Emergency Command Research Articles

Key Factors and Coupling Relationships of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Prevention in China's Coastal Cities.

In order to discover the key factors for the successful implementation of the collaborative management of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities and their causal coupling, based on the hypothesis, the main factor analysis method was used to analyze the key factors of the various subsystems of disaster prevention and mitigation, and to verify the correlation between the main factors and the successful implementation of coordinated governance for disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities. Interpretative structural model (ISM) is used to explore the coupling relationship between subsystems and key factors within each subsystem. The results show that there have 6 factors, including emergency organization coordination, plan construction coordination, monitoring and early warning coordination, information sharing coordination, emergency command coordination, and emergency resource coordination are positively related to the successful implementation of coastal city disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance; emergency rescue coordination and emergency decision-making coordination are not directly related to the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities. When the main factors work together, the impact on the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities is not obvious. There are obvious hierarchical relationships and clear influence paths between key factors within each main factor.

Development of quasi real-time comprehensive evaluation system for earthquake disaster

Fast acquisition of the seismic information and accurate assessment of the earthquake disaster is the key problem for emergency rescue after a destructive earthquake. In order to satisfy the requirements of the earthquake emergency response and rescue for the cities and counties, a quasi real-time comprehensive evaluation system for earthquake disaster is developed. This software system has the functions of gathering disaster information, analyzing seismic damage and estimating disaster extent. To prop up such a powerful software platform, data and algorithms are prerequisites. As a result, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) is developed to monitor strong motion underground, application programs for data collection by the mobile terminal are also developed to acquire the basic structural data and disaster information. Besides, based on short-distance emergency communication technology, a set of short-distance multi-modes are designed to transmit those critical data to the evaluation system. After a certain earthquake, using fragility analysis method and dynamic correction algorithm, together with the basic data, seismic disaster evaluation in the county region is finally realized in real-time to provide a scientific basis for seismic emergency command, rescue and assistant decision.

Analysis of Earthquake Emergency Command System According to Cloud Computing Methods

An earthquake emergency command system is designed based on cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) to mitigate slow information acquisition, low processing efficiency, and weak information storage and communication ability in earthquake rescue. First, cloud computing technology is introduced, and a traditional earthquake emergency command system is analyzed comprehensively. Then, the characteristics of midwave infrared remote sensing data are explored before and after recent earthquakes in China based on satellite remote sensing data. Subsequently, a new earthquake emergency command system is built based on cloud computing and IoT technology along with data from satellite midwave infrared remote sensing. Finally, system feasibility is evaluated. The results show that surface radiation changes significantly before an earthquake; infrared brightness and temperature fluctuates drastically; and the abnormal region gradually approaches the epicenter of the earthquake. The peak value of the relative power spectrum in the earthquake is more than 9 times the average. In conclusion, the proposed emergency command system based on satellite remote sensing data, cloud computing, and IoT can yield good evaluation results (5.36), demonstrating that multidimensional satellite thermal infrared remote sensing data analysis can improve the accuracy of earthquake prediction. The proposed earthquake emergency command system based on satellite remote sensing data combined with cloud computing and IoT technology can also provide a basis for optimizing earthquake rescue strategies.

Refinement-Based Hierarchical Modeling and Correctness Verification of Cross-Organization Collaborative Emergency Response Processes

When an emergency occurs, one of the important challenges is how to form an effective and timely response. An emergency disposal plan is usually organized as a series of emergency response processes manipulated by one emergency command center and several subordinate emergency organizations. Moreover, these subordinate organizations are usually geographically dispersed and need to collaborate with each other. In this case, designing and verifying such cross-organizational collaborative emergency response processes are complicated and time-consuming. To address this problem, we propose a hierarchical modeling and correctness verification approach. A general framework for hierarchical modeling and correctness verification of such processes is first introduced. Then, a top-level model and two kinds of bottom-level models (complex and simple bottom-level ones) are proposed to model such processes and collaboration patterns from different abstraction levels. Next, Petri net refinement operation is adopted to refine the top-level model by using its corresponding bottom-level models to obtain the refined model. Finally, the correctness of the refined model is verified based on reachability graph. A typical running case of cross-organization collaborative fire emergency response processes is given to validate our proposed method.

Emergency rescue of novel coronavirus pneumonia: Exploration from China

To systematically and retrospectively analyze Chinese exploration of novel coronavirus pneumonia, including emergency command, medical treatment, health and disease prevention, resource scheduling and other aspects, in order to provide references for the prevention and treatment of global infectious diseases.

