Emergence Of Crisis Phenomena Research Articles

ОЦІНКА АНТИКРИЗОВОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ БУДІВЕЛЬНИМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВОМ

The article investigates and summarizes the main types of risks of a construction enterprise depending on the causes of their occurrence: external and internal. It is also emphasized that determining the conditions and factors that cause the emergence of crisis phenomena will ensure the management of information that will help the management of a construction enterprise to make effective management decisions before the emergence of crisis situations. The essence and main features of crisis management of an enterprise are researched. Modern approaches to enterprise management in crisis situations are considered. The necessity of organizing a system of crisis management at the enterprises of the construction industry is substantiated, due to the important role of their activities for the economy of Ukraine. The directions of preventing crisis phenomena and the threat of bankruptcy at construction enterprises are determined, namely: establishing an effective communication process with clients, contractors and other stakeholders, which will help to avoid misunderstandings and ensure the successful implementation of projects; the use of modern project management tools will allow for more accurate and coordinated planning; the use of modern technologies for automation and process control can greatly facilitate routine tasks and increase productivity. To assess the likelihood of the onset of crisis phenomena, the following analytical methods of determining the financial condition were used: horizontal and vertical analysis of the financial statements of the studied construction enterprise. Certain economic and mathematical models are used to predict the sustainability of the enterprise, to anticipate and analyze potential crisis phenomena. Each enterprise should choose these methods and models individually depending on its strategic plans and objectives. The study proposes the practical use of Tereshchenko O. O.'s model for diagnosing the crisis condition of a construction enterprise, which takes into account its industry specifics and is easy to use.

Theory of Social Change in Post-Soviet Ukrainian Society

The significance of the issue lies in the observation that the experience of implementing neoliberal market reforms during the 1990s in Ukraine reveals that disregarding the contributions of Ukrainian scholars led to detrimental consequences for socio-economic transformations. This study focuses on the theories of social change developed by Ukrainian scholars. The aim of this article is to consolidate and structure the concepts put forth by Ukrainian scholars that contribute to the theory of social change within post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The methodology employed to examine the theory of social change in the context of post-Soviet Ukrainian society encompasses systematic, logical, historical, dialectical, and civilizational approaches and techniques. The findings of the research indicate that the theory of social change necessitates an interdisciplinary methodology. The primary criterion for evaluating the nature of social change is its orientation toward upholding societal cohesion. The emergence of crisis phenomena that present challenges to society serves as an indicator of social change. An essential element in understanding social change is an awareness of the socio-cultural distinctiveness of a given society. Effective management of social processes relies on the integration of theoretical principles with practical applications. Several domains have emerged in the evolution of the theory of social change within post-Soviet Ukrainian society, including economic, demographic, civilizational, political, and security-oriented aspects. An analysis of indigenous concepts of social change within post-Soviet Ukrainian society highlights certain characteristics. Ukrainian social researchers consistently grapple with the task of constructing a comprehensive perspective on Ukrainian society. Amidst the multitude of social changes, a central issue pertaining to various concepts of social change has gradually arisen—the examination of the trajectory that society follows. Notably, a significant portion of scholars, predominantly economists, have regarded the economy as the primary determinant shaping the nature of social change. The practical significance of these findings resides in the synthesis and organization of the concepts formulated by Ukrainian scholars, which contribute to the framework of the theory of social change in the context of post-Soviet Ukrainian society.

ОЦІНКА РОБОТИ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЦИКЛІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The economic and productionactivity of the railway industry is influenced by the cycle of economic development when economic and financial crises create special conditions for the main activity of railway transport -carrying out the transportation process. The conditions of moderneconomic dynamics must be perceived as a correlation of the route of development of the railway industry, with the obligatory consideration of economic crises in the mechanism of activity. The resulting trend of the economic cycle is the dynamics of the gross domestic product and indicative of the efficiency of the reproduction process –the volume of capital investments and freight transportation. Railway transport of Ukraine, as a key component of the country's transport sector, which provides transport services in thesphereof production, circulation, and social sphere, performs a system-forming function in the cyclical mechanism and experiences the maximum load in the process of fluctuations, which is illustrated by the statistics of freight transportation and the dynamics of the gross domestic product during two major economic crises of 2008-2009 and 2019-2020. With a decrease in indicative indicators, the railway industry loses income from the main activity and the interest of investors. A new economic upswing depends on when the demand for the industry's products –for the transportation of goods and passengers -will increase. Taking into account the fact that the economic development cycle is an objective reality, and its dynamics are a reflection of the general dynamicsof the development of modern society under the influence of scientific and technological progress, the economic entity needs to take steps to anticipate, in the phase of elevation, so that with minimal losses meet and pass the crisisphase. Regarding the railway industry, these are steps to improve the investment policy with clearly defined priorities of investment activities, sources of financing investment programs taking into account specific features, improving the policy of fixedcapital management, forming countermeasures to investment risks, with their reorientation to the market situation, market monitoring and data forecast regarding the emergence of crisis phenomena, to promptly respond to economic changes through the mechanism of investment control, the use of world-class universal management methods in management. The adaptation of the work of railway transport to the conditions of dynamic economic cycles takes place against the background of changes in the system of economic values and requires the industry to master innovative technologies aimed at increasing the efficiency of work and expanding opportunities in new markets.

