Color Elements Research Articles

Color vocabulary in Spanish and Georgian phraseological units and their linguocultural aspects

All languages reflect the theoretical, practical and cultural knowledge of man and his culture, which man acquires in the process of conceptualizing of the world. Linguoculturology draws special attention because it studies the relationship between language and culture. The reflection of the world (its objective reality) in human consciousness is represented by the connection between conceptual and linguistic worldviews. Color is a universal category, although in each language community it carries and maintains its special specificity. The basic vocabulary of colors can vary between cultures and languages. The main colors in the language create a worldview in the form of colors, in turn, they represent the linguistic image of the world. Phraseological units containing colors are an important phenomenon for the Spanish culture, which is also reflected in the language and gives it a special nuance and peculiarity. In the present report, we present a linguocultural analysis of those phraseological units that include the semantic elements of color in both Spanish phraseological and Georgian phraseological units.

Analysis on Horror Genre Films - Taking Us as an Example

Horror movies are usually regarded as empty calories for audiences to watch. The film industry did not pay much attention to horror genre movies. But since Get Out (2017) and Hereditary (2018) was released, horror films begin a new era. They have respect from the studios and their audiences and contain many cultural things and become more thought provoking. The paper, through a method of literature analysis, explores some deep meanings behind nowadays horror movies and how they achieve these by using cinematography, color elements and metaphors, especially in Us (2019), which is directed by Jordan Peele. In the film Us, us vs. them mentality is presented. Duality is also a significant idea in the film. Jordan Peele employs visual design like red clothes and gold scissors and uses low key lighting, diverse colors and a lot of props. The paper also emphasizes the political issues that are revealed in the film. The paper finds that horror movies can help people relax themselves and at the same time, reveal humanities, realistic problems and social situations.

Architecture of Books on Indian Topics by Mykola Pshinka

The purpose of the research: analysis of the architecture of Mykola Pshinka’s Indi- an-themed books as a harmonious unity of ar- tistic-graphic and structural-compositional ele- ments, the role of stylization tools in the design of children’s publications to achieve synergy of the text and the illustrative series (collections "Feather of the Pink Chakva", "Indian Folk Tales", "Myths of Ancient India"). Research methods: systematization of scientific sources, inter- views, empirical observations and their descrip- tion, artistic analysis, synthesis and generaliza- tion of the obtained results. The results of the research: the peculiarities of the architecture of M. Pshinka’s editions of Indian themes and the artistic interpretation of the ancient Indian epic as a synthesis of the features of the indi- vidual author’s style of the Ukrainian artist and the elements of Indian national color used by him are considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of visual communication, achiev- ing empathy with the young reader, who is the most important participant in the creative pro- cess, conveying not only the ideological, but also the emotional content of the book through illustrative and constructive means. A compar- ative characterization of the means of artistic expression in the illustration and design-layout of books for readers of different ages was car- ried out: taking into account the psychological features of the perception of visual images by children and the criteria of the quality of the publication: ideological, aesthetic, socio-psy- chological, ergonomic qualities. Scientific nov- elty: books on Indian subjects by M. Pshinka as a syncretic artistic phenomenon, characterized by integral architecture, a synthesis of texts, il- lustrations, decorative elements, design-layout are for the first time comprehensively and multi- facetedly considered. On the basis of a compar- ative analysis of the artistic design of the books "Indian Folk Tales" and "Myths of Ancient India", the features of the design of publications for children of different ages, junior and senior high school, were commented.

Controlling brightness in full color nanoprinting by all-dielectric metasurfaces

Structural colorations with all-dielectric metasurfaces provide a dye-free approach for integrated sub-wavelength color generation with enhanced stability and environmental friendliness. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously tailor all the elementary color functions, hue, saturation, and brightness, in a simple platform. Here, we report a generic principle to create bright-field full-color nanoprinting with brightness control by using all-dielectric metasurfaces consisting of arrays of Si elliptical nanopillars. It is demonstrated that the lower order Mie resonances in the reflection spectra redshift with the sizes of the elliptical nanopillars when the incident light polarization is fixed along the major or minor axes. By designing the structure carefully, basic colors, such as red, green, blue, and yellow, are obtained across the visible spectrum. Experimental measurements show that the fabricated colors are independent with respect to the viewing angle owing to the Mie resonance origin. Moreover, we demonstrate that, by varying the angle of either the polarizer or the analyzer, the resonant wavelengths keep invariant while the reflection intensity decreases, leading to the tuning of the brightness of colors from bright to dark without changing the hue and saturation. Our scheme provides a simple yet general approach for the full hue, saturation, brightness control of structural colors, holding great potential in diverse applications, such as anti-counterfeiting technologies, 3D displays, and information storage.