Retrospective analysis of the on-site treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic on the Costa Crociere cruise

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is the most widespread global pandemic in the past 100 years. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection leads to the major threat of human safety and health. At 00:00 on January 24th, 2020, Tianjin City launched the first-level response to the COVID-19 epidemic. At 18:00 on the same day, Management Committee of Dongjiang Free Trade Port Zone of Tianjin received areport that there were 15 people who had fever on the Costa Crociere carrying 4 806 people from Japan back to the home port of Tianjin Dongjiang Cruise. At the same time, there are more than 140 Chinese Hubei tourists. Tianjin Municipal Committee and Government, Tianjin Customs, Binhai New Area District Committee Government, Tianjin Health Commission, Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission formed an emergency command center immediately to deal with the epidemic comprehensively. At 06:40 on January 25th, 2020, the medical investigation team made up by Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission and Tianjin East Administration of Customs boarded the cruise ship. With reference to the customs inspection and quarantine regulations, in accordance with the Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (trial version 3) for mulated by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the Novel coronavirus infected pneumonia port control and technology plan (first version) formulated by the General Administration of Customs, combined with the actual situation of cruise ships, the medical investigation team developed the inspection standards, including door-to-door inspections, temperature measurement and epidemiological investigations on all persons on board of the cruise ship. A total of 4 806 person-times were investigated in the affected area, including 3 706 tourists and 1 100 crew members. Seventeen people at high risk of COVID-19 were identified, including three Wuhan tourists. The reports of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid detection on throat swab samples for those who were identified as high risk were returned as all negative at 14:54 on the same day. At 19:30, the medical investigation team completed the investigation and evacuated the cruise ship. The temperature measurement, medical observation and resettlement of passenger were handed over to relevant personnel. After 2 weeks, the follow-up result of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid of 17 high risk people were all negative. The overall command and comprehensive coordination of the onshore command center together with the rigid principles and excellent responds ability of the on-site epidemic investigation team ensured the successful completion of the epidemic investigation work, and also provided reference for further improving the management and disposal capacity of public health emergencies at sea.

Research and Development of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Rescue Drill Platform Based on VR Virtual Reality Technology

In order to improve the disaster rescue ability of coal mine rescue teams and enhance the effectiveness of daily training, based on the Unity3D virtual reality development platform, combined with rescue drill content, a framework for implementing a coal mine rescue virtual simulation drill system is designed. Use high-quality modelling technology to establish rescue models and scenarios. Based on database data management, research a multi-person collaborative coal mine rescue drill system based on the real environment of the mine and the evolution scenario of disaster accidents. Through training in realistic disaster accident scenarios, it can be enhanced Trainees’ sense of presence improves the response speed, emergency handling and commanding capabilities of on-site operations, rescue, coal mine emergency commanders.

EEG Based Brain Controlled Keypad and Devices

In our society there are many people suffer by paralytic diseases which holds them with several disabilities like unable to talk and unable to move physically and unable to express their everyday basic needs, but can still use their eyes and sometimes move their heads. This Project is under the principle of Brain Computer Interface (BCI). Our model helps them to do all their basic needs just from their wheelchair. All applications are integrated in the wheelchair, such as they can drive their wheelchair on their own using either meditation/attention or eye blink, Keypad for communication, Emergency commands for requesting their basic need such as food, water, restroom etc., Home automation for operating appliances, all those applications are done by having eye blinks using EEG device- Neurosky mindwave mobile.

Emergency Response Mechanism and Improvement of Hazardous ChemicalsAccidents in Qing Yang City

This paper analyzes the distribution of hazardous chemicals production enterprises and the construction of rescue teams. In order to further strengthen and perfect the emergency mechanism of hazardous chemicals in our city, the problems in the safety management of hazardous chemicals production enterprises in our city are analyzed, and related requirements are put forward, so as to reduce the occurrence of hazardous chemicals accidents and reduce the degree of hazards. It is also recommended that enterprises and governments establish a sound accident emergency response system, and use emergency plans, emergency resources, emergency command, and emergency response to build a safe emergency response platform for hazardous chemicals. In order to improve the accident emergency mechanism.

