Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance, is widely detected in environmental and biological systems and has been associated with renal toxicity. However, the integrated relationship between oxidative stress, erythropoietic regulation, angiogenic signaling, and fibrotic remodeling remains insufficiently defined. This study evaluated dose- and duration-dependent nephrotoxic effects of sub-chronic PFOA exposure in male Wistar albino rats. Animals received oral administration of PFOA at 48 or 96 mg/kg body weight over exposure periods of 30, 60, and 90 days. Renal toxicity was assessed using serum biochemical markers, hematological parameters, electrolyte levels, and erythropoietin concentration. Oxidative stress was evaluated through lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological changes were examined using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Periodic Acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue staining, while immunohistochemistry was performed for Vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PFOA exposure resulted in significant renal dysfunction, including increased serum urea, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels, accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant defenses (p < 0.05). Histological examination revealed glomerular atrophy, tubular degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and collagen deposition. Increased Vimentin expression and reduced VEGF immunoreactivity indicated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and impaired angiogenic signaling. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that PFOA-induced nephrotoxicity involves coordinated disruption of redox balance, hypoxia-responsive signaling, and angiogenic pathways rather than isolated oxidative injury. This integrative framework provides mechanistic insight into PFAS-associated renal disease and identifies the erythropoietin-VEGF axis as a potential target for early intervention.

A copper(II) complex with L-glutamic acid was synthesized and comprehensively characterized to elucidate its structural, electronic, redox, thermal, and biological interaction properties. FT-IR analysis confirmed coordination through carboxylate oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms, evidenced by shifts in ν_as(COO⁻) and ν_s(COO⁻) bands along with the appearance of Cu-O and Cu-N vibrational modes. The electronic spectrum of the Cu(II) complex exhibits a broad and low-intensity d-d transition in the 600-800nm region, which is characteristic of a Jahn-Teller distorted octahedral geometry; this assignment is further supported by the observed effective magnetic moment (µ_eff = 2.46 BM), consistent with a d⁹ Cu(II) system. Fluorescence analysis shows an emission maximum in the 430-460nm range with a Stokes shift of approximately 70-100nm, indicating significant excited-state relaxation and ligand field perturbation arising from coordination of glutamic acid to the Cu(II) center. Thermogravimetric analysis showed major decomposition steps between 167 and 187°C, confirming the thermal stability of the coordinated framework. Molar conductivity measurements indicated weak electrolyte behavior, suggesting the predominance of a neutral complex species in solution. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated a quasi-reversible Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple with ligand-dependent potential shifts, reflecting coordination-induced modulation of electron density at the metal center. Molecular docking investigations revealed enhanced receptor binding affinity of the Cu(II) complex compared to free glutamic acid, with calculated binding energies reaching up to - 9.20kcal·mol⁻¹, accompanied by strengthened hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions within receptor binding pockets. These combined results establish a clear structure-electronic-biological correlation, demonstrating that coordination-induced changes in electronic structure and redox properties directly influence the binding affinity and interaction behavior of the complex with biological targets.

Severe Acute Malnutrition [SAM] is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Electrolyte disturbances significantly influence treatment outcomes but are often underemphasized in clinical protocols. Understanding these disturbances and their impact on recovery is critical to improving management strategies and survival rates among children with SAM. To assess serum electrolyte and their association with treatment outcomes among children with SAM. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 110 under five children who were admitted with SAM in Woldia comprehensive specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Serum electrolytes were measured at admission using standard laboratory procedures. multinomial logistic regression was employed to evaluate predictors of treatment outcomes, categorized as recovery, default, transferred out, and died. Of the 110 participants, 85.5% were transferred out after improvement, 8.2% died, and 6.4% defaulted. Hyponatremia, observed in 55.5% of study participants, was the strongest predictor of mortality with 77.8% of children who died having sodium levels below 135 mmol/L. Serum electrolyte disturbances significantly influence treatment outcomes in children with SAM, with hyponatremia being the most critical predictors of mortality. Integrating electrolyte management into SAM protocols and addressing comorbidities can enhance recovery rates and reduce mortality.

Although oral feeding is generally preferred over parenteral nutrition during refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa, parenteral nutrition often plays a critical role in ensuring adequate nutritional support during early refeeding and preventing underfeeding syndrome. However, few studies have examined route-specific effects on refeeding-related electrolyte deficiencies while accounting for the actual caloric intake delivered via each route. We retrospectively examined 208 admissions from 98 patients with anorexia nervosa who were hospitalized in the psychiatric ward of Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital between January 2000 and June 2025. The mean age was 35.3 ± 11.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) at admission was 12.2 ± 2.2kg/m². In 139 of the 208 admissions (66.8%), nutrition was administered via both oral and parenteral routes. Outcome variables included serum electrolyte levels (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) at admission, at the in-hospital nadir, and the percent decrease from admission to nadir. Explanatory variables included caloric intake via the oral route (with a regular diet and enteral formulas analyzed separately) and the parenteral route (with dextrose and non-dextrose nutrients [amino acids and lipids] analyzed separately), electrolyte provision per calorie, BMI, and admission laboratory data. Multivariable mixed-effects regression analyses were performed. Caloric intake from a regular diet, enteral formulas, and parenteral non-dextrose administration was not associated with nadir electrolyte levels or with percent decreases from admission. In contrast, higher parenteral dextrose caloric intake was significantly associated with lower nadir magnesium levels (p < 0.001) and with greater percent decreases in magnesium and calcium (p < 0.001, < 0.05, respectively). Importantly, electrolyte provision per calorie via the parenteral route was not lower than that via the oral route after accounting for reported gastrointestinal absorption rates and carbohydrate proportions in each route. These findings indicate that higher parenteral dextrose administration during refeeding is associated with electrolyte decreases. This likely reflects route-specific differences in glucose handling: parenteral nutrition delivers glucose directly and rapidly into the systemic circulation, bypassing hepatic first-pass uptake that normally buffers systemic glucose and insulin exposure during oral intake. Our findings underscore the need for heightened vigilance for electrolyte deficiencies, particularly when administering parenteral dextrose.

