Eleutherine bulbosa is a medicinal plant known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols and flavonoids, which contribute to its notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of E. bulbosa tubers was performed using 96% ethanol (EtOH_96), water (W), and a 1:1 ethanol-water mixture (EtOH_96:W). The extracts were assessed for biological activities through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and anti-inflammatory tests. Among the solvents, EtOH_96 yielded the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 202.2 ± 17.6 µg/mL (DPPH) and 250.8 ± 7.8 µg/mL (ABTS). These effects corresponded to elevated levels of polyphenols (94.9 ± 4.0 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)) and flavonoids (119.3 ± 17.1 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight (DW)). Additionally, the EtOH_96 extract displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 6.25 mg/mL and suppressed heat-induced protein denaturation with an IC50 value of 86.0 µg/mL, highlighting E. bulbosa tubers as a credible source of phytotherapeutics for both animal and human use.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women globally, influenced by inflammatory mediators like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). Although, tamoxifen is a standard therapy for breast cancer, its effectiveness is often limited by adverse side effects and development of resistance. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic potential of tamoxifen and Eleutherine bulbosa ethanol extract in modulating TNF-α levels and improving breast tissue morphology in mouse model of breast cancer. Breast cancer was induced in five of six BALB/c mouse groups (n = 36) by oral administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) for 28 days, while the negative control remained uninduced. Following induction, the mice received oral treatments with E. bulbosa extract (180 mg/kg) and tamoxifen (10 mg/kg), administered either individually or in sequential combination for 14 days. Serum TNF-α levels were assessed on day 15 using ELISA, and breast tissue morphology was examined histologically. All treatment groups showed a significant TNF-α reduction compared to the positive control (p < 0.001). The sequential administration of tamoxifen followed by E. bulbosa produced the most pronounced reduction in TNF-α levels (53.32 ± 4.94 ng/mL), approaching that observed in the Negative Control group (40.10 ± 5.10 ng/mL). This effect was significantly greater than that achieved with E. bulbosa extract alone (87.48 ± 3.70 ng/mL) or tamoxifen monotherapy (65.68 ± 6.51 ng/mL). Histopathological analysis showed significant improvements in breast tissue morphology, closely resembling normal histological architecture. In conclusion, tamoxifen combined with E. bulbosa extract showed superior efficacy in reducing TNF-α and restoring breast tissue.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined extracts of Eleutherine bulbosa and Zingiber officinale as an antihyperuricemic therapy in mice. The research employed a post-test only control group design with seven treatment groups, consisting of a negative control, a positive control (allopurinol), and five groups receiving different doses and ratios of the combined extracts. Uric acid levels were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the combined extracts significantly reduced uric acid levels compared to the negative control, although no significant differences were observed among the combination groups. The combination dose of 300 mg/kg body weight with a 1:2 ratio produced a reduction in uric acid levels most comparable to the positive control. In conclusion, the combination of E. bulbosa and Z. officinale shows potential as an antihyperuricemic agent; however, further studies are required to explore the cellular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and related gene expression involved. Keywords: Eleutherine bulbosa, Hyperurisemia,Combination of Extracts, Zingiber officinale

As a traditional medicinal plant rich in flavonoids, Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) has great potential as a functional food. However, its high water content requires a proper drying process to maintain its bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the effects of oven drying temperatures 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C on the total flavonoid content (TFC), quercetin levels, and antioxidant activity of Dayak onion. Samples were dried to a target moisture content of 12% and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HPLC, and the DPPH method. The results showed a positive linear relationship between drying temperature and phytochemical quality. 60°C was the most effective condition, increasing TFC from 45.05 mg/L to 101.42 mg/L (2.25-fold), quercetin levels from 9.13 ppm to 17.51 ppm (1.91-fold), and significantly increasing antioxidant activity (decrease in IC₅₀ value). Thus, controlled drying at 60°C is an effective method to improve the quality and functional value of Dayak onions.