Генезис та концептуальні основи політики територіальної згуртованості регіонів в Україні (проблеми визначення поняття та суті)

The review established that, despite a significant spread of the concept of territorial cohesion over the past twenty years in numerous documents of the European Commission relating to cohesion policy, the aspect of forming a single generally acceptable definition of the concept remains insufficiently disclosed. Based on the analysis of main conceptual foundations and practical aspects of the cohesion policy implementation in the EU countries, which are mostly disclosed in the documents of the European Commission, it has been established that the concept of territorial cohesion acquires different contents, evolving in response to challenges that arise during the emergence of crisis phenomena, that the EU member states are facing, as follows: the global financial and economic crisis, a migration crisis caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation in Syria, as well as a crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the course of the analysis of the conceptual foundations of the territorial cohesion policy, it was revealed that results of scientific research made by European scientists confirm difficulties of forming a single generally acceptable definition for “territorial cohesion”. In the course of the research, the need to form a clear concept of territorial cohesion for the purposes of further research of the conceptual, theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a policy of territorial cohesion is rationalized, therefore, within the framework of this goal, the author's interpretation of the concept of territorial cohesion is given.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF BUDGET AND TAX SECURITY OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to study the problematic aspects of economic and legal justification of the methodological approach to assessing the state of the budget and tax security of Ukraine. The methods of economic analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and systematization are used in the research. The intensification of financial and economic instability and the emergence of crisis phenomena in the financial system of the state have led to the activation of destabilizing factors that significantly affect the functioning of the budget and tax sphere of Ukraine. Due to the inefficient implementation of the budget and tax policy for a long time, there is a deterioration of the financial component of economic security and the emergence of destructive processes and phenomena in the economy of the state. Given this situation and the violation of macroeconomic stability, the need for timely response and prevention of internal and external risks and threats to budget and tax security, as well as protection of national interests of the state in the financial sphere becomes especially important. At the same time, the desire to ensure the stable development of the budget and tax sphere necessitates a revision of methodological tools for assessing the level of budget and tax security, which, in turn, requires revision of existing Methodical recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine and supplementing them with tax security indicators. It is becoming obvious that ensuring and strengthening the budget and tax security of Ukraine is one of the priorities of public policy, which highlights the research topic. The article defines the essence of budget and tax security of the state, their interdependence outlines the main problems of the budget and tax security of Ukraine and considers regulatory and legal security of budget and tax sphere. A study of threats and risks to budget and tax security in the context of identified indicators is conducted. Evaluations of the methodological approach to assessing the level of budget and tax security of the state are carried out, and the method of calculating weights and integrated indicator of budget and tax security is analyzed. The main approaches to assessing the level of tax security are systematized and the calculation of its indicators is proposed. In order to strengthen the institutional support of budget and tax security, it is proposed to develop the concept of tax security of the state and supplement the current Methodical recommendations for calculating the level of economic security of Ukraine with the tax component.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION AND USE OF THE MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR ENSURING THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The functioning and development of enterprises takes place under the condition of changes in the influence of external environmental factors, the emergence of crisis phenomena, threats that have a negative impact on the financial condition, the results of operations, can cause a sharp reduction in indicators. It is various threats and crisis phenomena that can lead to inefficient use of financial resources and the emergence of bankruptcy at enterprises. It was determined that economic security plays an important role for enterprises, which guarantees their protection from the negative impact of internal and external environmental factors, minimizes their impact, and allows to eliminate identified threats. Along with economic, an important role is played by financial security, which is aimed at ensuring the rational use of financial resources, reducing costs, and improving the financial situation. All this determines the importance of ensuring the financial and economic security of enterprises, which is possible by using a set of tools. The need to introduce an improved management mechanism for ensuring financial and economic security, which has theoretical and practical significance, will allow the formation of measures to neutralize the influence of market environment factors, threats, guarantee a high level of security, restore performance indicators, determine the sequence of actions to ensure the desired level of security, methods of countermeasures crisis phenomena. The management mechanism for ensuring the financial and economic security of enterprises consists of interconnected stages, elements, is implemented by following approaches that allow it to be used successfully and achieve the established goal. As part of the mechanism, measures are proposed to neutralize threats, risks, and ways to restore the level of financial and economic security of enterprises, which will guarantee successful functioning in the short and long term.

