Electrospun PMMA fiber membranes containing CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for stable and visual fluorescent sensing of HCl gas.

Infections are the most frequent complication that impair normal skin repair, often leading to chronic wounds. To overcome this challenge, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized via green combustion using Moringa oleifera extract as fuel. These nanoparticles were incorporated into a poly(caprolactone)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL/PEO) membrane fabricated via electrospinning. The composite membranes were characterized by water contact angle, fluid absorption, morphology (SEM), cytotoxicity, cell proliferation (scratch assay), and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The PCL/PEO membrane containing 5% ZnO exhibited optimal characteristics, including hydrophilicity, water uptake capacity exceeding 300%, and a morphology that is suitable for wound healing applications, with an average fiber diameter of 2.93 ± 2.05 µm, pore size of 21.46 ± 8.19 µm, and porosity exceeding 75%. Additionally, the membrane demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with murine fibroblasts, achieving a cell viability of 100%, and exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 2.0 and 1.0 mm, respectively. The green synthesized moringa‐ZnO imparted outstanding properties to the electrospun membrane, making the system PCL/PEO/moringa‐ZnO a promising candidate for advanced wound dressings capable of promoting accelerated wound closure and treating infected wounds.

Electrospun nanofiber membranes hold promise for abdominal wall repair due to their biomimetic architecture and tunable properties. However, their porous structure often induces an elevated foreign body response (FBR) that impedes tissue integration and remodeling. While previous strategies have employed ibuprofen (IBU) to mitigate inflammation, its non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and rapid systemic clearance limit local therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we functionalized electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/gelatin (Gel) nanofiber-bundle membranes with chitosan (CS) and loxoprofen (LOX), a prodrug-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with enhanced tissue penetration and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity to achieve sustained local immunomodulation while preserving membrane porosity. The PLA/Gel-CS-LOX membrane exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, sustained LOX release over 28 days, and potent antibacterial activity. It showed good cytocompatibility and downregulated pro-inflammatory genes and upregulated anti-inflammatory genes of LPS-stimulated macrophages, and significantly reduced oxygen species (ROS) production. In a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect model, the PLA/Gel-CS-LOX membrane facilitated robust cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and tissue integration. At 90 days post-implantation, regenerated tissues exhibited mechanical properties comparable to native abdominal wall, with optimized collagen remodeling evidenced by balanced matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) expression. These results demonstrate that CS-LOX functionalization represents a promising strategy to modulate inflammatory responses to the electrospun mesh and promote functional tissue remodeling for clinical abdominal wall repair.

Bioactive electrospun membrane with DHBA/Zn-MOF for enhancing neurovascular coupling in diabetic wound healing

Maxillofacial bone defects present a significant clinical challenge. Although guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely employed, the therapeutic efficacy of conventional barrier membranes remains limited due to their lack of multifunctional bioactivity. To address this, a novel coaxial electrospun barrier membrane was fabricated, featuring a berberine hydrochloride (BBR)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell (denoted as BBR/PVA@PLGA). The membrane exhibited a well-defined nanostructure, suitable hydrophilicity, controllable degradation, favorable mechanical properties, and sustained drug release.In vitrostudies confirmed its excellent cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and L929 cells and its ability to promote cell migration. Functionally, the membrane significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in pre-osteoblasts, accompanied by the upregulation of osteogenic gene expression. It also promoted angiogenic activity in endothelial cells, supported by increased expression of pro-angiogenic genes and improved tube formation. Moreover, the membrane served as an effective physical barrier, preventing cellular infiltration. In summary, this multifunctional BBR/PVA@PLGA coaxial electrospun membrane concurrently supports osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and barrier functionsin vitro, demonstrating promising potential as a candidate biomaterial for future application in maxillofacial bone defect regeneration.

3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane modified zein electrospun membrane for ethylene removal and its application to banana preservation

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women is characterized primarily by the functional degeneration of pelvic support structures, with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) being a common clinical manifestation. Current materials for repairing POP are limited by suboptimal mechanical performance and inadequate anti-inflammatory and antibacterial capabilities. Herein, a immunomodulatory piezoelectric master electrospun membrane is innovatively designed to provide integrated mechanical support, piezoelectric responsiveness, and immune microenvironment regulation. Electrospun membranes with uniformly loaded zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles enabled the sustained release of Zn²⁺ for more than 20 days and achieved a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 5.34 pm/V. The voltage output remained stable under mechanical stimulation cycles, and the ultimate tensile strength could reach 12.11MPa while maintaining sufficient ductility. In vitro, the immunomodulatory piezoelectric master electrospun membrane exhibited excellent biocompatibility, significantly promoted tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and upregulating the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, it effectively inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, promoted orderly collagen deposition, stimulated angiogenesis and accelerated tissue repair when used in vivo to treat abdominal wall muscle defects in rats. Therefore, immunomodulatory piezoelectric master electrospun membrane provides a promising approach for advanced soft tissue regeneration with broad clinical significance.

