Emergence Of Strategies Research Articles

Investment decision in crisis: The alternative view of escalation of commitment in determining investment performance

This research attempts to apply Image Theory to examine whether the tendency to continue the initial strategy or maintain the status quo known as escalation of commitment (EoC) from institutional investors leads to positive investment performance in unstable real environmental conditions with certain changing trends. In the equity market, investors are always faced with the option of maintaining their existing portfolio (initial strategy) or modifying it (generate emergent strategy) to increase assets as the goal. However, they have a tendency to EoC. Based on this situation, the authors conduct a quantitative study with covariance-based structural equation models (CB-SEM) approach one of the fund management industry in the Indonesian equity market during bearish conditions in the midst of the 2008 global economic crisis and bullish conditions during the crisis recovery as the background. This study shows that EoC is not always associated with more negative performance because it can result in more positive performance in high image compatibility state.

Rethinking Translation

The term “translation” shows up in myriad sites within and outside of academia. It is frequently used to explain processes of movement and connection between languages, places, contexts, and ideas. Despite this ubiquity, translation as a concept is undertheorized within social science academic discourse. This paper responds to this gap by epistemologically rethinking translation and arguing that translation is emergent and geographic. The practices, processes, and politics of translation, therefore, can generate conditions for social transformation, which can lead to co-liberation. With this in mind, we draw on ideas of “improvisation,” “accompaniment,” and “emergent strategy” to conceptualize our rethinking of translation. We illustrate the possibilities of our rethinking by tracing translation within and through the Race and Social Justice Initiative (RSJI) in Seattle, Washington, a municipal government-led endeavor to eliminate institutional racism and race-based disparities. Situating translation as emergent and geographic shifts attention to the ways and contexts through which possibilities for social change emerge in time and place. Thus, our theorizing of translation has broad utility for critical geographic inquiry and the specific study and praxis of local scale policy-making and governance.

Emergent marketing strategies and their influence on the Customer Value Proposition of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) businesses during Covid 19 Pandemic in Botswana

This research explores how marketing strategies have been changed to adapt to the impactful challenges of the pandemic and economic recession in Botswana's Consumer Goods (FMCG) business landscape. The research adopted an interpretivism philosophical model, an inductive research approach, mono-method wherein qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. The findings provided substantive evidence that there has been a transition in strategic marketing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Botswana retail landscape and the transition in strategies did have an influence on the customer value proposition (CVP) output of retail businesses.

Does External Debt Worsen Environmental Pollution? Evidence from Morocco

Morocco’s new development model report published in 2021 offers a renewed vision of the country's economic emergence strategy. It advocates an economic growth model that respects the environment and takes into consideration climate change challenges while promoting external debt, as one of the main economic instruments to achieve this new development pathway. This study investigates the empirical relationship between external debt and carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of environmental pollution through the environmental Kuznets theory. As Morocco has a growing external debt and relies mainly on fossil fuels, the purpose is to analyze the long-term and short-term effect of external debt on carbon dioxide emissions using an ARDL model over the period 1984-2018. The time series data was collected from World Bank. The core findings of the study confirm the existence of inverted U-shaped Kuznets curve, they also reveal that external debt has a significant negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions in Morocco.

Islands in a ‘State of Emergency’. Ionian Neutrality and Martial Law During the Greek Revolution

The British Protectorate of the Ionian Islands, and particularly Corfu, was a nodal point in maritime communications. Since its very creation under the Treaty of Paris (November 1815), it gave the British a significant advantage in terms of information gathering. When a general uprising broke out in the Greek mainland, the British authorities put the islands in a state of emergency. Strict Ionian neutrality was declared and harsh measures were justified, which aimed to maintain ‘public tranquility’ and to secure the islanders from any revolutionary ideas coming from the mainland. The implications of this neutrality are little studied, perhaps because of the perceived peripheral role of the Ionian Islands in the Greek struggle. Yet, as this paper shows, the islands were deeply affected by developments taking place in the mainland, such as the rebellion of Ali Pasha of Ioannina between 1819 and 1822, when the British increased military presence in the region. Instead of discouraging the ties between the islanders and the Greek Revolution as intended, British reactions produced the opposite result. They further alienated the Anglo-Ionian state from the Ionian society. The present article analyses how British officials utilized disproportionate fears over the spread of revolutionary ideas in the islands, as well as military escalation in the region, to impose harsh measures on the islands and to ‘normalize’ emergency strategies. It builds upon relevant literature not only on the movement of information in the Mediterranean, but also on British policy over the so-called ‘Greek Question’.