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) have great potential in supporting the economy of forest communities through sustainable utilization based on local wisdom. This study aims to analyze the potential of NTFPs, identify value chains, and formulate development strategies to improve the welfare of forest communities. The study was conducted in three villages: Tuwung Village, Luwuk Kanan Village, and Sei Gohong Village in Central Kalimantan. The research method used a qualitative and quantitative approach through interviews, observations, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and market analysis. The development strategy analysis used SWOT. The results showed that NTFPs: rattan (Calamus spp.), stingless bee honey (Trigona sp.), and medicinal plants: bajakah (Uncaria gambir Roxb.), Dayak onion/lemba onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) are the types of NTFPs most dominantly utilized by the community, both for personal use, sale, or partly for personal use and partly for sale. However, the NTFP value chain is still weak in post-harvest aspects, processing, and market access. The SWOT analysis results show that the NTFP product development strategy falls into Quadrant IV (defensive strategy). This defensive strategy involves rationalizing activities, focusing on one or two potential superior products. Tuwung Village focuses on stingless bee honey, Luwuk Kanan Village on rattan, and Sei Gohong on medicinal plants (bajakah, Dayak onions/lemba onions). Furthermore, strengthening community capacity, improving group institutions, diversifying products, and supporting policies are key to realizing a sustainable NTFP-based economy. This study confirms that value chain development and appropriate strategies for selecting NTFP products are crucial for promoting inclusive and sustainable economic development for communities surrounding forests in Central Kalimantan.

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) and Allium cepa L. (including garlic and onion peel) are medicinal plants that have long been traditionally used to treat cancer, diabetes, hypertension, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Recent scientific studies emphasize the importance of extract standardization to ensure consistent quality, safety, and efficacy. Standardization includes specific parameters—such as organoleptic identification, water- and ethanol-soluble extract values, phytochemical profiles, and determination of marker compounds—and nonspecific parameters such as moisture content, loss on drying, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. Ethanol extract of E. bulbosa showed moisture and drying loss values below 10%, total flavonoid content of around 1.2%, and positive phytochemical tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones. Onion peel extract contains a high flavonoid content (7.84 mg QE/g) with moderate antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC₅₀ 152.65 µg/mL), while fermented garlic (black garlic) contains more than 12% polyphenols and more than 2% flavonoids, as well as a high level of S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) as a stable bioactive compound. The pharmacological activities of these standardized extracts include strong antioxidant effects, α-glucosidase inhibition for antidiabetic activity, induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis as anticancer potential, membrane disruption and enzyme inhibition for antimicrobial activity, as well as COX/LOX modulation for anti-inflammatory effects. These activities are directly correlated with the secondary metabolite composition of each material. With their phytochemical richness and diverse biological activities, E. bulbosa and A. cepa have great potential as raw materials for standardized herbal products. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to validate their therapeutic efficacy and to support the development of evidence-based phytopharmaceuticals.

Eleutherine bulbosa (Miller) Urb, popularly known as "marupazinho", is frequently used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including hypertension, ulcers, constipation, and intestinal infection. However, there is little scientific knowledge available regarding the pharmacological effects of this species. Thus in vivo and in silico phytochemical studies are required to establish whether this plant has these effects. Further tests were necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the compounds found in this plant, and demonstrate results related to the anti-inflammatory process, which will serve as the basis for future research in this area. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the acute toxicity levels of the hexanoic fraction of the ethanolic extract of Eleutherine bulbosa (referred to as ExtHF) using adult zebrafish, with the determination of the LD50, behavioral and histopathological evaluations, as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of ExtHF, at different doses, in abdominal edema induced by carrageenan. The acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis in zebrafish showed that ExtHF has a high toxic potential, with an LD50 of 346.74 mg/kg. However, ExtHF showed an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting abdominal edema at all doses tested. The inhibition rate of 66.2% and 62.4%, respectively, was observed with the 2.5 mg/kg dose, respectively, indicating that ExtHF is safe in terms of acute toxicity based on behavioral changes, mortality rate, and histopathological examination. Therefore, ExtHF has an acceptable level of safety for acute toxicity, defined by the analysis of behavioral changes, mortality, and histopathology, showing a significant anti-inflammatory effect in zebrafish at all doses, showing that ExtHF was very efficient in preventing the formation of edema, in addition, it was also revealed that ExtHF has a great effect in reversing the edema which is already installed. Molecular docking studies revealed that the eleutherol molecule isolated from E. bulbosa has a dual inhibition profile against cyclooxygenase-1 and 2.

Diabetes mellitus is becoming a severe health problem with associated economic and societal impacts. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases in the world, and the prevalence is projected to increase, reaching 643 and 783 million by 2030 and 2045, respectively. This disease is characterized by a diminished responsiveness of the liver and muscle cells to insulin, causing fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) is a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant proven to have many pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and phytochemical analysis of E. bulbosa Urb. Bulbs purified extract from Lampo Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The bulb extract of E. bulbosa Urb was assessed for its antidiabetic activity in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection were used to characterize the phytochemical composition and quantify the analytes, with Eleuthoside B as a marker compound. The purified extract exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 5.29 mg/mL. Eleuthoside B was detected in the purified extract by TLC with Rf value of 0.71. A quantitative determination using HPLC-PDA yielded Eleuthoside B content of 34.7916 ± 0.16 mg/g extract. The study concluded that the purified extract from the bulb of E. bulbosa, sourced from Lampo Donggala, Central Sulawesi, possess α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic agent.

