The statistical analysis was carried out through correlation and regression techniques and post-hoc analysis. Results: Various psychological outcomes were found to be very significantly associated with AI usage. The result showed that a long usage of an AI tool led to cognitive overload, meaning mental exhaustion, and subsequently decreased decision-making ability. Furthermore, the extent of AI usage was correlated with enhanced emotional stress. Professionals stated increased anxiety and pressure in critical decision-making as a result of the dependency on AI. Excessive AI usage was also associated with short attention span, therefore indicating a negative impact on the cognitive involvement of professionals. Additionally, moderate emotional dependence on AI systems was found, especially in health professionals and educators working under stressful conditions. These findings reflect the two-sided nature of the impact of AI: although AI systems contribute to efficiency and proper decision-making, they also generate severe cognitive and emotional challenges. The study points to the necessity of integrating AI with considerations for mental well-being and provides practical recommendations to balance out the psychological effects of dependence on AI. Some of the outcomes include the designing of AI tools that decrease the cognitive load, training on managing emotional dependency, and guidelines on using AI in high-pressure environments. Overall, this study contributes to the rising literature on the psychological impact of AI in professional settings and provides valuable insights toward the improvement of AI system design as well as the mental well-being of professionals in healthcare and education.

Modes of Dating Violence in Young Adults Within Pakistani Culture: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

In the Pakistani cultural context, dating violence is a pervasive issue that poses significant risks to mental health. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and expressions of young adults who have faced dating violence, with a focus on informing counseling and early intervention. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis of semistructured interviews with 10 young adults (5 men and 5 women) aged 18–25 years, we identified superordinate themes of psychological, emotional, and physical modes of dating violence. Subordinate themes revealed a range of controlling and manipulating, stalking and surveillance, intimidating, isolation, communication gap, exploiting emotional dependency, ridiculing, lowering self-esteem and identity erosion, emotional distancing and neglect, humiliation and degradation, devaluation and defame, physical assault and injury, property damage, coercing or attempting sexual contact, and restraining and confinement. Our findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive intervention of dating violence in Pakistan including the integration of psychological support and emotional counseling, where societal pressure, family expectations, and gender roles exacerbate the abuse. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of dating violence in Pakistan and underscores the importance of tailored interventions to mitigate its devastating effects on mental health.

How healthcare providers’ IT identity is formed and how it affects the use of telemonitoring: a qualitative interview study in COPD care

BackgroundTelemonitoring is a promising approach to facilitate patients’ self-management and improve health outcomes, especially among people with chronic health conditions. Yet, many healthcare organisations struggle to implement telemonitoring successfully. IT...

EXAMINE THE LINK BETWEEN NOMOPHOBIA AND LONELINESS: EVIDENCE FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (KP), PAKISTAN.

Background: Nomophobia, or the fear of being without a mobile phone, has emerged as a growing concern in modern society, particularly among young adults. Loneliness, characterized by perceived social isolation, has also become prevalent among university students, exacerbated by digital overreliance. Despite the increasing use of smartphones, limited research has explored the link between nomophobia and loneliness, especially in the sociocultural context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate this relationship among university students. Objective: To explore the correlation between nomophobia and loneliness among university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and examine potential gender differences in loneliness. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed. Data were collected from 377 university students aged 18–25 years using purposive sampling. An adapted questionnaire, including the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale, was utilized. Internal consistency was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.93 for NMP-Q and 0.85 for UCLA Loneliness Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and t-tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for nomophobia was 85.45 (SD = 21.27), and for loneliness, it was 53.29 (SD = 9.59). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.408, p < 0.01) was observed between nomophobia and loneliness. Gender analysis revealed no significant difference in loneliness between male and female participants (p > 0.05). Most participants reported distress when unable to access mobile phones or maintain social connections, indicating a behavioral and emotional dependence on smartphones. Conclusion: The study established a positive relationship between nomophobia and loneliness, emphasizing the psychological and social implications of excessive smartphone reliance. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the effects of nomophobia and loneliness among students, promoting healthier digital habits and mental well-being.