Introduction: Polymer nanofiber filters have great potential for controlling particulate pollution due to their high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop. This study aimed to fabricate nanofiber membranes from a biodegradable polymer through solution electrospinning to address both health and environmental concerns, along with analyzing their morphological characteristics. The filtration performance of the prepared membranes was evaluated against different particle sizes under two air face velocities. Material and Methods: The nanofiber membranes were fabricated from aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions at various concentrations from 5 to 6 w/v% under different process parameters. The morphological characteristics of the nanofibers were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), while structural properties such as basis weight and thickness were measured to estimate porosity. Filtration performance, including efficiency and pressure drop, was evaluated at two standard air face velocities (2.5 and 5.3 cm/s) using a media test system. In addition, the quality factor of the prepared membranes was calculated. Results: The electrospun nanofibers were uniform and bead-free, with the mean fiber diameters ranging from 106 to 151 nm. The filtration efficiencies were 95.72–99.92 % for sub-micron particles (0.3 and 0.5 μm), and 99.43–100 % for larger particles (1 and 3 μm). The pressure drop ranged from 67 to150 Pa at an air face velocity of 2.5 cm/s, and from 58 to150 Pa at an air face velocity of 5.3 cm/s. Conclusion: The 6 wt.% PVA nanofiber membrane electrospun at 15 kV, 0.5 mL/h, and 15 cm produced thinner fibers (approximately 106 nm) and exhibited higher efficiency for 0.3 μm particles (99.89 % and 99.92 % at 2.5 and 5.3 cm/s air face velocities, respectively). For this membrane with thinner fibers, the pressure drop increased from 67 to 150 Pa with rising the air face velocity.

Decoupling chemical and structural-driven function on barrier properties of PVA-lignin blends.

Multilayered electrospun membranes incorporating microspheres embedded nanofibers for enhanced wound healing.

Carbon-based nanofillers for high-performance PVDF electrospun membranes used in membrane distillation: A review

The escalating contamination of aquatic ecosystems with microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) presents unprecedented environmental and health challenges worldwide. Electrospun nanofiber membranes have emerged as promising materials to address this crisis through their unique structural properties, tunable surface chemistry, and versatile removal mechanisms. This comprehensive review examines recent advances in electrospun fiber-based technologies for MP/NP removal, encompassing fundamental electrospinning principles, polymer selection strategies, surface modification approaches, and multi-functional designs. We critically analyze removal mechanisms, including size exclusion, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic associations, and photocatalytic degradation, while evaluating performance metrics across diverse polymer systems ranging from synthetic polyacrylonitrile and poly(vinylidene fluoride) to bio-based cellulose and chitosan materials. Advanced functionalization strategies incorporating metal oxides, quaternary ammonium groups, and photocatalysts demonstrate remarkable synergistic effects, achieving removal efficiencies exceeding 99% for polystyrene particles of 0.1-25µm in synthetic and doped natural water matrices under gravity-driven or low-pressure operation (0.04-0.7bar). Reduced-but still > 85%-efficiencies are reported for sub-100nm particles and for filtrations performed in real seawater and wastewater. The review addresses scalability challenges and environmental sustainability considerations aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including explicit linkage to SDG 6.3 wastewater-treatment targets, circular-economy principles, and the substantially lower energy footprint of gravity-driven electrospun membranes relative to reverse-osmosis systems. It also identifies critical research gaps requiring attention. Future directions emphasize integrated multi-functional platforms, green chemistry approaches, replacement of toxic solvents such as DMF by greener alternatives, melt electrospinning, and real-world validation to transition laboratory innovations toward practical implementation for safeguarding water quality and ecosystem health.