영화 시나리오 분석을 통한 색 이미지의 중요성에 대한 연구

The image in the movie is strongly influenced by the element of color. Through the digital color correction process, colors can be used to highlight the emotional atmosphere and story according to the theme intended for directing. Therefore, a study was conducted to find out the role and how the image of color plays through digital color correction during the short film production process. Through the short films <Jeonghee> and <Humanity's Last Movie>, the images and symbols reminiscent of colors in the film can help understand the overall mood and narrative of the film, and play a major role in conveying the director's theme or intention when setting the direction of color correction according to the narrative structure. It builds a color image of the movie based on the genre, narrative, and character analysis of the movie. After setting the associated image of color in character-oriented and event-oriented films, and figuring out whether it is set to fit the narrative of the film, we want to see if the image of color affects the subject of the director.

LOGO DESIGN FOR “INFINIKLIN” A CLEANING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES COMPANY

Logo is an image sign that describes an identity and as a representation for a company. The company's character is communicated with elements of images, shapes, colors, and typography that are composed in an integrated manner. The logo-forming element is a sign system that aims to communicate the message of the type of business being undertaken, image, and character traits. The signs used in making the logo are signs that are easy to understand and identify a company so that it is easily accessible to the public. This logo design aims to produce a brand logo that has the characteristics of the company. Design Method Using 5 Steps of Design from Robin Landa. The result of this design is the Infiniklin logo which is made using vector, in the form of two water drops, blue in color according to the company's identity, and using simple and modern typography. The visual identity of the Infiniklin logo is a solution to support each branch company of Infiniklin having their own and uniform logo. The logo design was made without forgetting the characteristics of Infiniklin itself thus reflecting the image built by the company.

In-channel alterations of soil properties used as tracers in sediment fingerprinting studies

Soil properties used as tracers in sediment fingerprinting studies are assumed to remain stable or vary in a predictable way in their transfer from sources to sinks, allowing a comparison with suspended sediment properties. Attention to the conservative behaviour of soil properties has largely focused on the differences in the particle size and organic matter content between sources and target sediments. However, in-channel biochemical alterations are also known to occur, and their magnitude is still poorly understood. An experiment to investigate the in-channel variations of soil properties during transport and storage was carried out with the most common soil properties used as tracers in sediment fingerprinting studies (i.e. colour, fallout radionuclides and geochemical elements). Twenty-eight soil samples collected from different land uses were introduced into an intermittent stream channel of a small Mediterranean catchment. Samples were recovered at different time intervals over one year. The changes in soil properties (average coefficient of variation 8.1 ± 8.8 %) were generally lower than the spatial variability of each source within the catchment (average coefficient of variation 16.3 ± 18.5 %). No significant differences were observed between samples from different land use types or when recovered at different time intervals. Soil properties that showed higher in-channel coefficients of variation were S, 137Cs, 210Pbex, As, Mo and Na, with annual coefficients of variation > 19 %. Conversely, carbon (C) and colour properties were the most stable in time (average coefficient of variation 2.1 ± 0.4 % and 2.6 ± 2.2 %, respectively). The results presented will be informative with regard to performing future suspended sediment fingerprinting studies in Mediterranean catchments, providing a better understanding of which soil properties are more sensitive to in-channel biochemical alterations.

Potential conflicts between individual preferences and city color planning: a case study of Busan, South Korea

ABSTRACT Although there are various preferences for color, the city color planning in South Korea is dominated by the government, and the city color preferences of residents are considered to a less extent. Therefore, it results in a question of how to accommodate the diversity of individual preferences. This study took Busan City as an example, using the data collected by the questionnaire survey, first through the chi-square test and nonlinear canonical correlation analysis model to analyze individual attribute factors that distinguish the diversity of city color preferences. It was found that age significantly impacted city color preference, followed by occupation, residential type, educational background, residential location, sex, and monthly income. Regarding the three elements of color, the most significant differences in city color preference were chroma and hue, with slight differences in value preference. Finally, the results were compared with city color guideline to identify the potential conflicts. The findings can provide some recommendations for bottom-up city color planning, and be applied in architectural design and urban regeneration.

