Emaciated Body Research Articles

Electroacupuncture of "Gongsun" (SP4) alleviates oxidative stress injury and promotes normal follicle development by regulating keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency

Based on the theory of "Gongsun (SP4) connects the Thoroughfare Vessel" of the "eight confluence acupoints", the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at SP4 on Kelch-like epichlorohydrin associated protein factor 1 (Keap1)/ nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway was observed in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) for exploring its underlying mechanisms in treating POI. Thirty-two female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:blank, model, EA and medication, with 8 rats in each group. The POI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide. EA (2 Hz, a strength inducing slight limb tremor) was applied to bilateral SP4 for 20 min, once a day for a total of 14 d. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of solution of estradiol valerate tablets (0.09 mg/kg) once a day for 14 d. During the experiment, the changes of body mass in each group were recorded and the general conditions were observed. After the interventions, the contents of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected by ELISA. The morphological changes of ovarian tissue were observed under light microscope after H.E. staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2 and HO-1 in the ovarian were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and PCR, respectively. After modeling, the model rats had poor mental state, reduced activity, irritability, emaciated body, dry and dull hair, decreased food intake, and occasionally yellow soft stools, black stools, and bloody secretions around the eyes and the tip of the nose. After the interventions, the mental state of rats in the EA and medication groups was recovered, and had brown oval feces, with no bloody secretion. Compared with the blank group, the body mass, levels of serum E2, AMH, SOD, GSH-Px, immunoactivity of Nrf2 and HO-1, and expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins and mRNAs in the ovarian tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the contents of serum FSH and MDA, immunoactivities and expressions of Keap1 protein and mRNA were obviously increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Following the interventions, both the decrease in the levels of E2, AMH, SOD, GSH-Px, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the increase of contents of serum FSH and MDA, immunoactivities and expressions of Keap1 protein and mRNA were reversed in both EA and medication groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), without significant differences between the two groups in all the indexes mentioned above. H.E. staining showed a decrease in the primordial and growing follicles in the ovarian cortex and an increase in the atretic follicles and disordered and loose arrangement of the granular layer in the model group, and an increase in the primordial and growing follicles in the ovarian cortex, reduction in the atretics follicles, thickened granular layer and closer arrangement in the EA and medication groups. EA of SP4 can promote the restoration of the body mass, regulate the level of serum sex hormones, improve the body's antioxidant capacity, reduce the damage of oxidative stress of ovaries and promote the normal development of follicles in POI rats, which may be related to its function in regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

