Emotional Effects Research Articles

Behavioural Economics in Marketing: Understanding consumer Decisison Making

Consumer decision-making, which is susceptible to emotional and social effects in addition to cognitive flaws, is the focus of behavioural economics, which integrates findings from economics and psychology. Examining the impact of behavioural economic principles such as limited rationality, prospect theory, and heuristics on customer behaviour, this abstract outlines important ideas and new developments in the field of applied behavioural economics to marketing. To determine which techniques are most successful in influencing customer decisions, we examine framing effects, anchoring, and nudging. Furthermore, the significance of data analytics and digital marketing in comprehending and capitalising on customer behaviour patterns is addressed. Businesses may boost engagement, happiness, and revenue by integrating behavioural data into marketing campaigns. In order to better understand consumer decision-making and its practical implications for marketers, the article also proposes topics for further research, such as the influence of new technology and ethical issues in consumer manipulation.

Social sharing of emotion during the collective crisis of COVID-19.

We collected data from two sources - social media and online questionnaires - to investigate the emotional consequences of social sharing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 1 tracked and analysed sentiment of tweets posted over the course of a month in the crisis period and found that users who tweeted more frequently about COVID-19 expressed decreasing negative sentiment and increasing positive sentiment over time. Granger causality tests confirmed that this association was better interpreted in the forward direction (sharing levels predicting sentiment) than in the reverse direction (sentiment predicting sharing levels). Study 2 focused on immediate emotional consequences of sharing COVID-19-related events and found that participants reported improved overall affect about an event after sharing it, especially when that event was a personal experience rather than a news story. Reported positive feelings about both kinds of events were also significantly higher after sharing. Taken together, both studies suggested that social sharing is linked with emotional relief and may therefore help people to deal with their negative experiences during a persistent collective crisis.

Is emotion perception altered by gaze direction, gender appearance, and gender identity of the perceived face?

The purpose of the present study was to examine how gaze and emotion processing may change due to differences in gender appearance and gender identity of the perceived face. We manipulated gender appearance (male or female), gender identity (cisgender or transgender), gaze direction (direct or averted), and expressed emotions (anger, fear, or neutral) of face models in an emotion rating task. We replicate several previous findings, including a direct gaze advantage, an emotion effect, and an interaction between gaze direction and expressed emotion. In line with previous findings on the influence of facial morphology for face processing, we found that male faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of anger, while female faces were more quickly and intensely perceived for displays of fear. Of key interest, gender identity influenced face perception for different emotion expressions and gaze directions for ratings and reaction times in a variety of ways. For example, transgender male faces were seen as angrier and less fearful than cisgender male faces, while the opposite effect occurred for female faces. These results suggest that face perception is systematically shaped by morphological differences as well as more abstract social constructs related to gender identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

“We just ignored them.” Adaptation strategies used by emergency department personnel in the face of workplace violence: A qualitative study

BackgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) can have adverse psychological, physical, and emotional effects on emergency department (ED) personnel. Adaptive strategies can help them better adapt to WPV. The study aimed to explore ED personnel’s experiences with adaptive strategies used in the face of WPV. MethodsIn this qualitative study, 22 ED personnel (nurses, doctors, services patient care assistants, and security guards) were selected using purposive sampling from Urmia city hospitals. Deep semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. After recording and implementing interviews, conventional content analysis was used to extract concepts. ResultsData analysis led to extracting an overarching theme of “mastering the situation and avoiding harm.” Two categories that supported the main theme were: “effort to avoid violence” and “effort to escape suffering.” The seven subcategories supported main categories included “managing patients and companions, ”self-control,“ ”seeking support, “emotional discharge,” “thought diversion, ”tendency to spirituality,“ and ”seeking medical assistance.“ ConclusionGiven the experiences of ED personnel regarding strategies used, health managers and policymakers are recommended to develop and implement comprehensive programs to reduce violence and empower nurses before and after dealing with violence. The following programs will help: developing and implementing guidelines such as zero-tolerance WPV policy, criminalizing violence against personnel and punishing perpetrators; holding classes related to communication skills, self-control skills, and deviant thinking skills for ED personnel; raising public awareness of the prevailing conditions in the emergency through mass media, and counseling and treating violent ED personnel.

