Emergence Of Strategies Research Articles

AI-Based Supply Chain Risk Management

As the complexity of global supply chains increases, supply chain risk management becomes increasingly important. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides new tools and methods for managing supply chain risks. This paper aims to review the application of AI in supply chain risk management, exploring current research progress, challenges, and future development trends. Through a systematic literature search and analysis, this paper examines relevant papers from databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, EI, and Scopus, discussing the specific applications of machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, and evolutionary algorithms in supply chain risk management. The study finds that these AI technologies demonstrate significant advantages in risk prediction, anomaly detection, image recognition, text mining, supply chain optimization, and emergency strategy formulation. However, issues related to data privacy and security, technical complexity, and implementation difficulties remain major challenges in current applications. In the future, as AI technology advances and interdisciplinary integration develops, supply chain risk management will have more opportunities. This study provides specific application suggestions for enterprises and decision-makers and points the way for future research.

Enacting an Emergent Strategy: Building Resilient Community Partnerships Through Symbiotic Adaptation

Enacting an Emergent Strategy: Building Resilient Community Partnerships Through Symbiotic Adaptation

Comparing Computer-Assisted and Teacher-Led Instruction for Teaching Emergent Literacy Skills to Chinese Preschoolers With Autism

Emergent literacy skills are critical for future reading development, but children with autism commonly struggle with these skills. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is increasingly utilized to enhance literacy skills in these children, yet research on the relative efficacy of CAI and traditional teacher-led instruction (TLI) for these children has yielded inconsistent findings. The varied implementation of CAI and TLI has further complicated efforts to determine their relative efficacy. This study combined a multiple probe and multitreatment design to compare the efficacy of CAI and TLI, incorporating consistent instructional strategies, in teaching Chinese emergent literacy skills to three preschoolers with autism. Results showed significant progress in emergent literacy skills for all children. Computer-assisted instruction slightly outperformed TLI in overall emergent literacy scores and character application scores, while differences in pronunciation-form-meaning were minimal. Recommendations are proposed to enhance CAI and emergent literacy intervention strategies for children with autism.

Abstract 4126581: COVID-19 Impacted Septal Reduction Therapies in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on emergent and elective treatment strategies in patients with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on septal reduction therapy (SRT) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: National Inpatient Sample 2019-2021 was queried to identify patients with HCM and SRT using appropriate ICD codes. Temporal trends for SRT were obtained before and after COVID-19 outset. Results: There was a significant decline in the number of SRT from 2019 to 2020 (1505 vs. 1180, p<0.001) with partial recovery in 2021 (1250 vs. 1180, p<0.001). Geographic differences existed with differential decrease in number of SM in midwestern and Western Unites States. In addition, the proportion of patients who underwent surgical myectomy (SM) decreased in 2020 (44.6 vs. 48.7%, p=0.008) in favor of alcohol septal ablation (ASA). Patients undergoing SRT in 2020 had higher prevalence of heart failure (39.5 vs. 29%, p=0.002). In-hospital complication rates for cardiogenic shock, bleeding requiring transfusion, acute kidney injury and admission to the critical care unit were higher in 2020 compared to 2019. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was not significantly different however there was an overall increase in LOS in septal myectomy group from 2019 to 2021 (9.1 vs. 10 days, p=0.028). The overall proportion of comorbidities and other in-hospital complications remain unchanged during this study period. Conclusions: Our data indicates that COVID-19 resulted in a significant decrease in total number of SRTs and a shift from surgical to percutaneous septal reduction therapy. Partial recovery of procedure numbers were noted in the year following the pandemic outset.

Pivoting B2B Platform Business Models: From Platform Experimentation to Multi-Platform Integration to Ecosystem Envelopment

The landscape of digital servitization in the manufacturing sector is evolving, marked by a strategic shift from traditional product-centric to platform business models (BMs). Manufacturing firms often employ a blend of approaches to develop business-to-business (B2B) platforms, leading to significant reconfigurations in their BMs. However, manufacturing firms frequently encounter failures in their B2B platform development initiatives, leading them to abandon the initial efforts and/or pivot to alternative platform strategies. Therefore, this study, through an in-depth case study of a leading wind turbine manufacturer, articulates a three-phase pivoting framework for B2B platform BMs with corresponding platform development and strategic orientation. Initially, a manufacturer focused on asset-based product sales, supplemented by asset maintenance services, follows an emergent platformization strategy, characterized by the rise of multiple, independent B2B platforms catering to diverse functions. Next, focusing on the imposed customer journey strategy, the firm shifts towards an imposed and strategic multi-platform integration into an all-encompassing platform supported by artificial intelligence (AI), signaling a maturation of the platform BM to combine the wide range services into an energy-performance-based contract. Finally, the last step of the firm’s platform BM evolution consists of a deliberate open platform strategy to external stakeholders and enveloping its offerings in a broader platform ecosystem. The study showcases advanced AI applications that process wind farm, wind turbine, and blade data, signifying a transformative leap toward value capture via platform ecosystem. The paper advances B2B platform BMs and digital servitization literature, highlighting a progressive approach's efficacy and strategic pivoting.