CASE REPORT ON OBSTRUCTED OBTURATOR RICHTER HERNIA MANAGED BY OPEN PREPERITONEAL MESH REPAIR

Introduction: Obturator hernia is rare abdominal hernia.It occurs when part of the pelvic contents protrude through the obturator foramen adjacent to Obturator vessels and nerve.It is a diagnostic challenge in the emergency department since the signs and symptoms are non-specific and the risk of strangulation is high in such hernias. It often occurs in elderly, emaciated and thin lean body mass women.The patient may present with intestinal obstruction with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and constipation,because of diagnostic difficulty they often present late and most of them are diagnosed introperatively. Case report: A 60 years old female patient presented to emergency General Surgery Department of GMERS Medical College Himmatnagar with pain in Right Groin region and diffuse pain abdomen and vomiting associated with constipation since 3 days,k/c/o Hypertension on medication Tab Amlodipine 5mg 1-0-0.On examination -Abdomen distended,tenderness present in Right groin region Abdominal girth 72 cm . Abdomen Xray revealed multiple air fluid levels ,USG Abdomen and pelvis suggestive of Right Groin Hernia and multiple dilated bowel loops with diameter of 3.5 mm suggestive of Intestinal Obstruction (Usg picture is uploaded in fig 2) and as patient was not affordable for CECT Abdomen and pelvis CECT Abdomen and pelvis was not done Discussion: Emergency lower midline exploratory laparotomy under General Anaesthesia was done and intraoperatively was diagnosed as Obstructed Obturator Hernia as the bowel was found to be protruding into Obturator foramen adjacent to Obturator vessels and Obturator nerve and the bowel was reduced from foramen and was found to be healthy ,single suture was taken over the coopers ligament and obturator foremen and peritoneum was closed as there was no bowel contamination preperitoneal space was created and 15X15 cm Macroporous light weight polypropylene Mesh was placed and fixed covering all the defects to prevent recurrence and any future groin and Inguinal hernia. Conclusion: Obturator Hernia is a rare form of abdominal hernia but can cause a severe Intestinal Obstruction if it not diagnosed and treated early bowel might result into ischemia and necrosis which can turn into a fatal complication.The elderly female with lean body mass and multiparous women presenting with diffuse pain abdomen and pain in Groin region with vomiting and constipation obstructed Obturator hernia and femoral hernia should always be kept as probable diagnosis.Radiological imaging may yield the diagnosis but in this case as patient was not affordable so ,CECT Abdomen with pelvis was not done and as patient Abdomen Xray had multiple air fluid levels .Emergency lower midline Exploratory laparotomy can be done and if obstructed bowel is found to be healthy then Preperitoneal mesh repair can be done and this procedure has got a good outcome increases the abdominal strength and has got a less recurrence chances.

13-Year-Old Female With New Onset Multifocal Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacities.

A 13-year-old female who recently emigrated from Honduras presented to an emergency department in Texas with a 2-month history of weight loss, fatigue, cough, and progressive shortness of breath. Her symptoms started with a nonproductive cough, and she later developed dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea. On physical examination, she was tachycardic and tachypneic. She had a thin, emaciated body habitus. She was visibly in respiratory distress with nasal flaring, tracheal tugging, and intercostal and subcostal retractions. She had diminished breath sounds at the bases and bibasilar crackles. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed multifocal ground-glass opacities throughout all lobes of both lungs with small bilateral pleural effusions and prominent bilateral hilar lymph nodes. We will discuss the approach to the initial evaluation and subsequent diagnosis.

Bodily secret(ion)s: Ulrike Draesner'sgedächtnisschleifen(1995)

AbstractFor Ulrike Draesner, there are clear parallels between West Germany in the 1950s and Germany during the years following reunification. Taking as its starting point Draesner's remark that memory must be viewed as a construct, this article explores embodied intergenerational memory in her debut poetry volumegedächtnisschleifen(1995).gedächtnisschleifenhas been commonly read alongside the poetry of Durs Grünbein, Thomas Kling, and other post‐Wende writers who represent divided Berlin as an opened, emaciated body. This article, however, takes a different angle, arguing thatgedächtnisschleifenrenders the body as a memory apparatus: Memory takes on the quality of a physical force or secretion, passed among bodies and across generations. Moreover, this article contends that Draesner reflects on and negotiates the role of third‐generation poetry vis‐à‐vis Germany's Nazi past.

Remembering the Herero-Nama Genocide in Namibia

Remembering the Herero-Nama Genocide in Namibia

2022 Hope Babette Tang Humanism in Healthcare Essay Contest: Second-Place Nursing Student Essay: A Song for the Dying.

2022 Hope Babette Tang Humanism in Healthcare Essay Contest: Second-Place Nursing Student Essay: A Song for the Dying.

A Review on the Ashtonindita, the reason they are included in Ashtonindita and their co-relation with Modern Sciences.

Ayurved is the science of life that deals with every aspect of life as this science of life has two main objectives i.e., protection and promotion of health and secondly cure of the diseases. Acharya Charaka has described eight types of Ashta–Nindita (undesirable constitution) viz. Ati-hrasva (Dwarfism/ short- statured), Ati-dirgha (Gigantism and Acromegaly),Ati-loma (Hairy body),A-Loma (Hairless body), Ati-krishna( Tanned body), Ati- Gaur (Albine body), Ati-sthula (Obesity), Ati- krusha (Emaciated body). As mentioned, these diseases are extremely difficult to treat, the main reason of them being difficult to treat or non- treatable are that these disorders are basically hormonal disorders and various new theories even after all this the disorders are extremely difficult to treat or non-treatable, thus proving the name given Ashto- Nindita as acceptable.