НОВОЕ ВЫЗОВЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ ЛЕГАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРЕСТУПНЫХ ДОХОДОВ

The aggravation of the geopolitical situation at the beginning of 2022 provoked a global restructuring of the world economy and the emergence of crisis phenomena in the economies of all countries. The conditions of the new economic reality have given impetus to the emergence of new challenges and threats to global economic security and new forms of financial crime. The article analyzes the nature and extent of the impact of crisis phenomena in the economy on the policy of government agencies and the private sector in the field of compliance, suggests mechanisms for improving the efficiency of control systems through the methodology of a risk-based approach.

Green economy as the main way of development of society

The 21 century put society before a choice on which path to develop further, which model of economic development to choose. The existing economic model of development generates certain contradictions. Economic development is accompanied by the emergence of crisis phenomena, predatory use of natural resources, changing landscapes, unjustified environmental pollution. An alternative way of economic development of society could be a model of a green economy, which is being formed today, before our eyes. The research is devoted to the consideration of three of the six directions of the implementation of the green economy model. The current state of clean energy, agricultural energy, and sustainable agriculture, including organic agriculture, is analysed. The steps taken to switch to the green economy model are analysed. According to the results of the study, conclusions are drawn related to the transition to this model of economic development.

Ensuring economic security of the municipalities: best practices

The subject of this research is the best practices of ensuring economic security of municipalities of the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the process of ensuring economic security of the municipalities. The author meticulously examines the state of economic security of municipalities of the Russian Federation. Special attention is given to monotowns, whose economy is dominated by a single industry or company. It is underlined that the critical state of backbone enterprises usually leads to deterioration of economic security and emergence of crisis phenomena in socioeconomic sphere of the municipalities. The article presents practical experience of restoring the role of the Russian textile factory during bankruptcy proceedings. Rendering support to the backbone enterprises in overcoming crisis situations, the municipalities simultaneously address the issues of ensuring their economic security and socioeconomic development. The novelty of this research consists in the statement that restoration of the activity of backbone enterprises and ensuring economic security in the Russian municipalities is possible, even in the conditions of bankruptcy proceedings of the backbone enterprises. Ensuring the economic security of Russian municipalities is achieved by active support of the backbone enterprises by local communities; implementation of modern management methods in assessment of the state of economic objects, initiation of measures for overcoming crisis phenomena in the economy of municipalities; development of constructive principles as the foundation for supporting the backbone enterprises and ensuring economic security of the municipality. Positive experience acquired by the municipality “Kirzhachsky District of Vladimir Region” in ensuring its economic security by supporting and restoring the role of the backbone enterprise of the district remains relevant, and can be implemented by other Russian municipalities in their management practice.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FOREST RESOURCES USE

Modern society operates in an unstable economy, regularly emerging crisis phenomena, the formation of which is facilitated not only by various financial instruments, socio-economic factors, wars, natural disasters, but also by life forms, which spread infections to living organisms, parasitizing and using foreign cells for survival. The present article considers the concepts of «economic growth» and «economic efficiency» in order to identify the theoretical basis for the effective exploitation of forests, as a natural resource whose reserves are declining. The analysis of economic models, including those authored by Nobel Prize winners, made it possible to identify fundamental problems, the implementation of which, in the context of national interests, allows, regardless of the economic structure, to maintain a stable level of economic activity using a natural resource. The economic worldview of contemporaries, the transformation of human behaviors under the influence of forced isolation measures, formalism and the short time frame for finding ideas to overcome crises, contributed to the formation of philosophically oriented theories of the emergence of crisis phenomena in the economy, as well as the lack of a deep study of methods and tools of modern models and theories. Analyzing the structure of forest management in Russia, coupled with approaches to charging for the use of the resource, the author concludes that the ideas of an economic philosophy of efficient forest management were not only developed by the beginning of the 20th century, but also experimentally tested, bringing benefits and results in the form of significant amounts of budget replenishment, subsequently directed to the development of science, technology and the improvement of social security for forestry workers.

ФАКТОРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ В СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МАЛЫМ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВОМ

The article examines the elements of factor analysis in the management system of small and individual entrepreneurship. It is shown that factor analysis shows the degree of influence of each variable on the financial condition of a small enterprise and individual entrepreneurs. It is revealed that the transformation of approaches to managing the economy of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs can improve the efficiency of their activities, competitiveness in the market environment, which will lead to an increase in the socio-economic importance of the small business sector. The classification of external and internal factors of the development of small business and individual entrepreneurship is given. The analysis of the factors of small business development showed that in an unstable economic situation and the emergence of crisis phenomena in the economy, the sustainability of small business depends on the implementation of the totality of all factors. The study uses a systematic approach to conducting factor analysis, statistical and graphical methods of research. The concept of factor analysis has been clarified, the author’s classification of factors for the development of small business has been given. The impact of market failures on the activities of small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs was identified on the basis of the structural and logical method. The use of the structural-logical method allowed us to identify market failures that have an impact on small businesses. The importance of small business development infrastructure is revealed, which ensures the active interaction of all its elements, strengthens the feedback between business and government structures.

Commercial bank’s anti-crisis management mechanisms for maintaining its financial stability

Importance. The emergence of crisis phenomena in the banking sector is natural, as banking activity is carried out under risk conditions, therefore, measures to prevent such phenomena or minimize their negative consequences are also necessary. Anti-crisis management in the banking sector has been developed in many countries since the banking crisis of 2008–2009. In addition to stricter requirements to banks, new mechanisms for maintaining banking sector sustainability and crisis management have been adopted.Objectives. The study is devoted to the analysis of existing crisis management mechanisms in Russian and foreign banks. The consequences of the practice of applying these mechanisms in global practice and opportunities for their improvement and application in Russia are studied too.Methods. In the process of achieving this objective, the methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, and description. The research is based on the study and analysisof current scientific and practical materials and economic literature.Conclusions and Relevance. It was concluded that the improvement of procedures of bank rehabilitation and crisis management in the banking sector required the creation of new institutions of the financial market and the possible revision of the existing regulatory framework. The instruments of preventive and reactive anti-crisis management used in the Russian Federation have been identified. Preventive anti-crisis management methods are stress testing, identification of significant risks and creation of internal policy to manage them. Reactive anti-crisis management is represented by the actions of the Fund for Banking Sector Consolidation and the existing precedents of voluntary “rescue” of a number of banks by their main creditors and owners. Also were identifi ed unresolved issues regarding fraud risk management by top management and bank owners, which are one of the possible causes of systemic banking crises.

Study of periodic processes of changing the number of innovations in relation to Kondratiev cycles

In this paper, we propose a Supplement to the theory of the emergence of innovations in long Kondratiev cycles. The regularities of the emergence of crisis phenomena and the contribution of J. Schumpeter to the development of the innovative economy are considered. A comparative analysis of Marketing strategies is carried out. Schumpeter and N. D. Kondratiev, identified distinctive factors and common combinations. The stages of long wave cycles over several decades are analyzed. The analysis revealed innovative peaks that occur in the middle of the depression phase, followed by stages of economic activity growth after a certain period of time. The authors studied the theory of the trigger effect of depression, similar to the trigger action, which results in an avalanche of innovation growth. To confirm the theory of the existence of the “trigger effect of depression”, statistical data on the number of patents and applications filed in Russia and the United States for several decades, which are indicators of innovation activity, are presented. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of describing the periodic change in the number of innovations over time using “parametric resonance” models and the Mathieu equation.

Структура механізмів державного управління: сутність та методичний підхід до її формування

In scientific studies devoted to structure of mechanisms of public administration, different views on this issue are proposed, but their systematization is not available. An urgent need is to develop a systematic understanding of structure of public administration mechanisms. The deterioration of economic dynamics and emergence of crisis phenomena in socio-economic sphere causes urgent need to create conditions for adequate changes aimed at increasing role and formation of managerial behavior of local authorities in ensuring balance of socio-economic environment of territories, increasing their influence and level of responsibility for processes of its development. The question of structure of public administration mechanisms is highlighted in works of domestic scientists and specialists. Structural-elemental and functional approaches are predominantly used, and in some works a structural-functional approach. However, despite new work in recent years, there remain issues that require further research. First of all, it concerns systematization of ideas about structure mechanisms of administration and development of methodical principles of its formation and concretization. Modern management scientific literature has documented existence of a deep and unprecedented crisis in field of governance in Ukraine. In particular, it is emphasized that the main culprit for a deep socio-economic decline would be to consider crisis not economy itself, but system of public administration, which is consequence of disadvantages in all spheres of life of country. It is grounded that public administration is a part of social management, that is, management of people and their teams. In a more general sense, public administration is management of civil service personnel, as well as public spheres (economy, legal process, social security, culture), social groups, organizations and institutions.