Water contamination resulting from anthropogenic activities poses a critical threat to ecosystems and human health. The development of efficient, sustainable, and selective materials for water purification has therefore become a pressing necessity. In this study, polyurethanes (PUs) with tailored soft and hard segments were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their suitability for the fabrication of electrospun membranes. ATR-FTIR confirmed successful polymerization, while thermal analyses revealed that molecular design strongly influences the polymers’ thermal behavior. Among the synthesized materials, only two PUs exhibited solubility and spinnability, leading to homogeneous nanofibrous mats with average fiber diameters of approximately 500 nm. To enhance the adsorption capacity, specific surface area and interaction diversity of the membranes, metal–organic framework (MOF) particles were incorporated into the polymer solutions prior to electrospinning, allowing their immobilization within the fibrous polymer matrix. The resulting hybrid membranes showed remarkable improvements in methylene blue uptake, increasing from 29 to 34 mg·m−2 in pristine membranes and 57 to 115 mg·m−2 in the MOF-containing ones. This enhancement was attributed to the synergistic effect between the aromatic urethane structures and the MOF linkers, as well as to the increased effective surface area provided by the nanofibrous architecture. The results demonstrate the potential of electrospun PU-based membranes as pollutant removal, combining structural versatility, functional tunability, and compatibility.

Tendon injuries are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions in clinical settings, affecting various regions such as the rotator cuff tendons, forearm flexor/extensor tendons, finger flexor tendons, and Achilles tendon. While surgery is an effective treatment, it often fails to balance intrinsic and extrinsic healing processes, leading to abnormal cell activation, proliferation, and migration, resulting in collagen deposition at the injury site. This pathological fibrosis causes severe peritendinous adhesions, posing a therapeutic challenge. Traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and implantable membranes have limited long-term efficacy and come with various side effects. Literature indicates that Aloe emodin(AE) can potentially inhibit multiple known pro-inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, p38, and ERK, directly or indirectly reducing oxidative stress. In the field of fibrosis, Aloe emodin regulates the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway, downregulates extracellular matrix gene transcription, inhibits collagen deposition, improves cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that Aloe emodin may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for improving peritendinous adhesions. This study involved grafting Aloe emodin onto polylactic acid via esterification to create a polylactic acid - Aloe emodin conjugate compound. Using electrospinning technology, a novel polylactic acid-Aloe emodin conjugate electrospun nanofiber membrane (PCA) was developed and characterized, and its role in preventing peritendinous adhesions was thoroughly validated. We validated and systematically evaluated the anti-adhesive capability of the new electrospun membrane through in vitro and in vivo experiments in rats. Experimental results demonstrate that the electrospun membrane of polylactic acid-Aloe emodin grafted material exhibits excellent mechanical properties and hydrophilicity, and can achieve localized targeted release of damaged tissues after treatment with lipase. Compared with polylactic acid-Aloe emodin hybrid electrospun membrane (PBA), PCA exhibits superior anti-adhesion properties and maintains longer-lasting therapeutic effects. In vitro studies showed that PCA effectively reduced fibroblast activity, inhibiting their proliferation, adhesion, and PA formation. In vivo experiments confirmed that PCA could effectively wrap around surgically treated tendons and inhibit the TGFβ1/COLIII signaling pathway, significantly reducing peritendinous adhesions in rats, offering a new approach for PA treatment. In this study, we designed and manufactured a novel polylactic acid - Aloe emodin conjugate electrospun nanofiber membrane. We validated and systematically evaluated the anti-adhesive capability of the new electrospun membrane through in vitro and in vivo experiments in rats. In summary, our research proposed a new approach for the treatment of tendon adhesions.

Abstract This study investigates the development and properties of the thin film nanocomposite (TFNC) desalination membranes based on electrospun recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) substrate layers. However, achieving a defect-free thin film active layer onto the highly porous electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) remains challenging. The ENM was thus modified with graphene oxide/ molybdenum disulfide (GO/MoS 2 ) to develop the defect-free TFNC membrane. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were intercalated with MoS 2 and crosslinked polymer connectors. These as-prepared laminate layers were deposited onto the rPET nanofibers to function as an interlayer or transition layer, between the electrospun substrate and the thin film active layer. The resultant rPET-GO/MoS 2 membrane was assessed in terms of physicochemical properties and performance. The hydrophilicity was greatly enhanced by the GO/MoS 2 interlayer, from 120 ° to 67°. The XRD supplied the evidence of successful intercalation of MoS 2 within the GO sheets thus resulting in the tightening of the interlayer space within the sheets of the GO-MoS 2 membranes, from 0.86 nm for GO to 0.79nm for GO/MoS 2 . The nanochannel spacing of the GO-MoS 2 membranes was thus capable of retaining the salt ions during desalination. The properties of the tailored membrane, therefore, highlight the potential of electrospun membranes and 2D nanomaterials in offering sustainable materials towards ensuring continuous and economical water supply in emerging water supply alternatives such as desalination.

Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) and resistance to apoptosis are central drivers of fibrosis. Here, we report that sustained release of Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) positive allosteric modulators (L-Phe, L-Trp, and cinacalcet) from electrospun p-dioxanone copolymer membranes exerts potent, ligand-specific anti-fibrotic effects. All formulations activated Gq-coupled CaSR, evoking ER-Ca2⁺ release and IP₃ generation. Differential recruitment of Gi yielded distinct cAMP/ROS signatures: cinacalcet (strong Gi bias) lowered cAMP and ROS levels, and suppressed AP-1, collagen-I and α-SMA expression; L-Trp (intermediate Gi) left cAMP unchanged while elevating ROS and inflammatory markers but nonetheless inhibited proliferation; L-Phe (weak Gi) raised cAMP, reduced ROS and fibrotic markers. Molecular docking confirmed Gi-coupling potency: cinacalcet (-125.4kJmol⁻1) > L-Trp (-101.7kJmol⁻1) > L-Phe (-75.5kJmol⁻1). In a rat intestinal-adhesion model, cinacalcet and L-Phe membranes prevented adhesions and collagen deposition, whereas L-Trp only inhibited proliferation. Thus, these findings indicate that CaSR ligands tune fibroblast fate via Gi-biased receptor conformations and that ligand electrospun membranes constitute a versatile materials platform for precision antifibrotic therapy.

Electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofiber separators hold promise for high-performance lithium-ion batteries due to their exceptional thermal stability and affinity for electrolytes. However, their practical application is limited by inadequate mechanical integrity and large, nonuniform pores that fail to suppress lithium dendrite growth. To address these challenges, we developed a "self-composite" strategy that integrates electrospinning with non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS). This method produces a hierarchical self-composite polyimide (SCPI) separator, featuring a robust electrospun PI nanofiber scaffold infilled with and bonded by a NIPS-derived PI matrix. The resulting monolithic composite exhibits a 230% increase in tensile strength over a pristine electrospun membrane and a significant decrease in average pore size from the micrometer scale (∼1-5 μm) down to 200-500 nm. This uniform nanoporous structure and superior wettability effectively homogenize lithium-ion flux, enabling dendrite-free lithium plating/stripping even at a high current density of 5 mA/cm2. Consequently, Li/LFP pouch cells with SCPI separators achieve outstanding long-term stability, retaining 98.75% of their initial capacity after 800 cycles at 1 C with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.99%. This scalable approach offers an effective pathway to engineer advanced membrane structures for safe, high-performance, next-generation lithium batteries.

Effective zinc anode protection from in-situ ZIF-8 on electrospun electrolyte membrane for zinc-ion batteries

Corneal impairment is the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide. Current therapies often use biodegradable amniotic membranes (AMs) to assist in transferring limbal stem cells or explants to the cornea. Surgeons have extensive experience with these, but they are human biological tissue and must be sourced and used under tissue bank conditions to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Thus, accessibility and safety remain concerns in their use. Accordingly, the development of synthetic scaffolds to support limbal tissue outgrowth is an attractive, reproducible and accessible alternative. This group has made good progress towards this membrane design using a Polylactide-co-Glycolide (PLGA) electrospun membrane but has identified problems with handling and integrity of the membrane once wet. Our aim, therefore, is to improve the integrity and pliability of these cell delivery membranes in wet environments without compromising their ability to act as cell carriers for corneal regeneration. Electrospun scaffolds with different mechanical properties were manufactured by blending different concentrations of PLGA and Polycaprolactone (PCL). All the manufactured membranes supported cell outgrowth when tested with porcine and human limbal explants. Scaffolds were characterised under dry and wet conditions using scanning electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing. Blends with a relatively high proportion of PCL (30%) were able to maintain their mechanical properties under both dry and wet conditions and were flexible in handling. This study demonstrates that PLGA-PCL electrospun membranes with 30% PCL content retain good mechanical properties in a wet environment, making them easy to handle while retaining the ability to support limbal tissue attachment and cell outgrowth. This makes them a viable synthetic alternative to the AM.

An enzyme-responsive electrospun polyester membrane for sustained delivery of polymerized 2-methoxyestradiol to treat peritendinous adhesion.