Poetry and the Camp: Epiphanic Witness and Ecstatic Cry in the Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1895–98

Poetry and the Camp: Epiphanic Witness and Ecstatic Cry in the Spanish-Cuban-American War of 1895–98

Double trouble? A mixed methods study exploring experiences with combined use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and psychoactive substances among women

Concurrent use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and psychoactive substances (illicit drugs and alcohol) is found common in studies among men and involves a higher risk of adverse events than AAS use alone. However, women who use AAS represent an understudied group, and little is known about their pattern of psychoactive substance use and possible links to AAS use. The aim of this mixed methods paper is to a) examine lifetime and problem use of psychoactive substances and AAS, and b) explore experiences of AAS and psychoactive substance use including understandings of how these substances may be related among women with current or previous AAS use.Among sixteen women with current or previous AAS use, lifetime psychoactive substance and AAS use, AAS dependence and problem drug and alcohol use were assessed. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically within a biopsychosocial framework applying pharmacological agency; the concept of bodily surveillance of effect and the ability to handle substances instrumentally to feel oneselves/ones bodies better.Twelve participants reported lifetime substance use, where cannabis, cocaine and amphetamines were most commonly used. Substance use problems were found among eight participants; five had lifetime AAS-dependence and clinically significant drug and/or alcohol dependence scores, two had lifetime AAS dependence, and one had clinically significant drug dependence scores. Psychoactive substance use was experienced as unrelated to AAS use or it could be used to counteract side effects of AAS. On the contrary, AAS was used to cope with the bodily and emotional change following withdrawal from psychoactive substances and to counteract bodily effects of long-term substance use. Being in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment after detoxification with affected mental health, a passive lifestyle and experiencing a transition from having an emaciated body, gaining weight and becoming unfit, was experienced to motivate AAS initiation during treatment.The polysubstance nature of AAS use including use of psychoactive substances and risk of developing SUDs poses a significant health risk. Health professionals need to understand motivations for combined use of AAS and psychoactive substances among women to be able to prevent harms and address individual treatment needs.

Phytochemical Constituents of Carrot (Daucus carota) Fruit Juice and its Hepatoprotective Property in CCl4-Induced Liver Cirrhotic Rats

Aim: This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents of Carrot fruit juice (CFJ) and its hepatoprotective property in CCl4-induced liver cirrhotic rats.&#x0D; Study Design: Sixty male rats of weight ranging from 150-180 g were completely randomized into six groups. All rats were administered 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 subcutaneously thrice weekly except groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 while rats in groups 3 and 6 and groups 4 and 5 orally received 2.5 and 5.0 ml/kg of CFJ on daily basis for 12 weeks.&#x0D; Results: The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening of extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrate, saponin, phenolic compound and tannins. The extract treated groups significantly revealed an increase in liver cirrhotic emaciated body weight and reduction in the liver index, a reversal of liver marker enzymes activities, an increase in enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants with a decrease in malondialdehyde level reduction in C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Exposure of animal to CCl4 induces oxidative stress, increases the generation of reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase activity, and reduces cell viability but was reversed by the CFJ.&#x0D; Conclusion: The result showed that CFJ is a promising therapeutic option for treating liver failure.

