Electron Devices Research Articles

Design and Evaluation of a Passive Compliance Control Method of an Offshore Wind Turbine Blade Grinding Robot

Robots that repair offshore wind turbine blades are susceptible to interference from different factors such as external wind, which can lead to damage to the blades by the robot during the grinding process. Therefore, the robot needs to keep the grinding contact force constant in the complex operating environment. In this study, a constant force control device that is based on a pneumatic system is designed to address this problem, and a controller that is based on an improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) algorithm was proposed to control this device. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the constant force control device and according to the relative order of the system, a second-order ADRC is designed. The controller utilizes a tracking differentiator (TD) to filter the input signal, an extended state observer (ESO) to estimate the total perturbation in the system, and a nonlinear state error feedback control law (NLSEF) for compensation. In order to solve the problems of electric proportional valve dead-zone characteristics, unknown interference during high altitude operation, tilt angle changes during grinding, dead-zone compensation, and gravity compensation algorithms were incorporated into the controller. Finally, the experimental platform is built to carry out experiments under various working conditions. The experimental results show that the controller improves the system regulation time by 59%, with an overshoot close to zero, when compared with the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm. Also, both the absolute value of the maximum error and the mean square value of the error have been reduced to a large extent. As a result, the controller has a better force control accuracy and dynamic tracking performance, strong interference rejection capability and adaptability, and provides a theoretical basis for practical engineering applications.

Differences in Serum Blood Sugar Levels that were Directly Checked and Delayed for 1 Hour at Room Temperature using a Gel Separator Vacuum Tube

Blood sugar testing is essential for diabetes management and should be fast, accurate, and affordable. This study aims to determine the difference in blood sugar levels between immediate and delayed (1-hour) serum examinations using vacuum gel separator tubes at Prof. Dr. H. M. Anwar Makkatutu Bantaeng Hospital. An observational laboratory research with a comparative quantitative design was conducted on 23 purposively selected patients undergoing routine check-ups, without a history of diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were analyzed immediately and after a 1-hour delay at room temperature. Results showed that in immediate examinations, blood sugar levels ranged from 79 to 161 mg/dL, with a mean of 109.26 mg/dL. In delayed examinations, levels ranged from 81 to 164 mg/dL, with a mean of 111.74 mg/dL. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that delaying blood sugar testing by 1 hour can lead to measurable changes in serum glucose levels, emphasizing the importance of timely sample processing in clinical settings.

A physio-chemical mathematical model of the effects of O2 and CO2 diffusion between the blood and gas phases of venous blood sampled in vacuum tubes.

Measurement of blood acid-base status is usually performed using standard blood gas syringes. This contrasts with venous blood for other purposes which are usually sampled in vacuum tubes which include a quantity of air. This study reports changes in blood sampled from normal participants over 90min in standard blood gas syringes, and in vacuum tubes designed for blood gas sampling. It proposes a mathematical model based on physio-chemical processes to simulate changes occurring in the vacuum tubes due to contamination with air. Venous blood samples were taken from 20 normal participants, into standard blood gas syringes and analysed at baseline and 90min; and 2ml and 4ml vacuum tubes analysed after 20 and 90min. A mathematical model was proposed describing diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and gas phases of the vacuum tubes, and used to simulate corresponding measured values of plasma pH, pCO2, pO2, glucose, and lactate. Simulated and measured values were compared with Bland-Altman and correlation analysis. Differences between measured and model simulated values were (bias±SD): pH -0.01±0.01, pCO2 0.03±0.17kPa, pO2 0.88±1.73kPa, glucose -0.01±0.11mmol/l and lactate 0.06±0.18mmol/l. All linear correlations between measured and simulated values had R2>0.90. This paper illustrates that the effects of sampling in vacuum tubes can be accurately simulated with a mathematical model of physio-chemistry. While further evaluation is necessary, this may indicate a role for this model in the use of vacuum tubes for routine acid-base and oxygenation analysis.

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Wide Band Gap Semiconductors for Automotive Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Wide Band Gap Semiconductors for Automotive Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Ultrawide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices for RF, Power and Optoelectronic Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Ultrawide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices for RF, Power and Optoelectronic Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices: Exploration of the Exciting world of Multifunctional Oxide-Based Electronic Devices: From Material to System-Level Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices: Exploration of the Exciting world of Multifunctional Oxide-Based Electronic Devices: From Material to System-Level Applications

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices(TED)

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices(TED)

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief: IEEE Electron Device Letters

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief: IEEE Electron Device Letters

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices Table of Contents

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices Table of Contents

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Electron Device Letters

Call for Nominations for Editor-in-Chief IEEE Electron Device Letters

Investigation of Corrosion Behavior of CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloy in Various Corrosive Conditions

