Emergency Situations Research Articles

Influence of the Presence of Other People on Performing Rescue Actions in Emergency Situations ― A Questionnaire Survey ―

Influence of the Presence of Other People on Performing Rescue Actions in Emergency Situations ― A Questionnaire Survey ―

“It’s Like Having a Map”: An Exploration of Participating Pet Owners’ Expectations of Using Telemedicine to Access Emergency Veterinary Care

(1) Background: Telemedicine is increasingly recognized as a potential way to help overcome barriers to accessing veterinary care. This study explored pet owners’ perspectives on telemedicine services in situation they viewed as veterinary emergencies, focusing on both their access-to-care challenges and their expectations of such services. (2) Methods: Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 18 pet owners in Ontario, Canada. All participants were unable to access in-person care, leading them to a veterinary telemedicine service. Interviews were supplemented by an online questionnaire to collect demographic information. Thematic analysis was conducted on all interview transcripts. (3) Results: Participants’ expectations of telemedicine were largely informed by their uncertainty about their pets’ health in emergency situations. Anxiety was common, leading them to seek telemedicine for reassurance. Participants expected advice and guidance, viewing the process as collaborative. While acknowledging the benefits of telemedicine in their situation, participants also acknowledged the inherent limitations of this type of service, articulating a general preference for in-person veterinary care. (4) Conclusions: When in-person care is unavailable, telemedicine can offer pet owners valuable guidance, clarity, and comfort, although many pet owners may continue to prefer face-to-face consultations for comprehensive care.

IOT Based Self Operated CPR Belt

ABSTRACT This project presents a wearable, automated system designed to deliver real-time cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in emergency situations. The smart CPR belt is equipped with sensors like a respiration sensor, ECG sensor, and temperature sensor to constantly monitor a patient’s vital signs. If the system detects a critical condition, it can automatically perform chest compressions according to standard CPR guidelines. At the core of the system is the ESP32 microcontroller, which collects and processes sensor data and sends it to healthcare providers using IoT technology. The ECG sensor checks heart activity and triggers CPR if the pulse is abnormal or absent. The respiration sensor ensures proper breathing is maintained, while the temperature sensor helps monitor for other health concerns. Real-time data transmission allows medical professionals to track the patient's status remotely and take action if needed. This system reduces the dependency on bystanders to perform CPR, increasing survival chances—especially in remote areas with limited access to medical help. The integration of smart sensors and IoT makes this device a potential game-changer for emergency medical care. Keywords: IoT, CPR, ECG, Healthcare, Cardiac Arrest

Use of First Aid Equipment for Early Treatment of Accident Victims: A review

First aid is an important initial action in the treatment of sudden injury or illness before getting further medical assistance. First aid kit (Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan) is one of the important tools in emergency treatment in various situations. This study aims to describe the use of first aid kits in first aid situations in various environments. This study uses a purposive sampling method, where respondents are selected based on certain criteria, such as experience using first aid kits in emergency conditions. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews to determine the frequency, effectiveness, and obstacles encountered in the use of first aid kits. The results showed that although most respondents understood the importance of first aid kits, there were variations in knowledge and skills in their use. Factors such as the availability of first aid kits and understanding of them affect the effectiveness of first aid. Therefore, further education on the use of the first aid kit and maintenance of the contents of the kit is needed to improve preparedness in emergency situations.

The mental health of Russian society and social well-being: the social economic aspects

All over the world, technologies, globalization, demographic shifts, emergency situations and climate changes are altering conditions how and where people live and work. In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical crises impacted population psychological health, disturbed labor markets and accelerated pace of changes in labor sphere, especially in sphere of remote work, e-commerce and automation. These changes create new difficulties or exacerbate existing problems. The modern stressful realities affect mental health of working population.The effective solution of problems in prevention of destructive changes and maintaining mental health of employees is urgent task not only within separate organization, but also for entire sphere of work.The purpose of the study is to investigate problem of psychological state of Russian society and analyze its socioeconomic aspects.The empirical basis of the study was data from the official websites of the World Health Organization, the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, and the Center for the Development of Advanced Technologies.