Mercury (Hg²⁺) contamination in cosmetics, particularly skin whitening products, poses significant public health risks due to its well-documented toxicity and bioaccumulative nature. This study reports the development of an environmentally benign colorimetric sensor for Hg²⁺ detection by incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (Al-MOF), utilizing Eleutherine bulbosa extract as a green reducing agent. Extensive characterization (XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM, SEM, FESEM) verified successful AuNPs incorporation (average diameter 25.96 nm) while maintaining MOF structural integrity. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed a distinct red shift in surface plasmon resonance from 541 nm (pristine AuNPs) to 548 nm (Au@Al-MOF), confirming strong interactions between the AuNPs and the MOF framework. The sensor exhibited exceptional Hg²⁺ selectivity with minimal cross-reactivity to interfering metal ions, achieving a 3.46 ppm detection limit and 54-day stability. Validation studies using commercial skin whitening creams demonstrated excellent correlation between the UV-Vis method (4.53 ppm Hg²⁺) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (4.59 ppm), with 98.7% agreement (±1.3% variance), confirming method reliability. These findings establish Au@Al-MOF as a robust, sensitive, cost-effective colorimetric platform for Hg²⁺ detection. The technology holds significant potential for integration into other heavy metal detection systems and portable devices, addressing critical needs in cosmetic safety, environmental monitoring, and food quality control.

Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) merupakan bahan alami berupa serbuk kering yang diperoleh dari umbi tanaman ini. Standardisasi sangat penting untuk memastikan konsistensi kualitas, keamanan, dan kemanjuran bagi konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi mutu bawang dayak yang diperoleh dari kota Sintang, Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan uji parameter spesifik dan non spesifik. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur parameter non spesifik dan parameter spesifik. Hasil uji parameter non spesifik menunjukkan bahwa Simplisia memiliki kadar air sebesar 9,10%, kadar abu total 0,57%, dan kadar sari larut etanol 5,46%, menunjukkan stabilitas dan kemurnian yang baik. Uji parameter spesifik menunjukkan bahwa kandungan flavonoid total adalah 3,57 mg QE/g dan kandungan fenolik total adalah 2,05 mg GAE/g, yang menunjukkan potensi kapasitas antioksidan dan aktivitas farmakologis. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa umbi bawang dayak memenuhi standar mutu berdasarkan uji parameter spesifik dan non spesifik, layak digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat herbal. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaannya dalam formulasi farmasi.

To investigate the efficacy of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. bulb extract (EBE) on the 3D human retinoblastoma cancer cells (WERI-Rb-1) spheroids and explore its apoptotic mechanism. The 3D WERI-Rb-1 and human retinal pigmented epithelium cells (ARPE-19) spheroids were developed using type 1 murine collagen that was excised from the rat tail tendon and cultured via hanging drop and embedded techniques. The cytotoxic activity was examined by Alamar blue assay meanwhile, the morphological characteristics were assessed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mRNA and protein expressions of apoptotic and antioxidant signal transduction pathways were explored to ascertain its molecular mechanisms. The statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism. The Alamar blue assay portrayed higher half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of EBE and cisplatin on 3D WERI-Rb-1 model as compared to the previous study on 2D model. The results of DAPI and SEM illustrated apoptotic features upon treatment with EBE and cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner on 3D WERI-Rb-1 model. The mRNA and protein levels of apoptotic and antioxidant-related pathways were significantly affected by EBE and cisplatin, respectively (P<0.05). The regulation of gene and protein expressions of 3D WERI-Rb-1 spheroids differed from the 2D study, suggesting that the tumor microenvironment of extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen matrix hindered the EBE treatment efficacy, leading to apoptotic evasion. A significant inhibition effect of EBE is observed on the 3D WERI-Rb-1 spheroids. The presence of ECM causes an increase in cytotoxic resistance upon treatment with EBE and cisplatin.