APPLICATION OF ART DECO STYLE IN APARTMENTS IN SUDIRMAN AREA

Sudirman area is one of the strategic locations in the city of Jakarta. This is because the Sudirman area is in the central city and is surrounded by many commercial areas such as office buildings and shopping centres. The Peak Sudirman Apartment is one of the apartments that is classified as luxurious and has a high value in the Sudirman area. Adapting to the lifestyle of the high-end area, this apartment is designed using the Art Deco style. A style that is decorative, elegant, modern, and functional. This Art Deco style is combined with orientalism as an accent in the design. In the process of designing The Peak Sudirman apartment, it is necessary to conduct research in the form of data collection for analysis. The method used in this article is qualitative descriptive. The design process is divided into 2 stages, namely analysis and synthesis. Data collection techniques are carried out through field studies and online. This design produces a residence for 1 (one) person which is divided into several rooms. The use of decorative elements of shape, texture, and color gives a unique abstract impression, making the Art Deco design even more attractive. By using bold colors in the room, it gives a striking and luxurious impression to the room. Decorated with distinctive lamps according to the Art Deco style, it gives a new atmosphere to the room. This article is intended for someone who is doing interior design planning, especially in the Art Deco style.

Origins of Colour of Smithsonite from Yunnan, China

Smithsonite exhibits an extensive range of colours in nature. The internal features, spectral characteristic, and trace elements of several coloured smithsonites (e.g., white, blue, blue-green, yellow, orange, and pink) from Lanping District, Yunnan Province, China, were analysed and the relationship between smithsonite colour and trace elements and/or impurities was discussed in this research. The presence of iron and manganese was closely associated with the yellow colour. Yellow greenockite grains scattered throughout parts of yellow smithsonites, ranging in size from sub-microscopic to 15 µm, efficiently changed the orange or yellow colour to “turkey fat” (a bright yellow variety of smithsonite resembling turkey fat in colour and botryoidal form) yellow. Pink colour in smithsonite was due to the presence of manganese ions. The main internal features in blue and blue-green samples were small interwoven acicular aurichalcite inclusions and alternating layers of aurichalcite–hemimorphite. Different proportions of the hole (CO3)− radicals, copper ions (nano-sized Cu-rich inclusions), and aurichalcite inclusions created green to blue coloration variations in smithsonite. The blue–green colour change was mainly caused by aurichalcite and hemimorphite, detected with a Raman test and chemical composition test.

Demonstration of the bluish color on veins.

This study aimed to demonstrate and quantify the greenish-blue color of veins using tissue paper and stocking via the simultaneous color contrast phenomenon. The colors of real skin and veins were accurately measured in the experiment and used as a reference to simulate the color of the skin and the veins. Subcutaneous veins were simulated using gray paper covered with tissue paper for Experiment 1 and stockings for Experiment 2. The color appearance was quantitatively measured by the elementary color naming method. The results suggest that tissue paper and stockings were used to enhance a stronger simultaneous color contrast of the veins. Moreover, the color of the veins appeared complementary to the color of the skin.

An Analytical Study of the Visual and Perceptual Elements of Traditional Chinese Colors

An Analytical Study of the Visual and Perceptual Elements of Traditional Chinese Colors

Are consumers willing to pay a premium for art-infused products?

PurposeArt-infusion has become a common practice among brands across the globe. This is because marketers leverage the uniqueness and prestige of arts to earn superior profits. Hence, this research aims to understand and measure consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for art-infused products.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was designed based on conjoint analysis and was responded to by 470 respondents from India. The estimation of preference functions in conjoint analysis was intended to use orthogonal arrays to measure WTP.FindingsThe study reveals consumers' utility and WTP for different art-infused products. The results indicated that consumers have the highest WTP for products that have artwork dominated by the visual elements of colour, shapes and space.Practical implicationsThe paper presents valuable findings for marketers to develop their product design and earn superior profits.Originality/valueThis is the first study in the domain of the art infusion phenomenon that measures WTP for non-luxury art-infused products. Also, this is the first study to measure WTP for different kinds of art forms.

