Elevated Carbon Dioxide Research Articles

Modelling nitrogen translocation to grain under elevated carbon dioxide in wheat

Modelling nitrogen translocation to grain under elevated carbon dioxide in wheat

Data on transgenerational memory effects of photosynthetic efficiency of twelve wheat varieties under elevated carbon dioxide concentration and reduced soil water availability

Data on transgenerational memory effects of photosynthetic efficiency of twelve wheat varieties under elevated carbon dioxide concentration and reduced soil water availability

Could Elevated CO2 Ameliorate the Negative Effects of Elevated O3 On Yield and Quality of Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.))?

ABSTRACT This research investigates the effects of elevated ozone (eO3), elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), and their combined impact (eO3+eCO2) on the yield and quality of mustard crops through a Free Air Ozone and Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FAOE/FACE) experiment conducted in an open-field setting. This study aimed to examine a range of seed quality traits (fatty acid composition, glucosinolates, sulfur, and crude protein) and yield attributes after harvest across different mustard varieties, to understand the responses of these crops to changing atmospheric conditions and identify genotypes with enhanced resilience to eO3 and adaptability to future eCO2 (550 ± 10ppm) levels. The findings demonstrate that eO3 (65 ± 10ppb) significantly reduces yield by impacting quaternary branches, seed yield, biomass and other yield-related parameters, whereas eCO2 promotes yield by increasing photosynthesis and subsequent photosynthate accumulation. Notably, eCO2 mitigated the adverse effects of eO3 on yield and fatty acid composition, indicating that eCO2 is a potential buffer against ozone-induced stress. Pusa Bold exhibited superior performance among the studied varieties, showing particular resilience to eO3 and benefiting from eCO2 enhancement. The results suggest that selecting genotypes with tolerance to ozone and favorable responses to elevated CO2 could be pivotal in sustaining mustard production under future climatic conditions.

Warming increased the promotion of atmospheric CO2 concentration on biological nitrogen fixation by changing the nifH gene community.

Warming increased the promotion of atmospheric CO2 concentration on biological nitrogen fixation by changing the nifH gene community.

Short-term exposure to combined elevated carbon dioxide and temperatures influences the antimicrobial activity of selected Bulbine species

Short-term exposure to combined elevated carbon dioxide and temperatures influences the antimicrobial activity of selected Bulbine species

Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the control of lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) in stored rice and its impact on seed quality

This study evaluated the effects of carbon dioxide (CO?) exposure at different concentrations, seed moisture levels and number of exposures on the physiological, biochemical and seed health characteristics of rice cv ADT 43. Initially, rice seeds were treated in a deep freezer for 48 h to eliminate Rhyzoperth dominica infestations. Fresh insects (25 per kg of seeds) were introduced and kept for 20 days before transferring the seeds to airtight containers. The seeds were exposed to CO? once or thrice at 15-day intervals, using CO? concentrations of 30%, 40% and 50%, with 12% and 14% seed moisture contents. The effectiveness of CO? in controlling insect infestations was assessed, alongside its impact on seed viability, germination and overall seed health. Seeds were monitored over 8 months to track changes in seed vigor and insect damage. CO? exposure did not cause substantial changes in seed moisture content and maintained low metabolic activity in both seeds and insects. The best results were observed with exposure to 50% CO? at 12% seed moisture, especially when repeated thrice, preserved optimal seed quality, including high germination percentage (86% to 87%), longer root (20.3cm) and shoot lengths (9.2) and better dry matter production (DMP) (0.128) compared to the control group. The results of the biochemical analysis show that there is no significant difference among the treatments. CO? fumigation at concentrations of 30%, 40%, or 50% is an effective method that offers a promising alternative for controlling insect infestations in rice seeds pest control in seed storage without adversely affecting seed viability or quality.

Climate-induced shifts in sulfate dynamics regulate anaerobic methane oxidation in a coastal wetland.

Anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) is a key microbial pathway that mitigates methane emissions in coastal wetlands, but the response of AMO to changing global climate remains poorly understood. Here, we assessed the response of AMO to climate change in a brackish coastal wetland using a 5-year field manipulation of warming and elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2). Sulfate (SO42-)-dependent AMO (S-DAMO) was the predominant AMO process at our study site due to tidal inputs of SO42-. However, SO42- dynamics responded differently to the treatments; warming reduced SO42- concentration by enhancing SO42- reduction, while eCO2 increased SO42- concentration by enhancing SO42- regeneration. S-DAMO rates mirrored these trends, with warming decreasing S-DAMO rates and eCO2 stimulating them. These findings underscore the potential of climate change to alter soil AMO activities through changing SO42- dynamics, highlighting the need to incorporate these processes in predictive models for more accurate representations of coastal wetland methane dynamics.

Exploring ripening suppression in peach fruit during controlled atmosphere storage with transcriptome insights

This study evaluated the effectiveness of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage in preserving the post-harvest quality of peaches (Prunus persica), focusing on delaying ripening and extending shelf life. Peaches harvested 110 days after bloom were stored under CA conditions with reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide at low temperatures. CA storage significantly suppressed internal and external discoloration, maintained fruit firmness, and reduced ethylene production, contributing to prolonged freshness and marketability. Physiological assessments revealed that CA storage slowed the decline in firmness, minimized weight loss, and controlled respiration and ethylene production, particularly at 10 °C. Transcriptome analysis identified approximately 1971 differentially expressed genes associated with CA storage. Among these, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes such as ACC synthase 1, ACC synthase 6, and ACC oxidase 1 were significantly downregulated under CA conditions, leading to the suppression of ethylene production. This reduction in ethylene biosynthesis likely played a critical role in delaying the ripening process during storage. As a result of the suppressed ethylene signaling, the expression of key cell wall-degrading enzymes, including polygalacturonase and pectate lyase family, was also notably reduced. This downregulation contributed to the maintenance of fruit firmness by minimizing enzymatic degradation of the cell wall. CA storage also modulates the activity of reactive oxygen species-related enzymes, enhancing fruit resistance to oxidative stress. These findings highlight the targeted benefits of CA storage in extending the shelf life of peaches by delaying ripening, maintaining fruit firmness, and reducing spoilage. This approach offers a scientifically supported strategy to minimize post-harvest losses and enhance economic returns in the horticultural industry.

Wolbachia infection facilitates adaptive increase in male egg size in response to environmental changes

Under challenging conditions such as maladapted biotic and abiotic conditions, females can plastically adjust their egg size (gamete or zygote size) to counteract fitness declines early in life. Recent evidence suggests that endosymbionts may enhance this egg-size plasticity. Possible endosymbionts’ modification of impact of multiple stressors is not well explored. Therefore, this study aims to test (1) whether Wolbachia infection influences the plasticity of parental investment in egg size under suboptimal environmental conditions and (2) whether the plasticity depends on the sex of eggs. We used three lines of the azuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis): a line coinfected with the wBruCon and wBruOri Wolbachia strains, a cured line infected solely with the wBruCon, and an uninfected (cured) line. These lines were subjected to either a control environment or a simulated climate change environment (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide levels, eT&CO2) to examine Wolbachia infection effects on parental investment in their offspring (egg size) and its subsequent impact on offspring fitness, including survival, development, and adult lifespan under starvation. After two days of eT&CO2 exposure, coinfected parents increased male egg size only. Larger eggs developed faster in both sexes and exhibited higher survival. However, offspring adult lifespan was not influenced by egg size but by environment, sex, Wolbachia infection, and development time: eT&CO2 reduced male lifespan but not female lifespan, the singly-infected line females lived longer than coinfected and uninfected line females, and shorter development time linked to longer lifespan. The negative correlation between development time and lifespan was higher under eT&CO2 but not sex-specific. This study is the first to demonstrate sex-specific egg size plasticity associated with Wolbachia infection in species with sex determination systems other than haplodiploid.