The emotional labour of peer work: encountering stigma in mental healthcare spaces

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the workplace experiences of peer workers with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in mental healthcare settings in Australia. Our article is located at the intersection of political, social, cultural, and legislative forces that have fostered the development of peer work as a paid profession. We draw on the concept of stigma to analyse findings from qualitative interviews with peer workers conducted in [state], Australia. By examining peer work in the broader context of lifeworlds of BPD, we address the interplay of work and professional identity, and the experience of a profoundly stigmatised diagnosis at this intersection. Our findings demonstrate the physical and emotional effects of stigma and how it produces boundaries and inequalities between peer workers and other health practitioners. These boundaries are reinforced by invisible markers that delineate what is expected, ‘normal’ and deemed professional in the workplace. Moreover, these same medico-socio-political relations help shape peer workers’ identities and experiences. The development of peer workforces in mental healthcare service delivery is a prominent area of reform in Australia and internationally. Our research highlights the urgency of efforts to transform current socio-cultural-political relations that inhibit peer workers in their roles and impact workplace experiences.

Emotional Consequences of Burn Nursing: A Phenomenological Approach

Nurses face various emotional challenges while providing care to burn patients. An existential-phenomenological approach was utilized to gain an insight into the emotional experiences of burn nurses. The semi-structured interviews were audio recorded with twenty-two burn nurses and analyzed with Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Three themes were revealed: Emotionally overwhelming environment; Psychological trauma; Impact on quality patient care. Implementing support strategies is crucial to retain the nurses in emotionally overwhelming burn unit and to provide quality care to burn patients.

Seni Menyampaikan Perasaan Melalui Lagu Berjudul "Sang Bayu" Karya Hariyadi

This study explores the lyrics and creative process behind the song "Sang Bayu" created by Hariyadi . The main focus of the analysis is on the use of language and metaphors in the lyrics that depict the theme of love and romance. The lyrics of this song contain deep expressions of love and use metaphors such as "blowing the wind of love" to express soft and calming feelings. The main theme raised is love and romance, where the lyrics display soft and affectionate feelings. The melody that supports the lyrics also strengthens the romantic and calming atmosphere. This study also includes an interview with Hariyadi, who explains the process of creating this song through musical reflection and experimentation, as well as expressing personal inspiration from the beauty of nature and true love. This study identifies that the combination of poetic language, symbolism, and flowing lyrical structure provides a strong emotional and aesthetic effect.

"In God We Trust": An Exploratory Study of the Associations Between Religiosity and the Caregiving Experiences of Parents of Children with Rare Diseases in Poland.

Most children with a rare disease are cared for by their family members but parenting such a child is extremely demanding due to the complexity and severity of symptoms, with serious physical, emotional, social, and financial consequences for caregivers. Although religion may serve as a positive coping strategy, little is known about its role in helping caregivers manage the stress related to the burden of caregiving in Poland. Therefore, we surveyed 925 Polish family caregivers of children with rare diseases to understand the association between caregivers' religiosity and their caring experiences. The findings suggest that parents' religiosity is associated with a more positive caregiving experience, perceived quality of life, and experienced caregiving burden. While religious caregivers reported experiencing less distressing emotions and stressed the encouraging impact of their child's disease on their life more often, non-religious caregivers experienced role captivity and role overload more frequently. Since religion may serve as a source of strength and a protecting factor against mental health problems and the burden of caregiving, healthcare professionals should be aware of the importance of religious and spiritual care, and caregivers' religiosity should be considered an integral part of a holistic approach.

Network analyses of ecological momentary emotion and avoidance assessments before and after cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders

Negative emotions and associated avoidance behaviors are core symptoms of anxiety. Current treatments aim to resolve dysfunctional coupling between them. However, precise interactions between emotions and avoidance in patients’ everyday lives and changes from pre- to post-treatment remain unclear. We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial where patients with anxiety disorders underwent 16 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Fifty-six patients (68 % female, age: M = 33.31, SD = 12.45) completed ecological momentary assessments five times a day on 14 consecutive days before and after treatment, rating negative emotions and avoidance behaviors experienced within the past 30 min. We computed multilevel vector autoregressive models to investigate contemporaneous and time-lagged associations between anxiety, depression, anger, and avoidance behaviors within patients, separately at pre- and post-treatment. We examined pre-post changes in network density and avoidance centrality, and related these metrics to changes in symptom severity. Network density significantly decreased from pre- to post-treatment, indicating that after therapy, mutual interactions between negative emotions and avoidance were attenuated. Specifically, contemporaneous associations between anxiety and avoidance observed before CBT were no longer significant at post-treatment. Effects of negative emotions on avoidance assessed at a later time point (avoidance instrength) decreased, but not significantly. Reduction in avoidance instrength positively correlated with reduction in depressive symptom severity, meaning that as patients improved, they were less likely to avoid situations after experiencing negative emotions. Our results elucidate mechanisms of successful CBT observed in patients’ daily lives and may help improve and personalize CBT to increase its effectiveness.