Are explicit and implicit affective attitudes toward different body shape categories related to the own body-satisfaction in young women? The role of mindfulness, self-compassion and social media activity

Implicit and explicit attitudes influence our behavior. Accordingly, it was the main goal of the paper to investigate if those attitudes are related to body image satisfaction. 134 young women between 18 and 34 years completed an explicit affective rating and an implicit affective priming task with pictures of women with different BMIs. Because it is well known that mindfulness, self-compassion and social media activity influence body image satisfaction, these variables were registered as well. The results confirmed an explicit positive affective bias toward pictures of slim women and a negative bias toward emaciated and obese body pictures. It adds to the literature that the explicit positive bias does not hold true for the strongest form of underweight, suggesting that instead of dividing different body shapes into two groups, different gradings of under- and overweight should be considered. Concerning the affective priming task, no significant differences between the different pictures could be carved out. Implicit and explicit affective attitudes were not related to the body satisfaction of the participating women. In line with former studies, body satisfaction was predicted by the actual-ideal weight discrepancy, the BMI, aspects of mindfulness and self-compassion. This study indicates that implicit and explicit affective attitudes toward underweight and overweight women are unrelated to the participants’ body satisfaction.

Brother's Keeper: Robert Smithson's Anti-Elegiac Pictures

1Brother's Keeper:Robert Smithson's Anti-Elegiac Pictures Suzaan Boettger (bio) The voice of thy brother's blood crieth to me from the earth. Genesis 4:10 Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Pietro Lorenzetti, (Italian, active Siena 1320–44), The Crucifixion, 1340s, tempera and gold leaf on wood, overall 16 1/2 x 12 1/2 in. (41.9 x 31.8 cm); painted surface 14 1/8 x 10 1/8 in. (35.9 x 25.7 cm), The Metropolitan Museum of Art, purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift and Gwynne Andrews Fund. New York City, NY, 2002. [End Page 559] Visual representations of death rarely show corporeal agonies. Even in its most plentiful rendering in Western art history, those of Jesus' crucifixion, as seen in the small devotional picture by the fourteenth-century Sienese Pietro Lorenzetti, His unblemished torso spews a single stream of blood. Depiction of the sight of Jesus' corpse is common, of the strife of ceasing to live, not so. In the modern period, viewing photographs of bloated torsos splayed on the Gettysburg battleground or of an emaciated body early in the AIDS epidemic offers perverse scrutiny of cadaverous degradation. But formal postmortem portraits customarily idealize inert mortality as "resting in peace." Or, as in John Sloan's early-twentieth-century portrait of Isaac L. Rice commissioned by his bereaved widow, death is denied by its title: Silence. That is, "Shush! He's sleeping." Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. John Sloan, Silence, 1915, etching, 9 7/8 × 11 15/16 in. (25.1 × 30.4 cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, 1926, Courtesy Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Soothing bereft mourners, the mood is honorific, the intention elegiac, a genre that literary critic Tammy Clewell aptly encapsulated as offering "consoling substitutes to heal the wounds of loss" (2004, p. 48). [End Page 560] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 3. Robert Smithson, Christ Series: Christ Carrying the Cross, 1960, ink and gouache on paper, 18 × 18 1/8 in. (45.7 × 46 cm), photographer: Paul Hester, Courtesy Menil Collection, Houston © Holt/Smithson Foundation / VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY. Robert Smithson's brash paintings of the Christian Savior in his death throes upturn all that.2 Expressionistically depicting a bloody process of dying, the imagery on canvas or paper is horrific, the mood vitriolic. Made in the early 1960s, Smithson declared of his work, "These paintings are not for arty chatter but for the lacerated soul" (1961b, p. 4). In spirit, they illustrate Melanie Klein's and John Bowlby's insights that mourning can include regressive feelings of anger and aggression, a process of ambivalent grieving. Applying and extending these, literary scholar Jahan Ramazani found "a resonant yet credible vocabulary for grief in our time—elegies that erupt with all the violence and irresolution, all the guilt and ambivalence of modern mourning" (1994, p. ix). [End Page 561] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 4. Robert Smithson, Jesus Mocked, 1961, oil/paper, 37-1/2 x 35 in. (95.3 x 88.9 cm.) © Holt/Smithson Foundation / VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY. Smithson's renderings of Christ's death exemplify what Ramazani terms the "anti-elegiac" (p. xi). The designation particularly applies to Smithson's evident ambivalences in his representation of the pictorial surrogate for the sibling whose death prompted his own birth—the predecessor whose sacrifice gave him his life but who in family lore becomes an obtrusive prototype. Smithson (1938-1973) is renowned as a distinctive American artist especially lauded for: • An innovative art form, "earthworks," consisting of huge mounds, trenches and marks carved in raw earth in remote expanses in the western United States. These were spatially environmental, but not politically environmentalist.3 [End Page 562] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 5. Alice Neel, Robert Smithson, 1962, o/canvas, 40 x 24 1/4 in (101.6 x 61.6 cm). The Locks Foundation, Philadelphia, © The Estate of Alice Neel, Courtesy the Estate of Alice Neel and David Zwirner. • Mordant and fantastical essays on the art of...