Impacts of Climate Change on Plant-Insect Interactions in Agricultural Ecosystems

Climate change is altering the structure and function of different ecosystems around the globe, with agricultural ecosystems being more responsive to climate change. And food production in agricultural ecosystems, for example, is closely linked to plant-insect interactions. In the context of global climate change, rising carbon dioxide concentrations and increasing temperatures are altering plant-insect interactions. In this paper, we summarise the progress of research in the field of plant-insect interactions in agricultural ecosystems on the impacts of two major factors, namely, climate warming and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, and discuss the direction of future research.

Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide to Microcystis aeruginosa under different forms of phosphorus sources.

Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide to Microcystis aeruginosa under different forms of phosphorus sources.

Progressive adaptation of microalgae consortium to elevated carbon dioxide coupled with enhanced production of essential fatty acids

Progressive adaptation of microalgae consortium to elevated carbon dioxide coupled with enhanced production of essential fatty acids

Detection of central and obstructive sleep apneas in mice: A new surgical and recording protocol.

Sleep apnea is a common respiratory disorder in humans and consists of recurrent episodes of cessation of breathing or decrease in airflow during sleep. Sleep apnea can be classified as central or obstructive, based on its origin. Central sleep apnea results from an impaired transmission of the signal for inspiration from the brain to inspiratory muscles, while obstructive sleep apnea occurs in the presence of an obstruction of the upper airways during inspiration. This condition leads to repetitive episodes of reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream, which entail both direct and indirect adverse effects on vital organs, especially the brain and heart. Basic research on animal models has been instrumental in advancing the understanding of disease mechanisms and pathophysiology, and in expediting the development of targeted therapies in several medical fields. Among animal models, mice are the mammalian species of choice for functional genomics of integrative functions such as sleep. Mice have long been known to show sleep apneas, but the classification of sleep apneas as central or obstructive in mice is technically challenging due to the small size of these animals. Here we present a method aimed at identifying central and obstructive sleep apneas in mice. This method involves the surgical implantation of electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram and nuchal muscle electromyogram, which are the gold standard to study the wake-sleep cycle, and for recording the diaphragm electromyogram, which allows the detection of diaphragm contraction. The method also includes the simultaneous recording of the above-mentioned biological signals and breathing inside a whole-body plethysmograph and the data analysis allows to score wake-sleep states and to detect sleep apneas and categorize them into central and obstructive events.

Peanut leaf transcriptomic dynamics reveals insights into the acclimation response to elevated carbon dioxide under semiarid conditions.

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] increases peanut carbon assimilation and productivity. However, the molecular basis of such responses is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that maintaining high photosynthesis under long-term elevated [CO2] is associated with the shift in C metabolism gene expression regulation. We used a field CO2 enrichment system to examine the effects of elevated [CO2] (ambient + 250 ppm) across different soil water availability and plant developmental stages on the molecular responses in a peanut runner-type genotype. Plants under both [CO2] treatments were grown in semiarid conditions. We evaluated a comparative leaf transcriptomic profile across three periodic water deficit/re-hydration (well-watered/recovery) cycles throughout the growing season using RNAseq analysis. Our results showed that the transcriptome responses were influenced by [CO2], water availability, and developmental stages. The traditional Mercator annotation analysis based on percentage total revealed that lipid metabolism, hormone biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and transport were the most regulated biological processes. However, our new approach based on the comparative relative percentage change per individual category across stages revealed new insights into the gene expression patterns of biological functional groups, highlighting the relevance of the C-related pathways regulated by elevated [CO2]. The photosynthesis analysis showed that 1) The light reaction was the most upregulated pathway by elevated [CO2] during water stress, 2) Photorespiration was downregulated across all stages, 3) Sucrose synthesis genes were upregulated by elevated [CO2] before stress, 4) Starch synthesis genes were upregulated by elevated [CO2] under drought periods, and 5) CO2 regulation of sucrose and starch degradation was critical under drought periods. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis underlying the photosynthetic acclimation response to elevated [CO2] in peanuts.