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundStudies have shown that poor sleep could result in many unpleasant consequences and is prevalent in nurses. Considering the fact of high stress, overwhelming workload and many night shifts in the emergency department in China, this study aimed to evaluate the current status of emergency nurses’ sleep quality in public hospitals in Shandong, China and explored its influencing factors.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Job Content Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among 4856 emergency nurses in five randomly selected city emergency command systems in Shandong, China. The association of potential influencing factors, including occupational, psychosocial and individual factors, with poor sleep (PSQI> 5) was quantified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe average PSQI score of 4730 emergency nurses in public hospitals was 8.2 ± 3.9, including 3114 (65.8%) subjects with PSQI > 5 and 2905 (61.4%) > 8; these figures were found highest for 337 emergency nurses in 14 tertiary hospitals with 11.8 ± 4.3, 257 (76.3%) and 232 (68.8%), followed by 1044 emergency nurses in 43 secondary hospitals with 9.5 ± 3.9, 725 (69.4%) and 675 (64.7%) and 3349 emergency nurses in 167 primary hospitals with 7.4 ± 3.5, 2132 (63.7%) and 1998 (59.7%). The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs. primary, secondary vs. primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4–6 vs. never, ≥7 vs. never) and high occupational stress.ConclusionsThe sleep quality of emergency nurses in public hospitals in China was poor, especially in tertiary hospitals. Many factors as listed above, especially occupational stress, night shift taking and workload at night, should be considered when improving emergency nurses’ sleep quality.

Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in a module hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic

ObjectivesTo describe the pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care in a module hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic and provide reference for domestic and foreign pharmacists participating in the epidemic prevention and control. SettingThe study was performed in a Jianghan module hospital constructed at the Wuhan Convention and Exhibition Center in Wuhan, China. This is 1 of the first 3 module hospitals. Practice descriptionOne thousand eight hundred forty-eight patients were admitted to the Jianghan module hospital, and 1327 cases (71.81% of the total number) were cured and discharged. Pharmacists have successfully completed the tasks of purchase, storage, and free distribution of drugs worth ¥1.03 million (approximately $146,000), reviewed about 20,000 electronic orders, provided one-on-one online medication consultation for 484 patients, and held 5 lectures on rational drug use knowledge, which could help reduce irrational drug use and minimize the risk involved. Practice innovationThe new COVID-19 “module” pharmaceutical care model is equipped with new features such as pharmacy emergency command group, organizational structure for pharmacy administration, electronic control of drug prescription, and “zero contact” pharmaceutical care relying on the new media platform “WeChat.” This platform provides relevant pharmaceutical care for patients, such as ensuring drug supply, setting up critical care drug trolleys, designing specific drug packaging bags, creating a module radio station to broadcast rational drug use information to the patients, and other aspects. EvaluationWith the continuous improvement of the module hospital and the progress in in-depth knowledge about COVID-19, some aspects such as patient admission criteria and variety of drugs need to be adjusted depending on the actual situation. ResultsThe pharmacists provided pharmaceutical care for 1848 patients with mild COVID-19 disease. They not only ensured the timely supply of the drugs but also reduced the incidence of drug-induced risks through medication review and guidance, thereby improving patient compliance and helping the patients rebuild their confidence in overcoming the disease. ConclusionThe new COVID-19 module pharmaceutical care model has played an important role in overcoming the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China and thus can be implemented on a broader scale.

Construction of Emergency Command and Decision System for Military Civilian Medical Rescue Based on Gis

According to the actual needs of the emergency rescue after the explosion accident in the central city, this paper puts forward the design ideas and functional objectives of the military civilian joint emergency rescue command and decision system, and puts forward the structure, operation mechanism and functional modules of the system, which includes eight modules: comprehensive query, space positioning, path analysis, plan management, decision support, command scheduling, decision evaluation, training and performance practice. The advantages of the system include: flexible data management function, powerful spatial analysis and planning function, dynamic command and decision-making and scheduling function, and comprehensive training and drilling function. Under the condition of information, the system can provide a basis for decision makers to make emergency rescue decisions after the explosion accident in the central city, and can greatly improve the efficiency of emergency rescue.

Study on Emergency Plan for Production Safety Accidents in Water Conservancy Industry in Lishui City in the New Period

At present, the water conservancy industry has not formulated a comprehensive emergency plan for production safety accidents. In order to fully implement the national decision-making and deployment of work safety, and to promote the modernization of emergency management systems and capabilities in the water conservancy industry, it is necessary to carry out related research on emergency plans for production safety accidents in the water conservancy industry. This article takes Lishui City as an example, and expounds the main contents of production safety accidents emergency plan for the water conservancy industry in the new period from the aspects of application scope, working principle, emergency command agencies and duties, and emergency response. The aim is to standardize the emergency management and emergency response procedures for production safety accidents in the water conservancy industry in Lishui City, improve the ability to prevent and respond to production safety accidents, and provide references for other provinces and municipalities to study related plans.