State of the ART (antiretroviral therapy): Long-acting HIV-1 therapeutics.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) impacts millions of individuals worldwide, and well over 2/3 of those living with HIV are accessing antiviral therapies that are successfully repressing viral replication. Most often, HIV treatments and prevention are administered in the form of daily pills as combinations of multiple drugs. An emergent and effective strategy for suppressing viral replication is the application of long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LAART), or antivirals that require less-frequent, non-daily doses. Thus far, the repertoire of LAARTs includes the widely used antiviral classes of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and has recently expanded to include a capsid-targeting antiviral. Possible future additions are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitors (NRTTIs). Here, we discuss the different strategies of using long-acting compounds to treat or prevent HIV-1 infection by targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and capsid.

A metamodel for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the modeling of loss of life due to dam failures

ABSTRACT Estimating the loss of life resulting from dam failures is required for devising emergency action plans and strategies for alert issuance and evacuation. However, current models for simulating fatalities are computationally expensive, forced by highly uncertain variables, and not readily interpretable, which may limit their use in engineering and research. For circumventing these problems, we utilize the polynomial chaos expansion technique (PCE) for approximating the loss of life as obtained from the agent-based model LifeSim and propagating uncertainty of inputs, namely, alerted population, mobilized population, alert issuance, and hazard identification, to the model responses. We also benefit from the PCE spectral representation for assessing the effects of each input in the loss of life associated with the dam failure in an urban area in Brazil, considering efficient and inefficient scenarios for alert and evacuation. The PCE error ranged from 10–3 to 10–2, and the mean squared error between the metamodel output and LifeSim was between two fatalities. In global sensitivity analysis, the variables alert issuance and hazard identification contributed the most to the number of fatalities. These findings provide objective guidelines for implementing more effective safety measures, potentially reducing loss of life resulting from a dam break in the study area.

Moderated mediation role of trust in authorities by the Kahramanmaras earthquake survivors

ABSTRACT This article examines the moderated mediation role of trust in authorities in the direct and indirect effects of earthquake exposure on psychological distress symptoms (depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms) through somatic fear (sleep loss and increased heart rates). Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to collect survey data from 552 adult participants (221 men, 331 women) living in the earthquake zone. The independent variable is earthquake exposure, the mediating variable is somatic fear, and the moderating variable is trust in authorities (emergency plans and strategies, government policies, and media information). Factor analysis using structural equation modelling confirmed one factor for fear of earthquake and trust in authorities and three factors for symptoms of psychological distress. Regression results showed that disaster survivors had low trust in authorities in Turkiye. Mediation and moderated mediation results based on the bootstrap method showed that somatic fear mediated the effect of earthquake exposure on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress symptoms, and trust in authorities moderated the indirect effects of earthquake exposure on stress symptoms through somatic fear. Increased trust in authorities in Turkiye would alleviate psychological distress symptoms among the Kahramanmaras earthquake survivors.

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Poultry Sources in China.

Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen, of which poultry products are important reservoirs. This study analyzed the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of Salmonella from broiler and laying hen sources in China. A total of 138 (12.27%) strains of Salmonella were isolated from 1125 samples from broiler slaughterhouses (20.66%, 44/213), broiler farms (18.21%, 55/302), and laying hen farms (6.39%, 39/610). Multiplex PCR was used to identify the serotypes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to a set of 21 antibiotics was performed and all strains were screened by PCR for 24 selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In addition, 24 strains of Salmonella were screened out by whole-genome sequencing together with 65 released Salmonella genomes to evaluate phylogenetic characteristics, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and plasmid carriage percentages. A total of 11 different serotypes were identified, with the dominance of S. Enteritidis (43/138, 31.16%), S. Newport (30/138, 21.74%), and S. Indiana (19/138, 13.77%). The results showed that S. Enteritidis (34.34%, 34/99) and S. Newport (51.28%, 20/39) were the dominant serotypes of isolates from broilers and laying hens, respectively. The 138 isolates showed the highest resistance to sulfisoxazole (SXZ, 100%), nalidixic acid (NAL, 54.35%), tetracycline (TET, 47.83%), streptomycin (STR, 39.86%), ampicillin (AMP, 39.13%), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 30.43%), while all the strains were sensitive to both tigacycline (TIG) and colistin (COL). A total of 45.65% (63/138) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, and most of them (61/63, 96.83%) were from broiler sources. The results of PCR assays revealed that 63.77% of the isolates were carrying the quinolone resistance gene qnrD, followed by gyrB (58.70%) and the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA12 (52.17%). Moreover, a total of thirty-four ARGs, eighty-nine virulence genes, and eight plasmid replicons were detected in the twenty-four screened Salmonella strains, among which S. Indiana was detected to carry the most ARGs and the fewest plasmid replicons and virulence genes compared to the other serotypes. This study revealed a high percentage of multidrug-resistant Salmonella from poultry sources, stressing the importance of continuous monitoring of Salmonella serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in the poultry chain, and emergency strategies should be implemented to address this problem.