An Endoscopic Surprise in a Child With Chronic Diarrhea

An Endoscopic Surprise in a Child With Chronic Diarrhea

Retrosigmoid Approach for Resecting a Giant Lateral Pontine Ependymoma: Two-Dimensional Operative Video.

Ependymoma is one of the most common pediatric tumors in central nervous system, for which gross total resection has been the most favorable prognostic factor. 1 2 However, surgery of ependymomas located in brain stem is significantly challenging. This video demonstrates the microsurgical removal of an ependymoma originating from ependymal cells of the lateral recess of fourth ventricle via retrosigmoid approach in an 11-year-old female. The patient presented with a 6-month history of continues headache and vomiting. On examination, she had a walking instability and an emaciated body. Neuroimaging revealed a right lateral pontine lesion extending to the cerebellopontine angle region. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, followed by excellent exposure for the tumor. Petrosal vein encased by the tumor mass and close adhesion of the tumor and the initial segments of facial and acoustic nerves adjoined brain stem could be seen operatively. While preserving trigeminal nerve, facial and acoustic nerves, posterior cranial nerves, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, labyrinth artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and petrosal vein, gross total resection was achieved under the careful operation along arachnoid spaces together with intratumoral decompression. The patient tolerated the procedure well without any neurological deficits. Histological examination confirmed the tumor as an ependymoma (WHO II). The cytology measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid did not find any tumor cells. Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan depicted complete resection of the tumor, and adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended. She remained symptom-free without any evidence of recurrence during the follow-up period of 1 year. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/sZ9GhUeltwc .

Alienation and Lack of Trust

Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use became illegal when the Norwegian Drug Act was amended in 2013, and AAS and other image- and performance-enhancing drugs were included in the politics and treatment of substance use. Few individuals with AAS-related health problems seek substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This article aims to explore understandings of AAS dependence, barriers to treatment-seeking, and experiences of entering SUD treatment among a sample of men with AAS-related health problems struggling to cease AAS use. Seeking treatment for AAS-related health problems within SUD treatment services was described as alienating. First, because the participants experienced their struggle to quit using AAS to be different from being dependent upon psychoactive substances. They linked their struggles to symptoms of hormonal disturbance, need for a certain body size, and/or the sense of wellbeing provided by AAS and which enable them to function socially. Second, they experienced alienation because of their healthy identities, bodies and lifestyles, as opposed to how they viewed individuals with severe SUDs and emaciated bodies. A major barrier to treatment-seeking was participants’ lack of trust that SUD treatment providers had the knowledge and the means to provide treatment of their AAS-related health problems and struggle to quit AAS use. Experienced barriers towards seeking SUD treatment should be taken into account when planning, organizing and implementing health services for individuals with AAS-related health problems.