The Relationship between the Color Landscape Characteristics of Autumn Plant Communities and Public Aesthetics in Urban Parks in Changsha, China

Contemporary landscape architecture studies have paid close attention to the interactions between public aesthetic preferences and the landscape environment. Scenic beauty has become an important evaluation indicator of landscape quality. The quality of the plant color landscape is an important factor affecting scenic beauty. Exploring the relationship between the composition rules and internal properties of autumn plant color landscapes in urban parks and public aesthetic preferences can provide new ideas for the evaluation and design of plant community color landscapes. Taking 12 parks in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, as the study area and 85 plant communities as the sample plots, scenic beauty estimation (SBE) was used to evaluate the autumn plant color landscape of urban parks. ColorImpact software was used to extract the color values of each plant community. Fifteen original color element indicators were determined, and the data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison analysis and systematic cluster analysis. Four principal components were extracted to construct the characteristic indices and a comprehensive model of the color landscape quality of autumn plant communities. The four characteristic indices showed significant or extremely significant differences among the five SBE grades. From the overall trend, the SBE grades showed a positive correlation with PC1 (primary and adjunctive color index), PC2 (color structure and property index) and PC3 (autumn-color-leafed index) and a negative correlation with PC4 (intersperse color index). RPH (ratio of primary hue), RP (ratio of primary color), RC (color-leafed index), RWC (ratio of warm and cool colors), and NC (number of colors) were the key factors affecting the SBE grade. Overall, RPH, RP, RC, and RWC positively influenced the SBE values, while NC negatively influenced the SBE values, and five to seven colors were more moderate. The quality of the color landscape can be improved by creating plant communities with three types of color composition: warm-toned dominant type, warm- and cold-toned contrast type, and multicolor harmonic type. The results provide a reference for the evaluation, design and construction of autumn plant color landscapes in urban parks.

Color, light, and birth space design: An integrative review

AbstractThis integrative review sought knowledge across a broad spectrum of literature concerning the role of color and light in maternity environments. Today it is acknowledged that the clinical nature of birth spaces is detrimental to maintaining normal physiological birth rates. Significantly, “clinical” spaces are often described as white, pale, monochromatic, and/or overlit. Attempts to make maternity settings more “home‐like” have promoted use of “warm” or “soft” colors. Ambience or spatial atmosphere is known to impact birth hormones, affecting labor commencement and progress. Today, efforts to improve birth spaces include “sensory rooms” (offering pain distraction via dark spaces and illuminated color elements); programmable colored light installations; and immersive image projections. Yet, as this paper shows, there is little specific study of the physical and psychological impact of color and light within birth settings. However, there are significant findings on colored light's impact upon birth processes, including the contraindication of bright blue light. And there is valuable knowledge embedded in old and new literature from diverse disciplines. This review thus exposes the strong need for further research and literature focused directly on how color and light in birth environment design impact birth experience for all involved. It is clear that environmental color and light need to be taken seriously as potent interrelated environmental factors that are directly implicated in the health and wellness of mothers and their infants during labor and birth. Thus, it is crucial to bring deeper awareness and comprehensive knowledge into use by designers, developers and managers of birth spaces.

The Shelf-Life Prediction of Black Garlic Chili Sauce and “Cahyo” Garlic Chili Sauce with Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) Method Based on The Arrhenius Model

Sambal is often found in various menu variants served in the Indonesian food industry; this is a supporting factor for creating bottled chili sauce. In this research, fermented black garlic chili sauce was made with black garlic as raw material to provide added value in the form of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds, as well as giving a novelty value to the product as well as a differentiator in the elements of color, aroma, consistency, and taste of the product. The final product consumers receive is compared to "Cahyo" garlic chili sauce produced by PT. Deltasari Indah Restaurant. Sambal contains oil/fat, which is quickly rancid, thus affecting the element of consumer acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the shelf life of bottled chili products. This research aims to predict the shelf life of the black garlic chili sauce and “Cahyo” garlic chili sauce products in bottles produced by PT. Deltasari Indah Restaurant with the ASLT method, the Arrhenius model approach; Knowing the difference in the shelf life of bottled chili products stored at different temperature conditions; and determining the proper temperature and storage conditions to get the maximum shelf life for packaged chili products. This study uses the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing method with the Arrhenius model. Based on the pH value parameter, the shelf life of black garlic chili sauce was 33 days, and “Cahyo” garlic chili sauce was 45 days. These two results are the results of the shelf life obtained from calculations at 20˚C and 25˚C then the average value is taken.

Solid-State Lighting Using Side-by-Side White Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have become increasingly popular for use in solid-state illumination, where diffuse, large area light sources that achieve a high color rendering index and luminous power efficiency are desirable. Color-tunable emission, where the light source combines emission from multiple, separately addressed color elements, is conveniently provided by WOLEDs for the purpose of adapting the lighting source to a particular illumination requirement. In this work, we demonstrate a method for side-by-side positioning of monochromatic blue and yellow phosphorescent OLED stripes that are combined to create tunable white light, using a high-resolution mechanical peel-off patterning method. We achieve a peak luminous power efficiency of 17.1 ± 0.3 lm W–1 and an external quantum efficiency of 11.8 ± 0.2% and demonstrate color tunability of the 1960 Commission Internationale d’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates from (u,v) = (0.33,0.36) to (0.12,0.32). This corresponds to a tuning range of the color rendering index from 74 ± 1 to 86 ± 1 and the correlated color temperature from 2000 to 8000 ± 500 K. Due to the nondestructive nature of the peel-off technique, patterned devices exhibit a lifetime comparable to conventional, shadow mask-patterned devices.

Reversible electrical switching of nanostructural color pixels

Abstract Electrical switching of nanophotonic structural color elements is a promising approach towards addressable color switching pixels for next generation reflective displays. However, electrical switching between the primary colors to colorless near-white state remains a challenge. Here, we present a reversible electrical switching approach, relying on the electrocoagulation of Ag nanoparticles between silicon nanostructures that support Mie resonances. The electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles enable the excitation of the hybrid plasmon-Mie resonance as supported on Ag-silicon nanostructures, resulting in a large spectral transformation. Importantly, this process is reversible. This device design outperforms other designs in terms of electrotonic color control since it is highly stable and reliable for use in high-resolution reflective displays, such as colored electronic papers and smart display glass, where the combination is scalable to other nanostructure designs and electrolytic solutions.

Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers

AbstractCarbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are endowed with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and are considered promising candidates in numerous cutting‐edge fields. However, the inherent black color of CNTFs hinders their practical application in fields with high aesthetic requirements such as wearable devices and smart textiles. Due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness, CNTFs are hard to be dyed by conventional chemical dyes or colorful inks. Herein, we realize a structural coloration of CNTFs by coating them with two metal oxide layers via atomic layer deposition. The three elements of color, that is, hue, saturation, and brightness, can be controlled by adjusting the types and thickness of each oxide layer. Colorful CNTFs with wide color gamut and high saturation are achieved through different combinations. A film interference model is also established to reveal the mechanism of the structural coloration, which is a comprehensive result of thin‐film interference and surface roughness briefly. The calculated reflectance well fits the measured results by introducing surface roughness parameters. Moreover, the colored CNTFs are not iridescent because of retinal signal delay, which will further expand their applications.

Phenotypic Study of Population and Distribution of the Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) from Kyiv Sewage System (Ukraine)

This paper presents the original data on studies of populations of guppies on the territory of Ukraine on the example of those of them surviving for many years in the drainage system of Kyiv. For 10 years, wild populations of guppies and their morphological features were studied in the warm water flows of the Bortnychi aeration station in Kyiv (2011–2020). During this period, the original “key” was developed to describe the morphology of their coloration peculiarities, which includes: total length, the number of pattern and coloration elements (4 types, 9 elements), pigmented area (light — orange, dark, pigmentation index), the shape and pigmentation of the tail (6 types) and its asymmetry At present, in the countries of Eastern Europe, the species is not adapted to any waters in the wild due to low winter temperatures, but these fish have become well established in sewage and other warm water bodies in urbanized areas (cities, towns, factories, etc.). We described the places where this invasive species had been found for many years, highlighting its key features. Thanks to GIS modelling, it was revealed that the existence of wild populations of guppies in Ukraine and Latvia is possible only in warm waters (currently mainly sewage systems of big cities) within anthropogenic territories. Such a key and study of relatively isolated populations of invasive species will provide a deeper understanding of micro-evolution of their morphological features (coloration) in isolation, help to track distribution of invasive species in a changing climate and provide material for comparison with possible similar invasions in areas heavily affected by military actions.