State Analysis and Emergency Control of Planetary Rover with Faulty Drive Wheel

Wheel failure is one of the worst problems for a planetary rover working on Mars or the Moon, which may lead to the interruption of the exploration mission and even the loss of mobility. In this study, a driving test of a planetary rover prototype with a faulty drive wheel was conducted, and state analysis and dynamics modeling were carried out. The drag motion relationship between the faulty drive wheel and the normal wheels on the same suspension was established based on the targeted single wheel test (faulty wheel-soil bin). In order to maintain the subsequent basic detection capability of the planetary rover, an emergency control system is proposed that integrates the path planning strategy with faulty wheel priority and the motion control method of correcting heading and coordinating allocation. The experimental results and emergency strategies of this study on simulating Martian soil and terrain can provide researchers with ideas to solve such problems.

Impact of Unconditional Support to Reduce Food Insecurity During the Pandemic of Covid 19

Vulnerable populations are always highly affected by any disaster. They have deficient coping capacity as they depend on daily income activities and need a diversified source of income. So, those people are highly impacted by any disease. The result of such a disaster may lead to food insecurity. Methods: For the survey, 1,598 people who got unconditional support were under consideration. Out of the total population, 317 samples were surveyed using proportionate random sampling for the study. The research methodology is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a Pretest-Posttest Design. A smart survey through KOBO tools was done using trained local enumerators. Data collected through the survey was downloaded to Excel and analysed using Excel. Results: Cereals (99%) was the most consumed food type, while white tuber and root (2.2%) were the least consumed. Food consumed in four or more types increased from 42% to 87%. Livelihood Coping Strategies indicator (L-CSI) was used as a descriptor of a household’s coping capacity alongside the R-CSI. The responses were categorized into stress, crisis, and emergency strategies. The number of HHs under the crisis category reduced from 15.4% to 4.1%. Similarly, the number of households under the Emergency category reduced from 12.3% to 3.8%, and the number of crises reduced from 58.2 % to 6.8% Conclusion: The study showed from the calculation R-CS that conditional support of the vulnerable people increased by nearly one-third (35%) within a month of support and helped them with coping strategies.

Primary breast lymphoma mimicking triple-negative breast cancer: a case report with clinical and pathological implications

BackgroundPrimary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma, the diagnostic process for which presents significant challenges owing to an overlap in clinical and pathological features with those observed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the current literature reveals a paucity of information regarding the ramifications of potential diagnostic errors, particularly in the context of emergent therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Thus, we present a unique report of a case of PBL.Case presentationA 76-year-old female with no past medical or family history presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of a mass in the right breast. Two masses were palpated in the right breast: one 56 mm mass (No. 1) located at 10 o'clock, and a 21 mm large, elastic, hard mass (No. 2) at 4 o'clock. Needle biopsy was performed only on the larger 56 mm mass (No. 1). The results showed invasive carcinoma that was negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. The preoperative diagnosis was right breast cancer (T3N0M0 Stage IIB) of the TNBC subtype. The patient refused the preoperative chemotherapy recommended by the treatment team; therefore, right breast mastectomy and sentinel lymph-node biopsy were performed instead. The histopathological diagnosis of the first mass was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); that of the second mass (No. 2) was an invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Postoperative treatment consisted of endocrine therapy (letrozole) for breast cancer, while the DLBCL was treated with chemotherapy and three courses of intrathecal chemotherapy. At the time of this report, the patient is still living, and neither tumor had recurred in the 2 years following surgery.ConclusionsOn rare occasions, PBL can preoperatively mimic TNBC. While this case did not lead to serious consequences, because surgery was eventually selected as the first therapy, clinicians should be aware that the diagnosis of PBL is challenging using only a core-needle biopsy and can often be misdiagnosed as TNBC.