Emotional and Cognitive Consequences of Miscalibrated Bonus Expectations

Emotional and Cognitive Consequences of Miscalibrated Bonus Expectations

Experiences of young women in the practice of squirting: a descriptive qualitative study.

While female ejaculation is viewed as a potential enhancer of women's sexual experiences and their relationships with their sexual partners, existing studies to date emphasize the need for further exploration of the squirting phenomenon. The study sought to explore experiences and perceptions about the phenomenon of squirting in young adult women. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted between December 2022 and March 2023. Seventeen young adult women who experienced squirting were recruited using a convenience and snowball sampling. ATLAS.ti v.9 software was used for a thematic analysis of the interview data. The study adhered to the recommendations for reporting qualitative research (Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research). The outcomes included (1) exploring factors influencing initial squirting experiences, (2) insights gained through squirting experiences, (3) communication as the cornerstone in sexual relationships, and (4) resources and sources for knowledge on the squirting phenomenon. After the analysis of the results, the following subthemes emerged: (1) first perceptions on squirting, (2) facilitating factors, (3) physical sensations and psychological aspects in squirting experience, (4) sources of information about squirting and (5) addressing squirting in comprehensive sex education. Frontline healthcare providers should undergo specific training to address anxiety related to squirting among certain individuals and enhance societal awareness while offering emotional support for diverse sexual response variations. Acknowledging limitations in our study of young women's experiences with squirting, a more diverse sample could provide alternative insights. Despite this, our findings contribute valuable knowledge, suggesting avenues for professional training to promote sexual and reproductive health in a more realistic and sensitive manner. This study explored the emotional and psychological effects of squirting on women's sexual experiences, ranging from heightened arousal to feelings of humiliation and embarrassment. It emphasized the importance of a partner's reaction in interpreting the event and the limited understanding of squirting, often influenced by pornography.

Temporal orientation of positive reappraisal.

Although it is well established that positive reappraisal-changing the way one thinks about an emotional event to feel more positive about it-is an effective emotion regulation strategy, researchers have only recently begun to characterize the relative utility and effectiveness of different forms of positive reappraisal. We propose that temporal orientation-thinking about the past versus the future-may be one particularly useful characterization of positive reappraisal. In three studies, participants were instructed to use positive reappraisal to feel better about a stressor and we either measured (Studies 1 and 3) or manipulated (Study 2) the orientation of those reappraisals to the future or to the past. The findings demonstrated that people tended to use reappraisals that were more future oriented than past oriented (Studies 1 and 3). In addition, although both forms of reappraisals were effective at regulating emotion, future-oriented reappraisals were slightly more effective at increasing positive emotion (Study 2) and higher in perceived effectiveness (Study 3). Lastly, people generated reappraisals that were more oriented to the past in response to stressors that were familiar (Studies 1 and 3) and/or chronic (Study 3); however, the future orientation of their reappraisals was insensitive to the characteristics of the stressors. Our results suggest that there is a clear distinction in the utility and effectiveness of past-oriented and future-oriented forms of positive reappraisal, suggesting that this novel characterization of positive reappraisals by their temporal orientation may prove critical for more fully understanding the effectiveness of positive reappraisal for regulating emotion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Pathways to motherhood: A single-center retrospective study on fertility preservation and reproductive outcomes in patients with breast cancer