University students’ perceptions of remote laboratory courses necessitated by COVID-19: differences in emergent teaching strategies at a Korean university

University students’ perceptions of remote laboratory courses necessitated by COVID-19: differences in emergent teaching strategies at a Korean university

Gender mainstreaming 2.0: emergent gender equality agendas under Sustainable Development Goals

Global governance frameworks have been largely ineffective at advancing gender equality through development cooperation. Gender mainstreaming, understood as a dual strategy comprising initiatives directly targeting gender equality objectives and integrating gender equality agendas across all other areas of policy and practice, remains limited. Based on insight from over 180 development specialists across the multilateral and national contexts of Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, this article situates the unachieved agenda of gender mainstreaming in the broader legitimacy crisis of global development. Traditional gender mainstreaming approaches are critiqued as insufficiently oriented towards the broader paradigm shift of global development that gender equality agendas require. Gender equality advocates are, therefore, increasingly leveraging the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Agenda 2030) as a tool for their broader sector contestation. Through new policy arenas for nationally led development planning and coordination, Agenda 2030 enables cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder exchange in which gender equality advocates engage as more legitimised actors navigating and strategically challenging traditional paradigms of global development. Dubbed gender mainstreaming 2.0, this emergent strategy is embedded in and contributes to new paradigms of global cooperation that valorise local gender expertise and national ownership.

A Community-engaged Approach to Research Translation: The CIPHERS Project.

Translating research to support practice is becoming a more prominent goal in the scientific community. However, further innovation and research is needed on effective approaches to this endeavor. This case study describes an approach that combines the insights of diffusion of innovation theory with the philosophy and practices of community engagement. Elements of our approach included staged dissemination, iterative active engagement, multi-pronged and tailored messaging, use of networks, contextualization of study findings, and emergent strategy. Our work proceeded in five stages, from laying the groundwork to deepened partnership. Our experience illustrates the challenges and confirms the benefits of a community engaged, partnered, and non-linear approach to research translation aimed at improving public health.

Research and policy recommendations from the SOTA XVI: State of the Art Conference on VA Emergency Medicine.

To better understand and prioritize research on emergency care for Veterans, the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development convened the 16th State of the Art Conference on VA Emergency Medicine (SAVE) in Winter 2022 with emergency clinicians, researchers, operational leaders, and additional stakeholders in attendance. Three specific areas of focus were identified including older Veterans, Veterans with mental health needs, and emergency care in the community (non-VA) settings. Among older Veterans, identified priorities included examination of variation in care and its impact on patient outcomes, utilization, and costs; quality of emergency department (ED) care transitions and strategies to improve them; impact of geriatric ED care improvement initiatives; and use of geriatric assessment tools in the ED. For Veterans with mental health needs, priorities included enhancing the reach of effective, multicomponent suicide prevention interventions; development and evaluation of interventions to manage substance use disorders; and identifying and examining safety and effective acute psychosis practices. Community (non-VA) emergency care priorities included examining changes in patterns of use and costs in VA and the community care settings as a result of recent policy and coverage changes (with an emphasis on modifiable factors); understanding quality, safety, and Veteran experience differences between VA and community settings; and better understanding follow-up needs among Veterans who received emergency care (or urgent care) and how well those needs are being coordinated, communicated, and met. Beyond these three groups, cross-cutting themes included the use of telehealth and implementation science to refine multicomponent interventions, care coordination, and data needs from both VA and non-VA sources. Findings from this conference will be disseminated through multiple mechanisms and contribute to future funding applications focused on improving Veteran health.