Formation of the principle of choosing the optimal planned trajectory of crisis management of agro-processing enterprise

Crisis management is one of the strategically important elements for the sustainable development of agro-processing enterprises, which facilitates access to the best markets, improves business conditions and realization of the country's resource potential and strengthens the industrial relations between the divisions of the enterprise. The article reveals the essence of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises and the peculiarities of its formation in the sustainable development strategic program in the market environment. Imperfection of management decision making technologies was determined to be the reason for the emergence of crisis phenomena. The contradiction of tactical methods of providing economic stability of agro-processing enterprises in the current economic activity was found to be provoking the emergence of crisis phenomena. The main directions of reforming the mechanism of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises with the use of the advantages of multi-alternative economic models in the programming of sustainable development were determined. The mechanism of long-term programming of sustainable development in the dynamic market conditions based on the use of a business-friendly enterprise model was constructed. The analysis of alternatives of economic model development on the example of the meat processing enterprise and programming of optimal development management were conducted in order to ensure maximum profitability of the invested funds. The authors confirm that the measures of adaptation to the regional conditions of the market environment allow providing the corresponding efficiency of the product set of the enterprise. However, the lack of a new approach to crisis management with different tactical tasks in shaping the development strategy impedes the development of productive assets and reduces the efficiency of the investment process of the enterprise. The directions to enhance the system of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises were defined: development of poly-business model of development of agro-processing enterprises; introduction of long-term programming of effective development and updating of production and resource base; compliance with the norms of effective use of capital to the requirements of investment processes of Ukraine and the EU.

RESEARCH THE CRISIS INDICATORS IMPACT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTER ON THE ENSURING OF THE STATE SECURITY

The conditions of globalization put forward new threats to the existence of the traditional way of life. At present, poverty of the population, considerable property differentiation, lack of middle class, and low level and quality of life in the Ukrainian society are especially dangerous and threatening crisis phenomena of socioeconomic character in Ukrainian society. This fact confirms the statistics of criminal offenses in the sphere of providing the basis of state security, as well as in the field of providing public services, economic activities, and property crimes. Thus, all this, undoubtedly, actualizes the study of the issue of ensuring Ukraine’s state security from threats of socio-economic nature. Providing state security is in the sight of a large number of leading scientists. Note that in this case, the study of the crisis phenomena of the socio-economic nature itself and their impact on the provision of state security has not been given sufficient attention. Therefore, the subject of the study is the definition of the methodology of the impact of crisis phenomena of a socio-economic nature on the state of ensuring the state security of Ukraine to develop a model for the emergence and impact of crisis phenomena of a socio-economic nature on the state of state security. Let’s mention that sufficient attention is not paid to the research of crisis phenomena of socio-economic nature and their impact on the maintenance of state security. Methodology. To determine the theoretical and methodological principles of crisis phenomena in Ukrainian society, to study the state of ensuring the state security of Ukraine, and to develop a model of the emergence and impact of crisis phenomena of a socio-economic nature on the state of security, functional provisions of the theory of state administration, social economics, economic theory, system analysis, and also a collection of other general scientific and special methods are used, namely: systematization of legal acts, structural analysis, historical method, method of comparative analysis, welfare theory, hypothesis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, structuring and organizational modelling. Practical implications. The emergence of crisis phenomena with a socio-economic component requires governments to make timely and effective management decisions. Such phenomena take central place among the threats to society in the system of ensuring state security. The main crisis phenomena of socio-economic character in Ukraine are identified as high levels of corruption, high levels of poverty, significant property differentiation of the population, social inequality, and lack of a middle class. The analysis of crisis phenomena shows that the most acute, mass, and socially dangerous crisis phenomena are caused by low living standards and unresolved social problems. They are the basis of grave social conflicts between the people and the authorities. There is a developed model of the emergence and impact of the crisis phenomena of a socio-economic nature on the state and shows that today the study of threats to state security, which arose on the socio-economic basis, deserves special attention. The most expedient and relevant is the study of the crisis phenomena of the socioeconomic nature and the development of mechanisms for state regulation of these phenomena.

КЕЙНСІАНСЬКО-МОНЕТАРНІ АСПЕКТИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

В статті досліджено причини, які спричиняли виникнення кризових явищ в Україні у дев’яності роки ХХ століття. Розкрито основні рекомендації кейнсіанської та монетарної теорій з управління економічним розвитком країн. Проведено аналіз концептуальних положень, яким Україна надавала перевагу на певних етапах свого розвитку. Визначено нестабільність дій вітчизняних законодавців та урядовців з управління ринковою економікою. Обґрунтовано шляхи забезпечення стабілізації та динамічного розвитку національної економіки.