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) urb. is a herbaceous bulbous plant, known for its high medicinal value. To improve bulb yield and quality, controlling bulb growth as well as flavononoid and polyphenol content by NAA and BA was the objective of this study. Apply NAA and BA separately at different concentrations (BA: 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 15 ppm; NAA: 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 15 ppm) on E.bulosa at 6 weeks of age. After 4 weeks of treatment, tuber diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaf sheaths, total sugar content, starch, polyphenol and flavonoid in bulb were determined. Then, combined treatment with NAA 10 ppm and BA 10 ppm (at weeks 6 and 10), after 6 weeks of treatment, bulb fresh weight, dry weight, flavonoid and polyphenol content and bulb yield per plant were determined. The results showed that the 10 ppm BA treatment had the highest bulb diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, polyphenol content compared to other treatments and controls, while the 10 ppm NAA treatment had the highest flavonoid content but dry weight and bulb diameter were lower than the 10 ppm BA treatment. In all the treatments, the number of leaf sheaths was not different from that of the control. In the combined treatments, bulb fresh weight, dry weight and polyphenol content and bulb yield per pot were significantly increased in the BA (w6) + BA (w10) treatment, slightly increased compared to the control and lower than other treatments. In the treatment of NAA (w6) + NAA (w10), it had a high flavonoid content but the lowest polyphenol content compared to other treatments. The relationship between sugar, starch, polyphenol and flavonoid content is also discussed.

ABSTRACT. Diabetes Mellitus is a severe disease to the world health community; it is estimated that 700 million people worldwide will suffer from it. The approach taken to this disease includes improving lifestyle and pharmacological therapy. Recent pharmacological therapeutic approaches include inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) enzyme, and the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) protein. This research aims to conduct a docking study on three naphthalene compounds from Eleutherine bulbosa against three receptors: α-glucosidase, the DPP-4, and the SGLT-2 protein. The methods used are protein structure preparation, docking protocol validation, preparation of E. bulbosa test ligand structures, and molecule docking for test compounds. Validation was carried out by calculating the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values using PyMOL software; the results showed that the RMSD value of native ligands was &lt;2Å. Molecular docking of the test compounds was conducted using Autodock Vina 1.2.3 ver 2020. Eleutherinoside A showed the highest binding against the α-glucosidase and DPP-4 protein. Eleuthoside B has the most increased binding to SGLT-2 protein. The research concluded that three naphthalene compounds from E. bulbosa can be used as an antidiabetic agent. Keywords: Antidiabetic; Docking study; Eleutherine bulbosa; Naphthalene; α-glucosidase; DPP-4; SGLT-2

The red bulbs of Eleutherine bulbosa, commonly used as a daily dietary ingredient in cooking, are well-known for their rich nutritional profile and potential medicinal properties. This study focused on identifying bioactive components from E. bulbosa by a bioactivity-guided approach combined with global natural products' social molecular networking, which led to the characterization of 12 new naphthalene derivatives, eleuthalenes A-L (1-12), and 22 known analogues. The structures of these compounds were determined through spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and quantum chemical calculations. The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated, with some demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and moderate antibacterial activities. Further studies revealed that the most potent compound 5 displayed an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing the NF-κB/MAPK and activating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways. The results suggested that bioactive naphthalene derivatives are the major pharmacodynamic substances of E. bulbosa.

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência da construção de uma horta didática medicinal e condimentar com crianças do ensino fundamental. A implantação da horta didática ocorreu no Centro Municipal de Educação Básica Integral CMEBI- Prefeito Oton Gomes de Lima no município de Moju/PA, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2024. O método utilizado foi de construção baseada em uma abordagem chamada de Planejamento, Processo e Produto (PPP), uma metodologia formada por etapas, as quais são aplicadas principalmente para projetos voltados a preservação ambientação ou agroecológica, idealizada por Jacobson (1991) e modificada por (Pádua, 1994; 2004 e Pádua et al. 2003. Os canteiros mediram 1 x 1 metro de comprimento e largura, onde construiu-se 12 canteiros com capacidade de 16 mudas/M2 com as seguintes plantas medicinais e condimentares: Boldo (Peumus boldus), Erva cidreira (Melisa officinalis), Corama (kalanchoe pinnata), Babosa (Aloe vera), Matruz (Dysphania ambrosoides), Cebolinha (Allium fistulosum), Manjericão (Ocimum brasilicum), Hortelã (Menthax piperita), Capim santo (Cymbopogon citratus), Alfavaca (Ocimum brasilicum), Marupazinho (Eleutherine bulbosa) e coentro (Coriandrum sativum). . O projeto visou proporcionar aos estudantes, professores e à comunidade local a oportunidade de aprender sobre a importância das plantas na saúde e na alimentação, além de incentivar práticas sustentáveis e a autossuficiência alimentar.