Nocturnal emergence facilitated by thermally-induced hatching in the Chinese softshell turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis.

The coincidence of hatching and emergence events with favorable conditions is crucial for turtle survival. Nocturnal emergence has been widely documented across marine and freshwater turtles, and has long been suggested as an adaptive behavior that reduces risks of heat stress and predation. To our knowledge, however, studies related to nocturnal emergence have mainly focused on the post-hatching behaviors of turtles, and very few experimental studies have been performed to investigate the effects of hatching time on the distribution of emergence times over the course of a day. Here, we visually monitored the activity of the Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)-a shallow-nesting freshwater turtle-from hatching to emergence. Our study provides evidence for the novel finding that (i) the timing of synchronous hatching events in P.sinensis coincides with the time of day when nest temperatures decrease, (ii) the synchrony between hatching and emergence may further facilitate their nocturnal emergence, and (iii) synchronous behaviors of hatchlings in the nest may be effective in reducing the risk of hatchling predation, and predation is more likely to occur in the asynchronous hatching groups. This study suggests that the hatching of shallow-nesting P.sinensis in response to temperature changes in the nest might be an adaptive nocturnal emergence strategy.

Emergent Strategies for Catalytic Enantioselective Direct Thiocyanation and Selenocyanation Reactions

Abstract

From cell size and first principles to structure and function of unicellular plankton communities

Here we review, synthesize, and analyse the size-based approach to model unicellular plankton cells and communities. We first review how cell size influences processes of the individual the cell: uptake of dissolved nutrients and dissolved organic carbon, phototrophy, phagotrophy, and metabolism. We parameterize processes primarily from first principles, using a synthesis of existing data only when needed, and show how these processes determine minimum and maximum cell size and limiting resource concentrations. The cell level processes scale directly up to the structure and function of the entire unicellular plankton ecosystem, from heterotrophic bacteria to zooplankton. Community structure is described by the size spectrum and by the emergent trophic strategies. We develop an analytical approximate solution of the size spectrum and show how the trophic strategies of osmotrophy, light- and nutrient-limited phototrophy, mixotrophy, and pure phagotrophy depend on the resource environment. We further develop expressions to quantify the functions of the plankton community: production, respiration, and carbon available to production of higher trophic levels, and show how the plankton community responds to changes in temperature and grazing from higher trophic levels. We finally discuss strengths and limitations of size-based representations of plankton communities and which additional trait axes will improve the description of plankton functional diversity.

Restructuring Lessons from the Covid Pandemic: Bail-Out vs. Market Approach

Bail-out, bail-in, or restructuring? In this article, we argue that restructuring has its rightful place in macro crises, such as the Covid pandemic. A policy that primarily focuses on insolvency avoidance and bail-outs is misled as it creates unwanted risk incentives, distorts market selection and resource allocation, and reduces beneficial transformative pressure. As a crisis typically goes hand in hand with new and fundamental developments, the changing environment should be met by competitive innovation. Bail-outs which tend to preserve the status-quo may be justified as part of a comprehensive emergency strategy and to overcome temporary market dysfunction. Such a response strategy, however should always be designed in concert with restructuring options. We propose amendments to the German insolvency and restructuring laws to address the shortcomings of restructuring/insolvency uncovered during the Covid pandemic. The goal is to improve the restructuring/insolvency regime so that it can better deal with the specific challenges of macro crises.

Spring emergence and canopy development strategies in miscanthus hybrids in Mediterranean, continental and maritime European climates