Technological Addiction Exploring the Risks of Excessive Use of Mobile Devices and Social Networks in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

With the increasing integration of digital technology into adolescents' daily lives, it is essential to comprehensively understand the potential negative impacts this phenomenon could have on their mental health, social well-being, and academic performance. Therefore, this research aims to discern the determinants that drive adolescents towards the excessive use of social networks and mobile devices, as well as to understand the associated consequences in order to promote awareness, prevention and effective management of this addiction, encouraging a healthier and more balanced approach to the use of technologies through a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology by collecting manuscripts from databases such as Scopus, Web of Sciencie, Taylor & Francis and SciencieDirect and Springer. As a result, it was found that in addition to the positive aspects and challenges identified, adolescents' quest to establish interpersonal relationships by mobile devices and social networks prevails, which may be intrinsically linked to an emotional dependence. Therefore, it is urgent to implement educational and preventive strategies adapted to the current digital reality to promote a healthy balance in the use of technology by adolescents. Received: 16 June 2024 / Accepted: 20 December 2024 / Published: 11 January 2025

A study of consumer demand differentiation under different anchor personas in agricultural products content marketing

ABSTRACT This study examines differentiated consumer demands in agricultural product content marketing according to varied anchor personas on short-video social platforms. Using LDA topic modeling, we analyzed 38,557 consumer reviews posted on TikTok. This study identifies five anchor personas for agricultural content marketing: Emotional Persona, Merchant Persona, Traffic Persona, KOL Persona, and Recommend Persona. Consumers associated with different anchor personas in agricultural products exhibit common demands, including Sensory Attributes, Selling Price, Storage & Transportation, and Repeat Purchase. Additionally, consumers exhibit differentiated demands, including Emotional Dependence, Merchant Feedback, Traffic Endorsement, Product Communication, and Recommend Recognition. This study represents a pioneering attempt to identify key factors in developing varied anchor personas in agricultural product content marketing by scientifically and efficiently applying LDA topic modeling techniques from a consumer perspective. Contributions include transforming consumer demands into commercially valuable insights that enhance content marketing effectiveness. Based on these findings, content marketing platforms and merchants can promptly realign their anchor persona strategies in accordance with resource availability and consumer insights, ultimately increasing sales and market share.

Challenging Stigma: Gender Self-Expression and Social Interactions of the Sheng Nu

mwymwAbstract:With the gradual development of modern women’s education level, an increasing number of women have achieved high levels of achievement in education and occupation. However, due to their delayed entry into the marriage, they are defined officially as leftover women in Chinese society. The single identity of leftover women is frequently not recognized socially and portrayed as selfish in the media. Some single women choose to weaken their advantages in education and occupation under social pressure and follow the traditional gender norms to enter marriage as soon as possible. However, some women create new femininity, constructing the social identity of single women and demonstrating positive aspects of leftover women. However, the specific strategies of leftover women’s new social identity construction also remain blank. Therefore, this article will take a textual analysis of the posts and comments on the topic of leftover women on social media Xiaohongshu, exploring the strategies of leftover women groups in response to social pressure. The findings indicate that leftover women find empowerment through constructing positive lifestyles, choosing a new reproduction method, and forming their social support network and emotional dependence. In a series of strategies, they attempt to undo gender and challenge traditional gender norms to achieve the recognition of themselves.

DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF CYBORGS IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S KLARA AND THE SUN

This study aims to find the difference between the representation of Klara's character and the concept of Cyborg Manifesto by Donna Haraway in the novel Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro. This research discusses how Klara engages in the traditional organic family concept without an Oedipal project, without psychological dynamics such as conflict or emotional dependence on parental figures as in humans. It also explores how Klara remains respected despite having no awareness or understanding of the cosmos, a spiritual or philosophical perspective on the universe that is often the basis of human existence. The approaches used are posthumanism and cyborg theory, which highlight the boundary between humans and machines. The results showed important differences in the representation of Klara. This paper finds that Klara, although a cyborg, was able to form deep emotional bonds with humans and was respected for her ability. This is contrary to Haraway's concept that cyborgs are not bound by family structures and are not rewarded for their connection to the environment or cosmos. This analysis contributes to enriching the study of human-technology relations and identity dynamics in the context of posthumanism.

The Influence of Emotional Regulation on Tendencies Suicide In Early Adulthood In East Jakarta

This research aims to determine the influence of emotional regulation on suicidal tendencies in young adults in East Jakarta. Early adulthood as a period of self-realization, becoming parents, resolving conflicts and emotional tension, social isolation, attachment and dependency, shifting values, creativity, and adopting new ways of living. Adulthood in particular is a period of growth rapidly, but also a time full of conflict. According to Lumen Learning, conflict and crisis in early adulthood can take the form of feelings burdened with new responsibilities, worries about the future, and division of time between oneself and peers. People who experience difficulty regulating negative or suggestive emotional responses inappropriate emotional responses to certain situations Glatz and Roemer, and unable to recognize, control, and adapt with signs of emotional regulation difficulties. Emotional dysregulation resulting in difficulty controlling maladaptive emotions and behavior or behavior that causes an individual Difficulty in self-regulation is one of the contributing factors physical violence. Emotion regulation is the ability to manage, identify and manage emotions effectively. This involves self-awareness of emotions, an understanding of the factors that trigger emotions, and the skills to manage emotional responses in healthy and productive ways. This research is a quantitative research with research subjects as many as 196 early adults in East Jakarta. Data collection in this study used the Emotion Regulation (ERQ) Questionnaire and Scale for Suicide Ideation measuring instruments. This research uses a simple linear regression data analysis technique to determine the influence of the two variables and is processed using SPSS version 26. Based on the results of data analysis, an F value of 925.630 is obtained with a significance of 0.000 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.838, which shows that emotional regulation has an effect on trend. suicide was 83.8%.