Eleutherlene A (1), an unprecedented carbon skeleton featuring an aryl-fused 6-methyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane unit, and eleutherlene B (2), a naphthoquinone derivative with interesting ring fusion of an α,β-unsaturated γ-lactam and a tetrahydropyran moiety, along with two novel naphthoquinone alkaloids, eleutherlenes C (3) and D (4), were isolated from Eleutherine bulbosa and identified. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses along with computer-assisted structure elucidation, including ACD/Structure Elucidator and computational calculations and X-ray crystal diffraction. A plausible biosynthetic route for 1 and 2 was proposed. Compound 1 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with respect to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2. Mechanistically, compound 1 inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing NF-κB/MAPK and activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Basal stem rot (BSR) is one of the key contributors to the decline in palm oil production in Indonesia. BSR is caused by the pathogenic plant fungus Ganoderma boninense. Currently, the control of G. boninense growth relies on systemic fungicides. However, systemic fungicides have negative impacts as they can harm natural soil microorganisms. Biocontrol agents present an environmentally friendly alternative for G. boninense management. The objective of this research was to select and identify endophytic bacterial isolates from Dayak onion [Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.] with antagonistic activity against G. boninense. The investigation was initiated with the isolation of 34 endophytic bacterial isolates and G. boninense isolate. The hemolytic capabilities of endophytic bacterial isolates were evaluated on blood agar media. Antagonism assessments were conducted through the dual-culture method, and the inhibition of G. boninense was measured using the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG). The endophytic bacteria exhibiting the highest PIRG values were identified through molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Results revealed that 27 isolates demonstrated no ability to hydrolyze blood agar (gamma hemolysis) indicating no pathogenicity. Isolate CED9 demonstrated the highest PIRG value at 70.26%. Genomic identification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that isolate CED9 was classified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification of biocontrol agents from Dayak onion represents valuable information and a potential arsenal for future strategies in mitigating (BSR) disease.

In this investigation, the total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of E. bulbosa bulbs were quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of fractionated extracts from E. bulbosa bulbs were assessed. Results showed that the TPC and TFC in the crude ethanol extracts of E. bulbosa bulbs were 93.51 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g and 32.25 ± 0.25 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract from E. bulbosa bulbs exhibited significant potency, with IC50 values of 103.49 µg/mL and 141.25 µg/mL for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, with the largest zone of inhibition measuring 26.51 ± 0.15 mm. It also indicated a potent antifungal effect of E. bulbosa bulb extracts, with 96.8% inhibition against B. dothidea at 312.5 µg/mL and a MIC value of 10,000 µg/mL. Therefore, the development of innovative food and pharmaceutical products derived from the bulbs of E. bulbosa is of considerable interest.

Abstract Dayak onion, prized for its phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants, finds applications in medicine and as a functional food. However, improper drying techniques can lead to the degradation of these valuable compounds. This research investigates the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and functional groups of Dayak onion extracts processed through freeze-drying and oven-drying methods. Fresh Dayak onions underwent both drying procedures and were subsequently evaluated for phenolics, flavonoids, flavanols, and antioxidant activity. The findings revealed that freeze-dried extracts contained higher concentrations of these phytochemicals compared to their oven-dried counterparts. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed no notable differences in the primary functional groups (OH and CH) between the two drying techniques. The study concludes that higher drying temperatures diminish phytochemical content and antioxidant activity, although both freeze-drying and oven-drying maintain functional groups. These results have implications for sustainable agricultural practices, indicating that optimal drying methods can enhance the health benefits of this agricultural product, supporting its use as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent in food and medicine while promoting environmentally sustainable farming practices.

Background: The use of medicinal plants is increasingly widespread among the community, especially due to their properties in healing various diseases. One of the developing medicinal plants is bawang sabrang (Eleutherine bulbosa), which has been proven to accelerate the healing process of wounds. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of administering gel extract from bawang dayak tubers on the healing process of incised wounds in rats. The test subjects used were 25 male rats. Incisions measuring 2 cm were made on the backs of the rats using a surgical knife. Method: Laboratory experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments: one positive control (bioplacenton gel), one negative control (gel base), and three graduated concentrations of gel extract, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. Treatments were administered twice daily for 14 days. Results: Measurement of wound diameter showed that the gel extract of bawang sabrang at a concentration of 15% and the positive control provided a more effective healing effect compared to the gel extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and the negative control (gel base). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of bawang sabrang is effective as a gel for healing incised wounds in rats at a concentration of 15%. The physical properties of the gel show a characteristic aroma and a golden red color, homogenous without grains or lumps, a pH of 4.9, and a spreadability of 5 cm.Keywords: Bawang sabrang tuber, Anti-inflammatory, rats, Edema.