Establishment of rat model of cardiorenal syndrome by transabdominal subtotal nephrectomy

Objective: To evaluate the changes of rat renal function and cardiac function after transabdominal subtotal nephrectomy (STNx) and provide an ideal animal model for the study of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Methods: The SD rats (male, 5-6 weeks) were randomly divided into Sham group (n=10) and STNx group (n=10). The rats from Sham group underwent sham surgery, and the right nephrectomy plus the 2/3 left kidney artery ligation through abdominal incision were performed in the rats from STNx group. Twelve weeks after operation, the rat serum creatinine and renal pathology were examined, the size and fibrosis of cardiac cells were also observed, after the changes of cardiac function being detected by echocardiography. Results: Twelve weeks after the operation, STNx group rats were generally in poor condition, with a emaciated body, absorption of the renal infarct tissue, uneven surface, and residual renal tissue compensatory hypertrophy. The serum creatinine in Sham group and STNx group was (22.10±1.64) μmol/L and (52.80±3.34) μmol/L, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Compared with Sham group, the echocardiography results demonstrated that the thickness of left ventricular wall of rats from STNx group increased, the left ventricular volume decreased, and the diastolic and systolic function of left ventricular descended. The HE staining showed that the glomerulus, tubules and interstitial renal morphology were normal in Sham group, and glomerular sclerosis was observed in STNx group. And the Masson staining declared that the renal fibrous tissue distribution was normal in Sham group, and severe renal interstitial fibrosis was observed in STNx group. The wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining of myocardial tissue showed that myocardial cells in STNx group were larger than those in Sham group (1.293±0.060 vs 1.000±0.059, P<0.001). Moreover, the HE staining showed that there was partial myocardial tissue necrosis and fibrosis in STNx group, and severe myocardial fibrosis was observed in STNx group by Masson staining. Conclusion: Similar pathophysiological changes in human CKD were observed in the rats CKD model by transabdominal STNx, and the cardiac effects of this model make it an ideal choice to study CRS.

Captive husbandry and veterinary care of seabirds during the MV Rena oil spill response

Abstract ContextSeabirds were the most common taxa captured alive as part of the oiled wildlife response to the grounding of the container vessel MV Rena in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. AimsTo describe the management of seabirds during the spill response, to outline the common problems encountered and to make recommendations for future responses. MethodsSeabirds were collected from 7 October 2011 to 14 January 2012. They were stabilised and underwent pretreatment, washing and rinsing procedures to remove oil, followed by swimming physiotherapy to restore waterproofing and long-term housing in outdoor aviaries. The birds were released in batches close to the original sites of capture once the wild habitat was cleaned. Key results428 live seabirds were admitted. There were two temporal peaks in admissions associated with the ship grounding and when the ship broke up. The majority of live birds were little penguins (Eudyptula minor; 394/428, 92%). Most seabirds admitted (393/428, 91.8%) were contaminated with heavy fuel oil, with the remainder (35/428, 8.2%) found unoiled but starving and/or exhausted or with injuries. Little penguins had lower mortality during rehabilitation (28/394, 7.1%) than other seabird species combined (27/34, 79.4%). Seabirds in poorer body condition on arrival had higher mortality, and unoiled birds were also more likely to die than oiled birds. In oiled little penguins, the degree of oiling on the plumage ranged from 1 to 100%, but mortality was not significantly associated with the degree of oiling (P=0.887). Pododermatitis affected 66% of little penguins. The most common causes of death (n=45) included weakness, anaemia and hypothermia in oiled seabirds (16/45, 35.6%), and starvation and weakness in unoiled seabirds (14/45, 31.1%). ConclusionsTotal survival to release was 87.1%, primarily influenced by the species involved and the body condition of the birds on arrival. Unoiled seabirds had higher mortality rates than oiled seabirds. ImplicationsOiled wildlife can be rehabilitated with good success, even when heavily oiled, or to a lesser extent, when found in poor body condition. More work is needed to refine species-specific rehabilitation protocols for seabirds, especially for those being admitted in emaciated body condition.

Investigation of a Largescale Common Murre ( Uria aalge) Mortality Event in California, USA, in 2015.