Silicon, An Emergent Strategy to Lighten the Effects of (A)Biotic Stresses on Crops: A Review

ABSTRACTSilicon (Si) has emerged as a pivotal element influencing various aspects of plant growth and development. This review explores the multifaceted effects of Si on plants, encompassing both biotic and abiotic dimensions. Si, primarily absorbed by plants in the form of orthosilicic acid, demonstrates a diverse range of roles in enhancing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Biotic stresses, including pathogen attacks and insect infestations, are notably mitigated by the deposition of Si in plant tissues, fortifying cell walls and triggering defence mechanisms. Furthermore, Si plays a crucial role in alleviating abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and metal toxicity, imparting resilience to plants in challenging environments. The interaction between Si and plant physiology involves intricate mechanisms, impacting nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and hormonal regulation. As research in this field advances, a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced effects of Si on plants emerges, paving the way for innovative agricultural practices and the development of stress‐resistant crop varieties. This review delves into the contemporary knowledge surrounding the effects of Si on plants, underscoring its significance in promoting plant resilience and sustainable agriculture.

Agile work and gender gap in Italy. An empirical sociological study on downsides and future scenarios

AbstractThe article discusses an empirical study on agile work (remote working) in Italy, with a sociological perspective. As is well known, the COVID‐19 pandemic shock has led to a significant increase in the attention paid to this issue, as long as it has “forced” millions of people to experience this kind of work. This great social experimentation has also triggered a reconsideration of important concepts of everyday life such as those of time and space, among many others. Starting from this preliminary assumption, a national empirical study on agile work was conducted at the Department of Human Sciences at the Italian University of L’Aquila resorting to a qualitative approach. The research was achieved by conducting 64 in‐depth interviews with women across the country, highlighting and exploring the multiple critical elements and strengths of the agile work experience from March 2020 lockdown to September 2021. It is clear from the research that emergency strategies on the topic of agile working are not adequate: a paradigm shift is needed.

“Akili zetu ziwe moja / Let our minds be one”: Emergent strategy for adapting to seafood insecurity in coastal Kenyan fishing communities

Small-scale fisheries provide food sovereignty and capital for millions globally. However, coastal Kenyan communities who harvest reef fishery resources are often still food insecure, especially due to the detrimental effects of climate change and overfishing in their communities. This study aims to understand the environmental perceptions and priorities of fishing families in Kilifi County, Kenya, and how these relate to both food security and sustainable development policy. We rely on qualitative methods including interviews with household caregivers from 42 fishing families to provide insights not only on fishery sustainability but also on the additional aspects of reproductive labor related to fish food security, including the food securing aspects of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. Our findings highlight the complex challenges that environmental change places on families in this situation: lack of fish availability, seasonal food inaccessibility, shifting baselines, and experiences of loss in the food system are markedly a prevalent result. Despite these struggles, we see emergent strategies to address food needs unfold in a variety of resilient and opportunistic ways, including adaptation, trust, and multimodal networks of support. Further policy support must be given to communities to practice food sovereignty in their own contexts, especially as climate changes continue and these strategies become salient adaptive practices elsewhere.

Viral plasticity facilitates host diversity in challenging environments

The antagonistic coevolution of microbes and viruses influences fundamentally the diversity of microbial communities. Information on how environmental variables interact with emergent defense-counterdefense strategies and community composition is, however, still scarce. Following biological intuition, diversity should increase with improved growth conditions, which offset evolutionary costs; however, laboratory and regional data suggest that microbial diversity decreases in nutrient-rich conditions. Moreover, global oceanic data show that microbial and viral diversity decline for high latitudes, although the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This article addresses these gaps by introducing an eco-evolutionary model for bacteria-virus antagonistic coevolution. The theory presented here harmonizes the observations above and identifies negative density dependence and viral plasticity (dependence of virus performance on host physiological state) as key drivers: environmental conditions selecting for slow host growth also limit viral performance, facilitating the survival of a diverse host community; host diversity, in turn, enables viral portfolio effects and bet-hedging strategies that sustain viral diversity. From marine microbes to phage therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria or cancer cells, the ubiquity of antagonistic coevolution highlights the need to consider eco-evolutionary interactions across a gradient of growth conditions.

STEP-organizing a major project to tackle significant uncertainty.