Plant Nitrogen Assimilation: A Climate Change Perspective.

Of all the essential macronutrients necessary for plant growth and development, nitrogen is required in the greatest amounts. Nitrogen is a key component of important biomolecules like proteins and has high nutritive importance for humans and other animals. Climate change factors, such as increasing levels of carbon dioxide, increasing temperatures, and increasing watering regime, directly or indirectly influence plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation dynamics. The impacts of these stressors can directly threaten our primary source of nitrogen as obtained from the soil by plants. In this review, we discuss how climate change factors can influence nitrogen uptake and assimilation in cultivated plants. We examine the effects of these factors alone and in combination with species of both C3 and C4 plants. Elevated carbon dioxide, e[CO2], causes the dilution of nitrogen in tissues of non-leguminous C3 and C4 plants but can increase nitrogen in legumes. The impact of high-temperature (HT) stress varies depending on whether a species is leguminous or not. Water stress (WS) tends to result in a decrease in nitrogen assimilation. Under some, though not all, conditions, e[CO2] can have a buffering effect against the detrimental impacts of other climate change stressors, having an ameliorating effect on the adverse impacts of HT or WS. Together, HT and WS are seen to cause significant reductions in biomass production and nitrogen uptake in non-leguminous C3 and C4 crops. With a steadily rising population and rapidly changing climate, consideration must be given to the morphological and physiological effects that climate change will have on future crop health and nutritional quality of N.

Reprogramming feedback strength in gibberellin biosynthesis highlights conditional regulation by the circadian clock and carbon dioxide.

The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is an important regulator of plant morphology and reproduction, and the biosynthesis and distribution of GA in planta is agriculturally relevant to past and current breeding efforts. Tools like biosensors, extensive molecular genetic resources in reference plants and mathematical models have greatly contributed to current understanding of GA homeostasis; however, these tools are difficult to tune or repurpose for engineering crop plants. Previously, we showed that a GA-regulated Hormone Activated CAS9-based Repressor (GAHACR) functions in planta . Here, we use GAHACRs to modulate the strength of feedback on endemic GA regulated genes, and to directly test the importance of transcriptional feedback in GA signaling. We first adapted existing mathematical models to predict the impact of targeting a GAHACR to different nodes in the GA biosynthesis pathway, and then implemented a perturbation predicted by the model to lower GA levels. Specifically, we individually targeted either the biosynthetic gene GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) or the GA receptor GID1, and characterized primary root length, flowering time and the transcriptome of these transgenic lines. Using this approach, we identified a strong connection between GA signaling status and the circadian clock, which can be largely attenuated by elevated carbon dioxide levels. Our results identify a node in the GA signaling pathway that can be engineered to modulate plant size and flowering time. Our results also raise concerns that rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration are likely to reverse many of the gains of Green Revolution crops.

Nitrogen fertilization form and energetic status as target points conditioning rice responsiveness to elevated [CO2

The nitrogen (N) fertilization form and plant energy status are known to significantly influence plant responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. However, a close examination of the interplay between N sources under contrasting light intensity has been notably absent in the literature. In this study, we conducted a factorial experiment with rice plants involving two different light intensities (150 and 300 µmol m-2 s-1), inorganic N sources [nitrate (N-NO3) or ammonium nitrate (N-NH4NO3)] at varying CO2 levels (410 and 700 parts per million, ppm). The aim was to examine the individual and combined effects of these factors on the allocation of biomass in whole plants, as well as on leaf-level photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast morphology and development, ATP content, ionomics, metabolomics, and hormone profiles. Our research hypothesis posits that mixed nutrition enhances plant responsiveness to elevated CO2 (eCO2) at both light levels compared to sole N-NO3 nutrition, due to its diminished energy demands for plant assimilation. Our findings indicate that N-NO3 nutrition does not promote the growth of rice, its photosynthetic capacity, or N content when exposed to ambient CO2 (aCO2), and is significantly reduced in low light (LL) conditions. Rice plants with N-NH4NO3 exhibited a higher carboxylation capacity, which resulted in larger biomass (total C, tiller number, and lower root-shoot ratio) supported by higher Calvin-cycle-related sugars. The lower leaf N content and overall amino acid levels at eCO2, particularly pronounced in N-NO3, combined with the lower ATP content (lowest at LL and N-NO3), may reflect the higher energy costs of N assimilation at eCO2. We also observed significant plasticity patterns in leaves under eCO2. Our findings highlight the importance of a thorough physiological understanding to inform innovative management practices aimed at mitigating the negative effects of climate change on plant N use efficiency.