Toward Designing Autonomous Shared Rides for People with Parkinson’s Disease: Barriers and User Needs Analysis

This study aims to support the inclusive design of autonomous shared rides (ASR) by identifying gaps related to efficient trips and human-machine interaction, specifically for people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). In-person interviews were conducted with 20 PwPD, aimed to understand PwPD’s travel experiences, potential user barriers, and needs with regard to an ASR service. During the interview, participants watched short video clips describing five trip segments (proposed by a U.S. Department of Transportation report) of an ASR trip (scenario animations) and responded to questions about these scenarios. Both qualitative (opinions) and quantitative (ranking/rating) data were collected. Results of the Friedman test indicated significant differences in PwPD’s rankings of various travel barriers. Safety and lack of customer service were among the top concerns for PwPD. Qualitative analysis of the interview data further suggested that PwPDs were mainly concerned with the following aspects of ASR: safety (ASR reliability and operation), availability and quality of real-person online customer service and human assistance, user-friendly technology with clear instructions , and accessibility for PwPD with varying levels of mobility, the capability of ASR to deal with emergency situations , and the assistance provided for finding seats and using seat belts . Overall, most PwPD participants ranked safety concern, lack of travel support/customer service , and technology issues as the top three travel barriers for ASR. Among the five trip segments (booking, identification, onboarding, traveling, and exiting), booking was perceived as the most anxiety-provoking segment. These unique data and findings have identified user barriers and needs for ASR, which can guide the design and implementation of future technical solutions to address a broader range of use groups.

The study of implementation of digital technologies on sphere of labor protection and its impact on personnel of enterprises of marine industry

The innovative technologies are becoming widespread in all spheres of human life, including labor protection. The AI, modern systems of monitoring and data analysis permit to develop devices with functions to determine physical conditions of workers, to track and to prevent emergency situations and to minimize occupational traumatism. The mentioned advantages of such devices are very important in working conditions at maritime industry enterprises where risk of traumatism is increased and physician providing timely qualified care is absent on shipboard. In such conditions it is more rational to prevent risks of traumatism. The list of such devices is quite wide: from sensors analyzing external environment to intelligent helmets and boots. With all visible advantages of implementation of innovations into labor protection, the issues of their application in order to control production efficiency of employees continue to be mixed ones. Thus, data from different studies, as well as original survey of ship crew members fixed negative attitude of personnel to such devices reasoning stress condition and increased anxiety level. Hence, it is necessary to develop a number of recommendations permitting to implement innovations into labor protection within the framework of maritime industry and to consider psychological state of workers in order to prevent development of diseases caused by high levels of stress.

User Association, Power Allocation, and Aerial Base Stations Placement in Hybrid Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Relevance. With the development of information technologies and the Internet of Things, the demand for more efficient and flexible mobile networks is increasing. Future wireless systems must not only ensure high speed and reliability of connections but also enable quick recovery of communication in emergency situations. Ground base stations (GBS) are typically installed stationary and are designed for long-term service, which limits their efficiency during sudden increases in traffic or infrastructure damage. In such conditions, aerial base station (ABS) emerge as a promising solution. Due to their mobility, affordability, and the ability to deploy quickly, they can support the operation of ground stations in high user density conditions or in emergencies when GBS are damaged or destroyed. This makes them an essential element of future communication networks.Problem Statement. Development of methods for the placement of ABS in three-dimensional space and the distribution of users and power among users with the goal of maximizing the data transmission speed of the systems.Goal of the work. Increase the data transmission speed of systems using ABS to support GBS through optimal three-dimensional positioning of ABS, distribution of users between ABS and GBS, and power allocation among users.Methods. The research was conducted using a dynamic approach, in which the coverage radius of the GBS is gradually reduced, along with the reinforcement learning algorithm. The analysis of the results showed the high effectiveness of the proposed method and allowed for a significant increase in data transmission speed within the framework of the task.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the proposed solution lies in the joint optimization of the placement of ABS and power allocation under resource constraints, which revealed a dependency between the coverage radius of GBS and the flight altitude of ABS. Specifically, as the coverage radius of GBS increases, the optimal flight altitude of ABS decreases, and vice versa.Practical significance. The practical significance lies in the possibility of developing a methodology for planning public communication networks using ABS to support GBS under resource constraints. This approach makes it possible to ensure a high total data transmission rate and improve the reliability of network operation.

Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention to Improve Basic and Psychological First Aid Knowledge Among Adolescents. A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Basic first aid (FA) knowledge is important for in-school adolescents to save lives in emergency situations. The study aimed to evaluate the change in basic and psychological FA knowledge levels after developing an educational intervention. A quasi-experimental study with a pre and posttest design and no control group was conducted. The intervention consisted of sessions on basic and psychological first aid for students in six schools. A knowledge test was administered to the students prior to the start of the intervention. At the end, a posttest was administered with the same questions used in the pretest. A change in the knowledge level of 185 students was evaluated. The mean difference between the pretest and posttest for knowledge level was significant (3.11 95% CI: 2.68-3.54). Airway management, poisoning, FA basics, and psychological FA all increased by more than 10 points in the posttest. The study showed that the intervention improves the level of knowledge of basic and psychological FA in adolescents. The results demonstrate that health education in the school setting can have a significant impact.