AbstractDue to its versatility and storability, biomass is an important resource for renewable materials and energy. Miscanthus hybrids combine high yield potential, low input demand, tolerance of certain marginal land types and several ecosystem benefits. To date, miscanthus breeding has focussed on increasing yield potential by maximising radiation interception through: (1) selection for early emergence, (2) increasing the growth rate to reach canopy closure as fast as possible, and (3) delayed flowering and senescence. The objective of this study is to compare early season re‐growth in miscanthus hybrids cultivated across Europe. Determination of differences in early canopy development on end‐of‐year yield traits is required to provide information for breeding decisions to improve future crop performance. For this purpose, a trial was planted with four miscanthus hybrids (two novel seed‐based hybrids M. sinensis × sinensis [M sin × sin] and M. sacchariflorus × sinensis [M sac × sin], a novel rhizome‐based M sac × sin and a standard Miscanthus × giganteus [M × g] clone) in the UK, Germany, Croatia and Italy, and was monitored in the third and fourth growing season. We determined differences between the hybrids in base temperature, frost sensitivity and emergence strategy. M × g and M sac × sin mainly emerged from belowground plant organs, producing fewer but thicker shoots at the beginning of the growing season but these shoots were susceptible to air frosts (determined by recording 0°C 2 m above ground surface). By contrast, M sin × sin emerged 10 days earlier, avoiding damage by late spring frosts and producing a high number of thinner shoots from aboveground shoots. Therefore, we recommend cultivating M sac × sin at locations with low risk and M sin × sin at locations with higher risk of late spring frosts. Selecting miscanthus hybrids that produce shoots throughout the vegetation period is an effective strategy to limit the risk of late frost damage and avoid reduction in yield from a shortened growing season.

Evaluating Emergent Coordination in Multi-Agent Task Allocation Through Causal Inference and Sub-Team Identification

Coordination in multi-agent systems is a vital component in teaming effectiveness. In dynamically changing situations, agent decisions depict emergent coordination strategies from following pre-defined rules to exploiting incentive-driven policies. While multi-agent reinforcement learning shapes team behaviors from experience, interpreting learned coordination strategies offers benefits in understanding complex agent dynamics and further improvement in developing adaptive strategies for evolving and unexpected situations. In this work, we develop an approach to quantitatively measure team coordination by collecting decision time series data, detecting causality between agents, and identifying statistically high coordinated sub-teams in decentralized multi-agent task allocation operations. We focus on multi-agent systems with homogeneous agents and homogeneous tasks as the strategy formation is more ambiguous and challenging than heterogeneous teams with specialized capabilities. Emergent team coordination is then analyzed using rule-based and reinforcement learning-based strategies for task allocation in operations at different demand stages (stress) levels. We also investigate correlation vs. causation and agent over- or under-estimating demand levels.

Genetic approaches to exploit landraces for improvement of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in the age of climate change.

Addressing the challenges of climate change and durum wheat production is becoming an important driver for food and nutrition security in the Mediterranean area, where are located the major producing countries (Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, and Syria). One of the emergent strategies, to cope with durum wheat adaptation, is the exploration and exploitation of the existing genetic variability in landrace populations. In this context, this review aims to highlight the important role of durum wheat landraces as a useful genetic resource to improve the sustainability of Mediterranean agroecosystems, with a focus on adaptation to environmental stresses. We described the most recent molecular techniques and statistical approaches suitable for the identification of beneficial genes/alleles related to the most important traits in landraces and the development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. Finally, we outline the state of the art about landraces genetic diversity and signature of selection, already identified from these accessions, for adaptability to the environment.

The emergence of a value transformation strategic initiative in the healthcare context.

How do strategic initiatives emerge? Despite rich tradition in the emergent strategy literature-focused on significant organizational change-surprisingly little insight exists on the dynamics of a new initiative's emergence. This is particularly relevant in healthcare because of the increasing pressure to implement value transformation models focused on maximizing value at the point of care. The value transformation model prioritizes the decisions of the frontline providers and thus requires their expertise and commitment for the model's implementation and success. In our case study of a dental organization, "OptiPlex," we trace the emergence of a value transformation strategic initiative from its origination at the point of care to its formalization into the organization's strategic plan. Using qualitative methods, we identify three phases in the emergence of the value transformation strategic initiative, each embodying different championing behaviors necessary for the initiative's emergence. In doing so, we explicate the nature of these behaviors and how they link up across the organizational hierarchy to drive the value transformation strategic initiative's emergence and implementation.