Challenges of smoking cessation in users of non-invasive stimulation technologies in Iran: a parallel convergent mixed-methods study

ObjectivesIn recent years, non-invasive stimulation technologies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, bioresonance and auriculotherapy have been used for smoking cessation. Individuals may face various challenges...

Impact of Substance Use and Gender-Based Violence on Mental Health and Decision-Making under risk and under ambiguity: Insights from the Iowa Gambling Task in Incarcerated Populations

Research on inmates' decision-making, health, temperament, and psychopathology highlights the importance of mental health and rehabilitation in prisons. The study focuses on the high prevalence of mental disorders, examining personality and decision-making, particularly in those with substance abuse and domestic violence histories. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in correctional settings. This study assessed decision-making under ambiguity and risk in 51 male inmates from the Provincial Prison of Granada, including those with histories of drug abuse, domestic violence, or neither. Decision-making was evaluated using the Iowa Gambling Task, while mental and physical health were measured with the SF-36, personality with the TCI-R, and psychopathology with the MCMI-IV. No significant differences in decision-making were found across prisoner groups. However, those with substance abuse and domestic violence histories exhibited consistently poor decision-making. The domestic violence group scored significantly lower in Block 5 compared to those without such histories. This group also showed greater physical limitations, emotional dependency, and compulsive behaviors. The substance abuse group exhibited higher novelty seeking, antisocial behavior, aggression, borderline personality disorder symptoms, alcohol abuse, and depression. The study underscores the impact of substance abuse and domestic violence on decision-making, psychological traits, and physical health among incarcerated men. It highlights the need for tailored interventions to address specific cognitive and behavioral issues, which could enhance rehabilitation outcomes and reduce recidivism.

How to enhance employee engagement in the AI era: An fsQCA-based study.

The ongoing fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the integration of intelligent machines, presents a transformative shift in the nature of work. Unlike past industrial revolutions that reshaped job dynamics, the current reliance on intelligent machines introduces new complexities. It is challenging to determine whether the adoption of intelligent machines fosters active engagement or diminishes motivation of employees. This paper explores how the adoption of intelligent machines affects employee work engagement. We aim to identify the key combinations of factors influencing work engagement amidst technological integration by utilizing a supportive ecosystem perspective. We employed fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the interplay of seven factors: challenge stressors, leadership empowerment behavior, technology dependence, relationship dependence, emotional dependence, benefit dependence, and growth need strength. This approach addresses the limitations of previous research by considering the interdependencies and non-linear relationships among these factors. Our study reveals diverse configurations that influence work engagement. The fsQCA analysis uncovers multiple pathways through which the identified factors interact to impact work engagement, providing a nuanced understanding of the conditions that foster employee engagement in the era of AI. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by elucidating multiple configurations that influence work engagement, highlighting the importance of a supportive ecosystem perspective in understanding employee behavior in technologically advanced workplaces. The findings also offer empirical insights to guide managerial interventions aimed at fostering employee engagement in the AI era.

Emotional Dependence and Narcissism in Couple Relationships: Echo and Narcissus Syndrome.

Emotional dependency consists of an extreme affective need that manifests pathologically, such that it has been established that the partners of emotionally dependent individuals exhibit narcissistic traits. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional dependency, the narcissistic traits of a romantic partner, and psychological abuse, in addition to examining the sex differences in the first two variables. This study included 271 subjects (144 women and 127 men) between the ages of 18 and 66 (M = 36.9; SD = 14.748). This study compared individuals with and without emotional dependency, finding that those with emotional dependency reported more narcissistic partners. Furthermore, psychological abuse was positively correlated with the narcissism of the partner. There were no significant sex differences in emotional dependency or in the exhibition of narcissistic traits. The importance of examining the connections between emotional dependency, the narcissistic traits of a romantic partner, and the potential for psychological abuse within these relationships are highlighted.