Research on Remote Cooperative Plotting System for Power Emergency Commanding

Geographic information system (GIS) platform is one of the most important tools in electric emergency command area to improve the command efficiency. The GIS systems available only hold basic data and mainly used to browse, therefore can’t show the information and situation in the process of emergency command. This paper proposes a remote collaborative consultation system architecture for power emergency based on GIS. The collaborative plotting on the same GIS platform through computer network remote terminal is realized, using the GIS map plotting technology and XML symbols drive technology. System plotting symbols situation shows the time series mode based on event driven, can be displayed in chronological order and calculate the huge amounts of information along with emergency events. It can get the emergency situation quickly, and promote emergency command efficiency significantly.

Low-Power Early Forest Fire Detection and Warning System

In this study, the design of a microcontroller based early forest fire detection and warning system is described. The system can be installed in a forest and it consists of a network of microcontroller based fire detection sensors and long-range RF transmitter–receiver modules. As soon as a fire is detected, the system sends warning messages to the relevant emergency command and control centres so that appropriate action can be taken as soon as possible to put off the fire and minimize the damage. Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop and design a low power microcontroller based early forest fire detection system. Methods/statistical analysis: The system described in this study consists of a network of microcontroller based fire detection sensors and long-range raw RF transmitter/receiver modules, scattered around a forest. The system uses low power microcontrollers which are kept in deep sleep mode most of the time, thus conserving power which is one of the novelties of the designed system. Findings: One of the aims of this study has been to design a low power early forest fire detection and warning system. The designed system makes use of specially selected microcontrollers which can operate in deep sleep modes and as a result they can be configured to consume low currents. The results showed that the current consumption in deep sleep mode was only 10 mA, which is in general much lower than the current consumption of most ordinary microcontrollers. With such low power consumption, it should be possible to operate the overall system for longer hours before the batteries need charging via solar energy cells. Most forest fire detection systems rely on Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiFi, or similar technology for communication, which is not practical to implement in a forest environment. The designed system makes use of raw RF for communication which is normally available and very reliable. Application/improvements: The early forest fire detection and warning system described in this article can be improved by using arrays of multiple scattered sensors. Keywords: Forest Fire, Early Fire Detection and Warning, Early Warning System, ESP32, DevkitC.

Research on Sensor Placement for Disaster Prevention in Water Distribution Networks for Important Users

Sensor placement for disaster prevention for important users in urban water distribution networks is essential for post-earthquake monitoring and repair. Herein, we proposed a sensor placement approach for disaster prevention monitoring for important users, to (a) improve the fault diagnosis ability of the water distribution network and to (b) guarantee the function of emergency services for key nodes after an earthquake. First, an evaluation system of node users’ disaster prevention impact factors was presented to evaluate the node influence degree from three aspects: post-earthquake leakage, emergency support and topology structure; and the weight values of node users’ disaster prevention impact factors were obtained. Second, a post-earthquake hydraulic analysis model based on the pressure-driven demand was used to calculate the water shortage ratio of nodes. Third, using the three-way clustering integration method, the results of four clustering techniques were integrated to divide the monitoring domain in the water distribution network based on sensitivity analysis. Finally, on basis of the sensitivity matrix, the division of the monitoring area and the impact factors of node users’ disaster prevention were combined to place sensors for post-earthquake disaster prevention in the water distribution network. Detailed computational experiments for a real urban water network in China were performed and compared with the results of other traditional techniques to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the approach is better than traditional methods. It not only considers the actual hydraulic information of the water distribution network, but also the important user nodes after an earthquake, and is of great significance for emergency command and rescue and disaster relief after an earthquake in the city.

Novel MA-VFBC Based Deployment of Obstacle-Avoiding Scattered Sensors for Region-of-Interest Incidence Monitoring

The deployment of mobile and adaptive virtual force barrier coverage (MA-VFBC) classification scheme using a mobile emergency response and command interface (MERCI) platform that is functionally implemented to track and report incidences and consequent collateral damages to infrastructures within a region of interest (ROI) is proposed. Considering the enormous use of the global positioning system (GPS) devices for location data-gathering and processing, and its inherent limitations, the proposed GUI-based MA-VFBC platform is implemented using self-deploying and obstacle-avoiding scattered mobile sensor nodes. The GPS service is kept as alternatives, since only initial co-ordinates from where the deployed sensor starts to move and the maximum boundary location of the target location is considered. The practical experimentation work appraises the use and feel of the (MERCI) platform when integrated with the proposed novel MA-VFBC path-tracking classification schemes, while the simulation work investigates evident real-time system reliability issues as direction of node deployment with path distances, system computation time and system overheads in the presence of dissimilar multiple obstacles.