The Language of the Witness, the Language of the Researcher

The Language of the Witness, the Language of the Researcher

Reevaluation of emergency ınterventions from the perspective of health law

The provision of healthcare services, like all procedures, may lead to legal consequences in cases of negligence, even in emergency situations, resulting in criminal proceedings. Emergency medical practices, due to their involvement in life-threatening situations, require quicker decision-making compared to elective procedures, emphasizing patient benefit and well-being. Despite the urgency of emergencies, a thorough examination, if possible, along with necessary tests and consultations, is essential before making a decision. It is crucial to decide in appropriate indications and provide adequate information to the patient. If a patient is unconscious and has a relative, the family member should be informed. If this is not possible, the authorities should be notified. In situations where a response from legal authorities cannot be awaited due to the urgency, procedures can be carried out without waiting for a response, with appropriate indications, and documented with record-keeping, especially if there is a life-threatening condition. Subsequently, when the patient regains consciousness, the procedures and reasons should be communicated to them. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of medical documentation, with clearly stated justifications and recorded indications in emergencies. In appropriate conditions, obtaining patient consent and providing information becomes crucial to mitigate potential legal consequences.

Issues of ensuring safe operation of M-PR class vessels in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

The article analyzes the current operating conditions for "M-PR" class mixed navigation vessels within the anchorage areas of Port Kavkaz. The analysis considers the geographic regions and navigation seasons for "M-PR" vessels in the Kerch Strait and adjacent Black Sea areas, as regulated by the Rules of the Russian Classification Society. To extend the operating season for self-propelled cargo ships of the "M-PR" class in this region, an approach is proposed based on maintaining equivalent safety levels compared to a reference route. Characteristic navigation conditions for these vessels are determined for the period from March to November, inclusive, within the 10-mile coastal zone extending from the Kerch Strait to the port of Novorossiysk. This determination incorporates an analysis of available shelter locations and the current navigational situation in this water area. A calculation of safety criterion fulfillment is suggested for three routes to account for the specific operational characteristics of mixed navigation vessels within the anchorage areas of Port Kavkaz, where cargo is transshipped to storage vessels. Emergency situations involving mixed navigation vessels in the Kerch Strait area are analyzed. Based on the study results, adjustments to the Russian Classification Society's regulatory framework are proposed regarding the operating season for "M-PR" class vessels in the 10-mile coastal zone from the port of Novorossiysk to the Kerch Strait. For the months with the most severe hydrometeorological conditions (from March to November), the introduction of a wave height restriction of h3% ≤ 2.0 m is justified. Other measures aimed at improving navigation safety under current conditions are also considered.

Exploring challenges and policy considerations in point-of-care testing for hospital preparedness ahead of infectious disease emergencies: A qualitative study

Exploring challenges and policy considerations in point-of-care testing for hospital preparedness ahead of infectious disease emergencies: A qualitative study

Evaluating the impact of lavender aromatherapy and music therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluating the impact of lavender aromatherapy and music therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOPOLITICS AND NATIONAL LOGISTICS FOR THE SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

This research examines the attitudes of a targeted group of respondents (N=107) concerning emergency situations, with a particular focus on the Republic of Serbia and the critical role of national logistics in ensuring national security. Within this research framework, national logistics encompasses fulfilling all material requirements essential for effectively addressing security challenges and threats. These include the needs of the military, police, civil protection, civilian population, and economy in Serbia, such as the provision of food, clothing, fuel, equipment, ammunition, spare parts, medicines, transportation, energy, and infrastructure. The study analyzes the key factors that enable the management and mitigation of risks during war, emergencies, and crises in Serbia. It provides valuable insights into participants' attitudes and perceptions regarding the importance of logistical preparedness in reducing risks and responding to potential security threats at the national level.

Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature

IntroductionKetamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic, is widely used as a trauma analgesic in emergency situations. Ketamine is also used to treat psychiatric disorders due to its broad application potential, including treatment-resistant major depression. However, its impacts on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its potential as a treatment for PTSD are controversial. PTSD is marked by persistent and intrusive memories of traumatic event(s) and re-experiencing of the traumatic memories when exposed to trauma-related stimuli. Individuals with PTSD are often treated with prolonged exposure therapy (PE), in which they are gradually exposed to stimuli that remind them of the previous traumatic memory. If successful, they may learn that the previously traumatic stimuli are no longer threatening, a process known as fear extinction. Although fear extinction can be studied in laboratory animals, previous preclinical literature on the effects of ketamine on fear extinction has been inconsistent.MethodsThus, we summarized the existing preclinical literature examining effects of ketamine on fear extinction and its potential molecular mechanisms.ResultsStudies found that ketamine may enhance, impair, have no effect, or have mixed effects on fear extinction. These discrepancies may be attributed to differences in dosage, route, and timing of ketamine administration.DiscussionWe conclude the review with recommendations for future research on ketamine and PTSD such as the inclusion of more female subjects, clinically relevant doses and routes of ketamine administration, and more comprehensive behavioral assays that are relevant to PTSD in humans to enhance translation between preclinical and clinical research.