Copper-based SMAs are an interesting group of metal alloys with widespread potential in medical and industrial applications. Cu-based shape memory alloys of Cu-22Zn-4Al alloy as master alloy have been prepared by powder metallurgy technique with and without adding (0.2 and 0.4) wt.% of Zr. The powders were mixed for 5 hours and compacted under 650 MPa pressure to form the alloys. The alloys were subjected to a three-step sintering process in a vacuum tube furnace. Several tests have been done, such as microstructure observation and phase analysis utilizing scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrochemical corrosion tests for alloys with and without adding (Zr) were carried out utilizing the potential dynamic polarization technique in three solutions (HCl, NaOH, NaCl). XRD and microstructural analysis showed that all alloy compositions consisted of the predominating Cu5Zn8 phase. Corrosion test results have shown that the highest corrosion resistance was found in the addition of (0.4 wt.% Zr), which gives the lowest corrosion rate (30.31 mpy) in 3.5% NaCl solution. It has been noted that the corrosion rate of the base alloy was 86.88 mpy.

Design and Simulation of advanced boron-doped GaN cap layer on AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMTs for enhanced label-free biosensing applications.

This study focuses on the design and simulation of a biosensor based on HEMT technology, with a focus on a GaN/AlGaN MOSHEMT architecture with a cavity and a boron-doped GaN cap layer, for identifying label-free biological molecules. The inclusion of a boron-doped GaN cap layer in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure facilitates E-mode operation. We examined the influence of neutral or label-free biomolecules on the electron concentration and device sensitivity. The Sentaurus TCAD device simulation tool was used to analyze the MOSHEMT structure. Our findings suggest that low dielectric biomolecules increase the drain current, whereas higher dielectric values decrease the drain current. We also evaluated the device performance across various cavity lengths (100nm, 200nm, 300nm, and 400nm). The AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT provides excellent sensitivity and precision in biological detection. The proposed GaN cap layer MOSHEMT biosensor is designed to detect biomolecules such as Keratin, Zein, ChOx, Biotin, Streptavidin, and Urease. The addition of these biomolecules to the nanocavity significantly enhances the drain current, transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), and sensitivity. The device demonstrates high sensitivity (~ 73%) under optimized parameters, making it suitable for precise label-free biosensing applications.

Direct Spin-Imaging Detector Based on Freestanding Magnetic Nanomembranes.

An analog of the optical polarizer-analyzer for electrons, a spin filter based on a freestanding ferromagnetic (FM) nanomembrane covering the entrance of the microchannel plate (MCP) was applied for efficient spin filtering and electron amplification in the 2D field of view. To study the spin dependent transmission, we constructed a spin-triode device (spintron), which consists of a compact proximity focused vacuum tube with the Na_{2}KSb spin-polarized electron source, the FM-MCP and phosphor screen placed to run parallel to each other. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of FM nanomembranes consisting of a [Co/Pt] superlattice deposited on a freestanding 3nm SiO_{2} layer with a total thickness of 10nm. The FM-MCP has ∼10^{6} channels with a single-channel Sherman function S=0.6 and a transmission of ∼1.5×10^{-3} in the low electron energy range. The FM-MCP-based device provides a compact optical method for measuring the spin polarization of free electron beams in the imaging mode and is well suited for photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy methods.

Pump-induced stimulated superradiant Smith-Purcell radiation with ultra-narrow linewidth

Lasers with the gain medium of gas, liquid, semiconductor, and solid could generate coherent light with rather narrow spectral linewidth, which play an important role in the fields of communication, measurement, sensing, and so on. Although free electron lasers have been realized with their unique advantages, they face challenges in narrowing the spectral linewidth, owing to electron energy fluctuation, Coulomb effect, and other mechanism. Here we demonstrate the superradiant Smith-Purcell radiation (S-SPR) in terahertz frequency band with ultra-narrow and continuously tunable linewidth in a compact device. By proposing a new effect of pump-induced stimulated S-SPR (PIS-SPR), the spectral linewidth could be reduced to 0.3 kHz @ 291.7 GHz, which is about two–six orders of magnitude narrower compared with those obtained by accelerators and other electron devices. Meanwhile, the wide range of continuously tunable spectral linewidth spanning 0.3–900 kHz is observed for the first time. This work provides a way to greatly narrow the spectral linewidth of free electron radiation and to achieve high-order harmonic of S-SPR in a compact device, and offers a platform to study the interaction between free electron bunches and different micro-&nano-structures.

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices: Exploration of the Exciting World of Multifunctional Oxide-Based Electronic Devices: From Material to System-Level Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Materials for Electron Devices: Exploration of the Exciting World of Multifunctional Oxide-Based Electronic Devices: From Material to System-Level Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Wide Band Gap Semiconductors for Automotive Applications

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices on Wide Band Gap Semiconductors for Automotive Applications

Explosive Pulsed Power to Drive a Vacuum Tube

Explosive Pulsed Power to Drive a Vacuum Tube

Model construction and performance research of an equal-length multi-section asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator based on solar vacuum tube

Model construction and performance research of an equal-length multi-section asymmetric compound parabolic concentrator based on solar vacuum tube