The role of 3D-CFD simulation in optimizing pre-emergency responses.

Consequences of an incident resulted from the release of hazards shall be mitigated to limit the undesirable effects. Emergency preparedness and response should address the duration and severity of the events and also prevent escalation. Therefore, emergency response plans are prepared, along with other related procedures, which are commonly called as preemergency responses. These plans or procedures are quick guidance used by the response team to handle emergency cases especially when it deals with critical equipment or condition. Each plan or case must involve related protection equipment available on site along with sequence for emergency command and hazard analysis. Common analysis provides only the highest magnitude of case or event (worst case scenario), therefore, this information could drive sequential preventive/ mitigative actions which require significantly huge company resources to be deployed. To improve efficiency and effectiveness of this strategy, a review of consequence analysis using computational fluid dynamics approach is proposed. Several advantages of using this method are high quality presentation and visualization of phenomenon, ability to provide result monitoring over the period of time, and capacity to use several parameters on the analysis which were not available using the standard approach. Furthermore, this approach can enrich the information contained on the plans/procedures and enhance the quality of the plan representation to match with the actual scenarios. Hence by upgrading this pre-emergency response plans and procedures, it is expected that the emergency preparedness measures will be more comprehensively assessed and ready to provide best and optimum responses in emergencies.

Construction of Pre-hospital and In-hospital Emergency Medical Service System Based on 5G Communication Technology

Objective To explore a new platform for pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical services based on a new generation of 5G communication technology, providing a basis for further improving the level of emergency medical services. Methods This study was conducted at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from October 2017 to April 2019. Based on the latest requirements of emergency medical services at home and abroad, the cross-enterprise and multi-disciplinary technical forces were organized to build platform. Firstly, to determine the process of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical services, various modules and technical routes were constructed under 5G conditions and individual technologies were tested one by one. Then they were gradually integrated into two platforms of ambulance and hospital emergency. Finally, the simulation test is carried out under the support of the whole 5G network. Results The pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical service platform based on 5G technology comprises of 5G ambulance, 5G panoramic VR real-time display system, 5G remote ultrasonic examination system, medical drone system, and 5G emergency command platform. 5G ambulance contains medical equipments such as multi-function monitor, ventilator, defibrillation monitor, portable B-ultrasound, high-definition remote video interactive system based on 5G network, VR immersive real-time panoramic experience system, and GPS positioning system. 5G panoramic VR real-time display system includes VR panoramic camera and VR glasses. The wearer with VR glasses can view the real-time situation on the ambulance, which makes a preliminary judgment on the patient's condition and provides rescue guidance. 5G remote ultrasonic examination system integrates robot technology, real-time remote control technology, and ultrasonic imaging technology. The specialist can control the movement of the ultrasonic probe set on the 5G ambulance by manipulating the mechanical arm. The patient's image and color super-picture can also be simultaneously returned to the specialist. The medical drone system enables the medical resources to be allocated in the shortest possible time through the 5G networked drones, so as to eliminate the delay caused by traffic congestion. 5G emergency command platform can integrate, transmit, and display data from multiple sources and forms through web pages in assistance of AI and internet of things. Conclusions The new platform for pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical services based on 5G technology can realize more fluent information exchange in pre-hospital and in-hospital, and realize the functions that are difficult to achieve under the previous network conditions. Key words: 5G communication technology; Emergency medical service system; Pre-hospital and in-hospital communication

Information Security Risk Assessment of Hazardous Chemicals Emergency Command System Based on AHP-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

Emergency command system is the hub of dealing with emergencies, which is of great significance to emergency rescue. In order to establish a more perfect emergency command system, considering the characteristics of strong subjectivity and large error in qualitative evaluation of information security system, based on AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Fuzzy (Fuzzy Analysis) evaluation method, this paper uses AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to quantitatively evaluate the information security of emergency command system of a hazardous chemical production enterprise in Qingyang, and calculates the risk. The validity of the discriminant model is verified.