Spider Bot

Timely response in disaster or emergency situations, such as search and rescue missions or hazardous environment monitoring, demands agile and autonomous systems capable of navigating challenging terrains. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Spider Bot, a multi-legged robotic system developed for autonomous exploration and data collection in complex environments. The system is built with a focus on terrain adaptability, stability, and real-time control. It features a modular mechanical design, sensor integration for obstacle detection, and wireless communication for remote operation. Firebase is employed as the backend database for logging telemetry data and issuing control commands. The control architecture leverages inverse kinematics and gait algorithms to ensure precise and efficient movement. Experimental validation demonstrates the Spider Bot’s ability to maneuver over uneven surfaces and transmit real-time data, making it suitable for deployment in reconnaissance, inspection, and emergency response scenarios.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Case Report: Appropriate Diagnosis Can Expedite Patient Treatment and Prevent Negative Outcomes

Introduction: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a diagnosis classifying upper extremity symptoms caused by compression of the neurogenic and vascular structures between the clavicle and first rib. It is important to promptly decompress these structures in order to prevent long-term deficits and poor patient outcomes. However, TOS often presents in unique ways with substantial symptom variance, making it difficult to identify, diagnose and promptly treat. Compounding this, common diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not independently appropriate for a conclusive diagnosis of TOS. TOS patients can initially present acutely due to symptom exacerbations or emergent situations, which creates an emphasis for the use of multi-modal diagnostic methods and early TOS recognition in order to improve the outcomes for TOS patients, particularly in emergency medical services (EMS) settings. Case Report: A 22-year-old male presented with chronic symptoms of numbness and weakness in his right hand in addition to chest pain that radiated into his right elbow, along with a diminished right radial pulse. The patient also suffered from acute symptomatic exacerbations of total arm asthenia, paresthesia and what the patient described as “an intensely cold hand” during football practice. He was eventually treated with a right first rib resection to decompress the brachial plexus, which resulted in complete symptom resolution and recovery. Conclusion: Due to the serious long-term complications associated with uncorrected brachial plexus compression and the fact that TOS patients can initially present to EMS settings with acute exacerbations, it is important for EMS clinicians to be able to recognize and either treat or appropriately refer patients for treatment. EMS settings are equipped to be able to perform a comprehensive diagnostic assessment because they often have access to the diagnostic modalities necessary for diagnosing TOS.

Field Applicability Verification of Construction Worker Health Monitoring Using AI-Based Facial Video Analysis for Biometric Signal Measurement

The construction industry is a high-risk work environment where safety- and health-related accidents and injuries frequently occur. In particular, accidents caused by workers' health problems are more likely to result in major incidents, underscoring the gravity of this issue. Therefore, adopting technological approaches that can detect worker health conditions in real time is crucial for preventing potential hazards in advance. Recently, smart safety management systems that combine Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have played an important role in addressing these issues. In this study, AI-based facial image analysis technology developed by GB SOFT was applied for contactless measurement of workers' biometric signals, which were analyzed in real time to detect potential health problems during work. The AI facial image analysis technology was applied to two workers. The results showed high potential for quickly detecting workers' health conditions, thereby preventing accidents. Using AI-based facial image analysis, the health conditions of workers can be assessed rapidly, allowing prompt responses in emergency situations, which is expected to improve the overall safety management of construction sites.

Appropriate Sedation for Safe Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Administering sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) involves using medications to reduce the patient's level of consciousness during a procedure, which can alleviate patient anxiety and discomfort, and improve clinical outcomes. Due to the complexity of the procedure and physiological changes induced by the prone position, meticulous sedation management is essential during ERCP. Before the procedure, a detailed history taking and physical examination are important. If the Mallampati or American Society of Anesthesiologists classification scores are high, anesthesia provider assistance should be considered. Both standard sedation with a combination of midazolam and opioids and balanced propofol sedation can be used safely. During the procedure, monitoring of vital signs, oxygen saturation, and electrocardiogram is important. For high-risk patients, capnography should also be considered. In particular, personalized approaches, including dosage adjustments and more vigilant monitoring during the procedure, are critical for high-risk patients. To ensure safe ERCP, endoscopists must be familiar with the characteristics of sedatives, as well as the types and dosages of antagonists. To prevent hypoxia during the procedure, preoxygenation and the use of high-flow nasal cannula can be considered, and a laryngeal mask can be useful if intubation is difficult in emergency situations. Above all, care must be taken to avoid excessive doses of sedatives, and it is crucial to continually assess the necessity of ERCP for each patient.