BackgroundBreast cancer treatments often have negative effects on fertility, which pose challenges among patients who want to be parents in the future. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of oocyte cryopreservation, embryo cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation in patients with breast cancer. MethodsThis retrospective review evaluated 42 patients with breast cancer who underwent fertility preservation at our center from January 2012 to December 2022. This review encompassed the demographic characteristics of the patients, cancer stages, treatment details, and types of fertility preservation procedures and their outcomes. ResultsThe average age at disease diagnosis was 33.4 years. Approximately 90.4% of patients presented with early-stage cancer (≤2). Of 42 patients, 26 underwent oocyte cryopreservation; 17, embryo cryopreservation; and 2, ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Further, three patients received mixed treatment. The overall live birth rate was 63.2%. There are more live births in embryo cryopreservation group. The successful pregnancy group was significantly younger and had a remarkably higher quantity of preserved oocytes/embryos than the nonsuccessful pregnancy group. The oocyte and embryo utilization rates in cryopreservation were 7.69% and 52.94%, respectively. These findings underscored the importance of prompt, informed discussions about fertility preservation options. ConclusionFertility preservation in patients with breast cancer have promising reproductive outcomes, with embryo cryopreservation being particularly effective. Prompt counseling and individualized fertility preservation strategies are important for improving the likelihood of posttreatment pregnancy. Nevertheless, future research on the long-term psychological and emotional effects of different fertility preservation methods must be performed.

Unpleasant words can affect the detection of morphosyntactic errors: An ERP study on individual differences.

In recent years, several ERP studies have investigated whether the early computation of agreement is permeable to the emotional content of words. Some studies have reported interactive effects of grammaticality and emotionality in the left anterior negativity (LAN) component, while others have failed to replicate these results. Furthermore, novel findings suggest that grammatical processing can elicit different neural patterns across individuals. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the interaction between grammaticality and emotionality is restricted to participants with a specific neural profile. Sixty-one female native speakers of Spanish performed an agreement judgment task in noun phrases composed of a determiner, a noun, and an unpleasant or neutral adjective that could agree or disagree in gender with the preceding noun. Our results support the existence of two different brain profiles: negative and positive dominance (individuals showing either larger LAN or larger P600 amplitudes in ungrammatical stimuli than in grammatical ones, respectively). Interestingly, the neural pattern of these two groups diverged at different points along the time course. Thus, the negative dominance group showed grammaticality effects as early as 200 ms, along with parallel and autonomous processing of grammaticality and emotionality at the LAN/N400 time window. Instead, for the positive dominance group an early interaction was found at around 200 ms, evidencing a grammaticality effect that emerged only for unpleasant words. Our findings confirm the role of individual differences in the interplay between grammar and emotion at the neural level and call for the inclusion of this perspective in studies on syntactic processing.

Untangling the threads of motivated memory: Independent influences of reward and emotion.

Motivational and emotional influences on memory have been studied extensively; however, despite the link between these constructs, they have been studied in separate lines of research, with very little work examining their effects concurrently. The current study takes a novel approach to manipulate motivational and emotional influences orthogonally, and within the same task, to test their interplay on intentional memory formation. If emotion and reward motivation are tightly linked, they may rely on overlapping cognitive mechanisms, thus we would not expect emotion and reward to interact in memory. Alternatively, they could be distinct constructs and therefore would boost memory when both are included in the same experimental trial, above and beyond additive effects. To test these competing predictions, in Experiment 1, participants (n = 180) completed an old/new recognition memory task with emotional (negative, positive) and neutral words intentionally encoded with high or low reward anticipation cues. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 159) encoded emotional and neutral words with a high or low reward cue, but memory was tested with free recall using study-test blocks. The findings from both experiments converged. There were main effects of emotion and reward in generally hypothesized directions, but no evidence of an interaction between these factors. This is in line with the prediction that emotion and reward motivation are similar constructs. Their combination within a trial does not boost memory above and beyond either of these factors alone perhaps indicating these constructs have similar cognitive mechanisms.

Modelling Chinese EFL learners’ engagement in language MOOCs: a control-value perspective

Drawing on the control-value theory, this study attempts to examine the effects of cognitive appraisals (perceived control, intrinsic and extrinsic value) and achievement emotions (pride, anxiety, and boredom) on Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners’ engagement in LMOOCs. In doing so, several hypotheses were proposed and validated from a survey of 520 Chinese EFL undergraduates who used LMOOCs. Based on the structural equation modelling analysis, results revealed that (1) perceived control and intrinsic value had a positive and direct impact on engagement in LMOOCs; (2) perceived control and intrinsic value had a positive effect on pride and a negative effect on anxiety and boredom, while extrinsic value only had a positive impact on pride and anxiety; (3) while pride had a positive effect on engagement, boredom negatively affected engagement in LMOOCs; (4) perceived control and intrinsic value had a positive and indirect effect on engagement mediated by pride and boredom, while extrinsic value positively affected engagement in LMOOCs through pride. Implications regarding the causal relations of cognitive appraisals, achievement emotions, and engagement in LMOOCs have been discussed for further research.