Elevated carbon dioxide and substrate composition affect growth, nutrient uptake, and water use efficiency in blueberry cultivation under greenhouse

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are a valuable crop with growing demand due to their nutritional and health benefits. Optimizing their cultivation under controlled environmental conditions as the use of supplemental carbon dioxide (CO2), offers a promising avenue to enhance growth. However, the interaction between elevated CO2 levels and substrate composition on physiological parameters and nutrient dynamics in blueberry plants remains underexplored. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate CO2 supplementation in the growth and production under controlled conditions in a greenhouse with different substrate composition. Physiological parameters, mineral composition, production, water use efficiency (WUE), nutrient use efficiency (NUE), and nitrite and nitrate concentration were determined in plants grown in 3 substrates with different physical-chemical characteristics. Results showed that CO2 (1000 ppm) positively influenced the growth and production of blueberry. The plants grown in the S2 (100% coconut fiber) or S3 (90% coconut fiber and 10% perlite) under elevated CO2 presented higher the photosynthetic rates. This result in relation to S1 (70% coconut fiber and 30% peat) attributed to the composition of the substrate. However, S1 or S3 presented higher WUE and NUE under elevated CO2, increase water use and carbon assimilation. Elevated CO2 did not increase macronutrients and micronutrients concentration in leaf and fruit. However, plants grown in S2 have a low nitrogen absorption and adaptation to assimilate. Therefore, the results indicate that the addition of perlite in S3 followed by peat in S1 were more suitable than S2 under elevated CO2, since the plants were able to absorb nitrogen and water more effectively providing higher yield in the S3.

Methane Emissions from Seedlings of the Cyprus Variety of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Under Drought and Heat Stress Factors at Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Methane Emissions from Seedlings of the Cyprus Variety of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Under Drought and Heat Stress Factors at Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Divergent Responses of CH4 Emissions and Uptake to Global Change Drivers

AbstractGlobal changes strongly affect methane (CH4) emissions and uptake. However, it is unclear how CH4 emissions and uptake across rice paddy fields, uplands, and natural wetlands are affected by global change drivers, including nitrogen (N) addition, elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), warming (W), and precipitation (P). Here, we collected 1,250 observations of manipulated experiments from 303 publications during 1980–2020, encompassing 1,154 observations of single‐factor experiments and 96 observations of two‐paired experiments, and analyzed the effects of global change drivers on CH4 emissions and uptake. Results showed CH4 emissions were stimulated by eCO2, W, and increased P (IP). CH4 uptake was inhibited by N and IP but significantly enhanced by W and decreased P. The combined effects of the four global change drivers significantly inhibited CH4 uptake (−9[−12, −6] %) and stimulated CH4 emissions (13[7, 19] %). Two‐factor interactions significantly reduced CH4 emissions (−15[−27, −1] %) and insignificantly reduced uptake (−10[−19, 0] %). The interactive effects of any two global change drivers were mostly antagonistic. Random forest analysis indicated that the important factors affecting the responses of CH4 emissions or uptake to different global change drivers varied. The structural equation model confirmed that climate, soil properties, and wetness index consistently played a remarkable role in regulating the responses of CH4 emissions and uptake to global change drivers. This synthesis highlights an urgent need to consider the individual and interactive effects of multiple global change drivers on CH4 emissions and uptake for a better understanding of the methane‐climate feedback.