МЕТОДЫ АНАЛИЗА ФОРМАЛИЗОВАННОЙ И ВОЗНИКАЮЩЕЙ СТРАТЕГИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

The main aim of this research is to identify the differences between a deliberate security strategy and an emergent one. The objective of the study is to demonstrate these differences 112using the case of an energy security strategy, to determine the main reasons for deviations and to formulate a methodological apparatus for assessing strategic documents. To explore an emergent energy security strategy (as a set of actions by decision makers), the authors suggest to make the analysis the events mentioned in the media (press events) and the amendments to legislation (real actions of decision makers in response to external challenges and threats) made in accordance with actual national security objectives. The authors monitor press events based on keywords that identify the main energy security objectives in accordance with the relevant legal and regulatory framework. In order to test the hypothesis related to legislation, amendments authors disclose the correlation between the selected indicators using a model of linear regression with one regressor. The study distinguishes the differences between deliberate and emergent energy security strategies; analyses legislative amendments that reflect the real efforts of the authorities; in addition, the study analyses legislative amendments aimed at ensuring security; distinguishes the differences between a deliberate strategy and the actual actions of the authorities in the legislative sphere; formulates provisions for an emergent strategy reflecting the real actions and interests of the authorities. The authors reflect the reasons for the differences between deliberate and emergent strategies. The authors build a hierarchy of objectives for an emergent strategy that defines the actual priorities for energy security: domestic economic security, external economic security, tax security, environmental safety. Empirical application of methodological approaches to identifying differences between deliberate and emergent strategies is relevant for participants in investment processes (enterprises and entrepreneurs) as well as for the legitimately elected authorities, with a view to properly reflecting strategic course of actions in official documents in order to ensure the stability of the internal and external political situation.

Passenger flow analysis and emergency response simulation in a metro network using virus transmission model

ObjectivesThe potential virus in transportation facilities poses a serious risk to travelers. This research focus on the commuting by metro on the risk of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The main purpose is to explore the trajectory of virus transmission and the effectiveness of various control measures. MethodsA transmission model was established on the basis of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, combined with the spatial and temporal characteristics of the metro passenger flow. The implementation effects of the emergency strategies were analyzed through a series of simulation experiments. The changes in passenger flow affected by the virus transmission were analyzed both under the single intervention condition of the disinfection or off-peak travel policy and their double interventions. ResultsThe results of the experiments show that disinfection and off-peak travel can effectively reduce the number of the infected people. To promote the disinfection is better than the off-peak travel strategy. The optimal solution is the combination of these two strategies, thereby reducing the infection rate in the stations effectively. In particular, it can reduce the number of potential infected people in high-traffic stations by 50%. ConclusionsThis study provides a scientific basis for the prevention of COVID-19 in the urban transportation system and the formulation of public emergency strategies. It can also be applied to other epidemic diseases such as the seasonal flu, for public health prevention.

Cross and Crown™: Trademarks and the Legal Naming of American Religions

ABSTRACTCan religious organizations use American trademark law to assert control over the name of a religion? Further, what is the relationship between a religious organization as guarantor of fundamental spiritual truths and the signs by which it is known? To answer these questions, this article traces the history and role of trademarks in American religion with a focus on Christian Science's faith-branding strategy. This narrative explores the religious use of trademarks as an emergent strategy in the early twentieth century to manage religious practice through brand management and trademark law. Using a combination of archival research and legal analysis, this article explores legal debates about the place of trademarks in American religion followed by a close analysis of the Church of Christ, Scientist—an American religious organization “discovered and founded” by Mary Baker Eddy in the late nineteenth century—which is exemplary in the way it strategically utilized branding and marking strategies as a means of distinguishing Christian Science within a diverse marketplace of competing turn-of-the-century spiritual practices. This article argues that religious trademarks, while controversial, can be used to secure legal authority over licensed Churches, teachings, and materials in lieu of established Church hierarchy. This article interrogates the nature and origins of religious trademark strategies to demonstrate that religious organizations like the Church of Christ, Scientist could operate as particularly savvy users of the law to establish spiritual authority via control of the religious name.