Understanding impulse buying in E-commerce: The Big Five traits perspective and moderating effect of time pressure and emotions

Impulsive buying behavior is crucial for understanding the psychological dynamics of consumer purchasing in the online marketplace. Identifying antecedents and moderating factors is vital to comprehensively understanding impulsive buying behavior. This research explores the influence of the Big Five personality traits on impulsive buying behavior in e-commerce settings and investigates the moderating effects of time pressure and emotions on these relationships. Data was collected through online questionnaires from 342 Indonesian participants with e-commerce purchasing experience. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to validate the research hypotheses. The findings reveal that personality traits such as agreeableness, openness to experience, extroversion, and conscientiousness significantly drive impulsive buying behavior in e-commerce. Additionally, the study highlights that the interaction between emotions and neuroticism, as well as time pressure and agreeableness, significantly impacts impulsive buying behavior. The findings contribute valuable theoretical insights by demonstrating how specific Big Five personality traits influence impulsive buying behavior, while also providing practical implications for e-commerce platforms to effectively manage and leverage time pressure and emotional triggers to enhance consumer engagement and drive impulsive purchases.

Ageism from the perspective of older adults: A phenomenological study

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine what meaning older adults attribute to ageism and then to reach findings thereof in curriculum studies on the same topic. The study was conducted with phenomenological design. The researcher held face-to-face interviews with a total of 13 participants over the age of 65 using a semi-structured interview form and maximum variation sampling method. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data. The themes, sub-themes, and codes obtained as a result of the analysis were examined under four headings. These headings are discrimination as a concept, experiences of ageism, reactions expressed against ageism, and pattern of ageism. The results of the study showed that discriminatory attitudes and behaviors of other adults and social and biological/physiological conditions were among the factors that lead to ageism and behavioral, cognitive and emotional effects emerged when older adults were exposed to ageism. It was revealed that the older adults took measures against the effects of ageism by withdrawing from the social environment, ignoring, and being active. The results of the study were discussed in the context of disadvantaged groups, discrimination, ageism and culture literature, and inferences were made about the curriculum studies that can be carried out to raise awareness, knowledge, and skills by accepting that schools have an important role in combating ageism.

Unraveling the Nexus: Emotional Abuse, Emotional Competence, Self-concept, and Academic Achievement Among Adolescents.

This research delves into the intricate relationship between emotional abuse, emotional competence, self-concept, and academic achievement among adolescents in Kashmir, with a specific focus on gender differences. Adolescence, marked by vulnerability, witnesses the profound impact of emotional abuse on cognitive, emotional, and psychological development. A comprehensive survey involving 300 high school students reveals significant gender disparities in emotional abuse experiences, emotional competence levels, self-concept, and academic achievement. Boys are shown to be more susceptible to emotional abuse, particularly in dimensions such as rejection, terrorizing, isolation, ignoring, and corruption. Conversely, girls exhibit higher emotional competence, self-concept, and academic achievement, emphasizing the role of societal and familial dynamics. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions recognizing gender-specific nuances, aiming to mitigate emotional abuse's adverse effects and foster a conducive environment for adolescents' emotional and academic well-being. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted challenges faced by adolescents in the context of emotional well-being and academic success.

Social anxiety modulating early processing for social threat words: an ERP study

ABSTRACT Even though some recent research revealed individuals with HSA typically display enhanced processing in the early stages of emotional information processing due to hypervigilance and vulnerability to negative stimuli, it is still unclear whether social anxiety affects the time course underlying processing bias for emotional stimuli. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the early stage of processing social threat stimuli in high social anxiety (HSA) individuals by recording RTs and EEG data in the emotional Stroop task. Behavioral data showed that the HSA group responded to the threat words faster than neutral words (i.e. negative bias), but no emotional effects in the low social anxiety (LSA) group. Although the P1 component did not show any early effects, ERP data exhibited an enhanced N170 for HSA than for LSA groups. Threat words elicited larger N170 than neutral words in the LSA group only; this emotion effect was not evident in the HSA group. These findings indicated that social anxiety modulates early processing for social threat words. This study revealed the neural mechanisms underlying early emotional processing in individuals with social anxiety, providing insights for the evaluation and intervention of social anxiety.