This article describes why Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) has been launched, what it aims to achieve (benefits) and, principally, how the whole programme will be delivered (strategy). The article draws on the work of major project delivery and organization design (OD) and applies this to the context of STEP, which is dominated by significant uncertainty in all dimensions (technical, financial, commercial and programmatic), where there is embryonic delivery capability, but where there are also global-scale opportunities. This leads to an approach based on securing and organizing the correct capability from both public and private sectors to work in a collaborative arrangement with a single purpose and, critically, in an operating model designed to manage uncertainty and emerging risks and to exploit opportunities. Placing adaptability at the core of the OD, particularly the ability to deliver emergent strategy through guided empowerment in pursuit of an ambitious aim, is a further development beyond much of the current thinking in major projects. The article concludes with an appendix that translates that programme approach into principles for managing the engineering design work.This article is part of the theme issue 'Delivering Fusion Energy - The Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)'.

Syphilis testing, incidence, and reinfection among gay and bisexual men in Australia over a decade spanning HIV PrEP implementation: an analysis of surveillance data from 2012 to 2022

Gay and bisexual men (GBM) remain overrepresented among syphilis diagnoses in Australia and globally. The extent to which changes in sexual networks associated with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment as prevention (TasP) may have influenced syphilis transmission among GBM at the population-level is poorly understood. We describe trends in syphilis testing and incidence among GBM in Australia over eleven years spanning widespread uptake of HIV PrEP and TasP. We analysed linked clinical data from GBM aged 16 years or older across a sentinel surveillance network in Australia from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. Individuals with at least two clinic visits and with at least two syphilis tests during the observations period were included in testing and incidence analyses, respectively. Annual rates of testing and infectious syphilis incidence from 2012 to 2022 were disaggregated by HIV status and PrEP use (record of PrEP prescription; retrospectively categorised as ever or never-PrEP user). Cox regression explored associations between demographics, PrEP use and history of bacterial sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and infectious syphilis diagnosis. Among 129,278 GBM (mean age, 34.6 years [SD, 12.2]) included in testing rate analyses, 7.4% were living with HIV at entry and 31.1% were prescribed PrEP at least once during the study period. Overall syphilis testing rate was 114.0/100 person-years (py) and highest among GBM with HIV (168.4/100 py). Syphilis testing increased from 72.8/100 py to 151.8/100 py; driven largely by increases among ever-PrEP users. Among 94,710 GBM included in incidence analyses, there were 14,710 syphilis infections diagnosed over 451,560 person-years (incidence rate=3.3/100 py). Syphilis incidence was highest among GBM with HIV (6.5/100 py), followed by ever-PrEP users (3.5/100 py) and never-PrEP users (1.4/100 py). From 2012 to 2022, syphilis incidence increased among ever-PrEP users from 1.3/100 py to 5.1/100 py, and fluctuated between 5.4/100 py and 6.6/100 py among GBM with HIV. In multivariable Cox regression, previous syphilis diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.98, 95% CI=1.83-2.14), living with HIV (aHR=1.83, 95% CI=1.12-1.25) and recent (past 12m) prescription of PrEP (aHR=1.78, 95% CI=1.61-1.97) were associated with syphilis diagnosis. Syphilis trends between GBM with HIV and GBM with evidence of PrEP use have converged over the past decade in Australia. Our findings recommend targeting emergent syphilis control strategies (e.g. doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis) to GBM with prior syphilis diagnoses, using HIV PrEP or who are living with HIV. Australian Department of Health and Aged Care, National Health and Medical Research Council.

Emergence and Growth Strategy of Entrepreneurial Firms: Evidence Based on Large-Scale Data

Emergence and Growth Strategy of Entrepreneurial Firms: Evidence Based on Large-Scale Data

Pharmaceutical Communication Strategies for Increasing Marketing Outreach During Covid 19 Pandemic

COVID-19 virus proved to be very contagious resulting in a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), posing overall public health system and governance challenges. Amid the pandemic period and the unprecedented increase in healthcare demands, pharmacy services are an important mainstay to combat the COVID-19 virus pandemic. However, not all pharmacies have inventive and adaptive pharmacist practices, particularly pharmacists working in rural areas. In the present article, we observed how pharmaceutical swiftly acted response in to marketing during the COVID-19 period. The populations of focus were employees in marketing divisions with an emphasis on product sales. The data were obtained through in depth interviews and documentative observations. The findings showed, that the communication transition from offline to online is the emergent strategy followed by establishing and promoting remote pharmacy services. The information and suggestions offered in this manuscript could help in the restructuring of existing pharmacy services by governments, public health bodies, and policymakers in response to a pandemic.