From August through December 2015, beachcast bird survey programs reported increased deposition of Common Murres ( Uria aalge) on central and northern California beaches, but not on southern California beaches. Coastal wildlife rehabilitation centers received more than 1,000 live, stranded, and debilitated murres from Sonoma County to San Luis Obispo County during August-October. Approximately two-thirds of admitted birds were after-hatch-year birds in emaciated body condition and in various stages of molt, with extremely worn plumage. Necropsies were done on a sample ( n=35) of birds to determine the probable cause of death of beachcast carcasses. Most birds examined during necropsy were emaciated, with starvation the most likely cause of death. Birds were also tested for underlying infectious diseases at the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center and harmful algal bloom toxins at the University of California at Santa Cruz and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Twenty-four out of 29 tested birds had detectable levels of domoic acid, and no indication of infectious disease was found. Emaciation is thought to be the cause of death for these birds, with a large warm water anomaly and harmful algal bloom playing a secondary detrimental role.

(Ne)Moguće mučeništvo - maskulinitet, starenje, bolest i smrt u filmovima 'Tumstoun' i 'Logan'

The title of this paper alludes to Hannah Arendt's famous claim that in Nazi concentration camps martyrdom was made impossible, for the first time in Western history, by the utter anonymity and meaninglessness of inmates' deaths (Arendt, 2000, p. 133): the paper, in contrast, examines two contemporary films which, while intersecting normative/heroic masculinity with debilitating illness and death, allow for the possibility of martyrdom. Tombstone and Logan, directed by George P. Cosmatos and James Mangold respectively, depict the last days of such pop culture icons of masculinity as John Henry 'Doc' Holliday and James Howlett, aka Logan/Wolverine. The films' thematic focus on the (protracted) ending of life, which is evident not only in the storylines and dialogues but also in the numerous close-ups of emaciated, bleeding, scarred and prostrate male bodies, afflicted with tuberculosis and cancer-like adamantium poisoning, invites, first, a discussion of the relationship between the cinematic representations of normative and disabled masculinities. Specifically, since normative masculinity, as opposed to femininity, is synonymous with physical and mental strength, power and domination - including the control of one's own body - the focus of this discussion is if, and how, the films depict Doc Holliday and Wolverine as feminized by their failing/disobedient bodies, thus contributing to the cultural construction of gender. Secondly, the paper discusses the halo of martyrdom with which the films' dying men are rewarded as emotionally deeply satisfying to the viewer: in Logan and Tombstone, death is not averted but hastened for the sake of friendship, family, and the protection of the vulnerable and the marginalized. While the films offer comforting fantasies of self-sacrifice and dignity-restoring death as an antidote to the brutally depicted aging and illness, the last question to be posed in the paper is whether this (im)possible martyrdom reaffirms normative, ablebodied and dominating masculinity.

Diencephalic Syndrome as Presentation of Giant Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Management Review.

Diencephalic syndrome (DES) is an extremely uncommon occurrence, and approximately 100 cases have been reported. It presents as a failure to thrive in infants and children but rarely occurs in adult population. The characteristic clinical features of DES include severely emaciated body, normal linear growth and normal or precocious intellectual development, hyperalertness, hyperkinesis, and euphoria usually associated with intracranial sellar–suprasellar mass lesion, usually optico-chiasmatic glioma or hypothalamic mass. DES as a presentation of craniopharyngioma is extremely uncommon but can also occur with brain stem mass. Detailed PubMed and MEDLINE search for craniopharyngioma associated with DES yielded only six cases in children below 6 years of age. Thus, we reviewed a total of seven cases including previously published six cases and added additional our own case. Overall, the mean age at diagnosis was 4.15 years with male:female ratio of 4:3, the mean time interval between symptom of DES appearance and final diagnosis was 6.6 months. The most commonly observed symptom of DES was weight loss (85%). The clinical feature, imaging, and management of such rare syndrome along with pertinent literature are briefly reviewed.