Background Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBD), an effective and inexpensive antifungal agent, has significant adverse effects. Studies demonstrating the use of protective measures to prevent or reduce different adverse effects of AmBD are scarce in patients with hematological disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effect profile of AmBD administered with a standardized infusion protocol among hematologic patients. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center of India among 150 hospitalized patients of all ages with different hematological disorders who had received AmBD administered with standardized infusion protocol consisting of premedication use, intravenous hydration and salt loading, and electrolyte supplementation. The clinical characteristics were recorded. Renal function parameters and serum electrolyte levels were measured at regular interval. AmBD-associated infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs), electrolyte imbalances and nephrotoxicity were assessed. Results AmBD-associated IRAEs, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and nephrotoxicity were observed in 48 (32%), 90 (60%), 123 (82%), and 42 (28%) patients, respectively. In majority of patients, these adverse effects were reversible. AmBD was stopped due to severe IRAEs in 8 (5.3%), hypokalemia in 4 (2.7%), and nephrotoxicity in 6 (4%) patients. Baseline invasive fungal infection (IFI) and AmBD dose >1 mg/kg were risk factors for developing nephrotoxicity. Conclusion We have demonstrated that the AmBD use in hematologic patients is associated with a relatively lower and the reversible IRAEs and nephrotoxicity along with manageable electrolyte imbalances, if it is administered with standardized infusion protocol. Therefore, AmBD should be considered as an inexpensive antifungal agent for IFIs among hematologic patients in resource-constrained settings.

Introduction: Serum electrolyte measurement, particularly sodium, potassium, and chloride, is among the most commonly ordered investigations in routine and emergency care. Rapid and accurate reporting is essential for timely clinical decisions. Most modern electrolyte analysers utilise Ion-selective Electrode (ISE) technology, available in two forms: direct ISE (dISE), which measures electrolytes in undiluted serum, and indirect ISE (iISE), which measures them after pre-dilution. These methodological differences may influence reported values. Aim: To compare the serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels measured using dISE versus iISE methods. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India, from March 2024 to and June 2024. A total of 150 serum samples were obtained from the outpatients, inpatients, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Paired serum samples available for simultaneous direct and iISE estimation were included. Deidentified residual samples were analysed and assigned a unique code. dISE was performed using the ABL800 FLEX (Radiometer) on undiluted serum, while iISE was performed using the Beckman Coulter AU5800 on prediluted serum; both followed the manufacturer’s calibration and two-level internal Quality Control (QC) protocols. Testing order was randomised, and paired measurements were completed within 30-60 minutes to avoid analyte instability. Statistical analysis included Bland–Altman plots to assess agreement and Spearman’s correlation to evaluate the association between the two methods. Analysis was stratified by clinically relevant electrolyte ranges, with p&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: dISE yielded significantly higher sodium and chloride levels than iISE. Subgroup analysis using clinically relevant thresholds demonstrated significant correlations for serum sodium ≤140 mEq/L, potassium ≥4.5 mEq/L, and chloride levels across both concentration groups (&gt;103 and &lt;103 mEq/L), with correlation coefficients of r=0.546, 0.870, 0.602, and 0.703, respectively (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: A significant difference was observed between dISE and iISE methods for serum electrolyte measurement, particularly within specific clinical ranges. These findings highlight the need for methodological consistency in electrolyte analysis, especially in emergency and critical care settings, to prevent misinterpretation and inappropriate clinical decisions arising from analytical variability.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the ileum in a 17-year-old adolescent: A case report

G-353 Tenapanor Decreases Serum Phosphate Without Altering Other Serum Electrolytes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease With Hyperphosphatemia on Dialysis

High dietary salt intake is a well-established modifiable risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Salt sensitivity - a blood pressure (BP) phenotype defined by exaggerated BP response to salt loading, remains underrecognised in normotensive populations despite its strong link to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The burden and determinants of salt sensitivity amongst young Nigerians remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with salt sensitivity, explore potential ethnic and sex-related differences and determine the independent predictors of salt-sensitive (SS) BP response amongst normotensive young adult Nigerians. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioural data. Participants underwent a 5-day salt-loading protocol. BP, serum and urinary electrolytes were assessed before and after salt-loading. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tools and P values set at P < 0.05. Among the participants, 24% were SS. The prevalence of salt sensitivity was higher in Igbos (47.8%) compared to Yorubas (20.5%). SS individuals had significantly lower baseline systolic, diastolic and MA P values and reduced urinary sodium concentrations pre-salt loading, particularly among females. There were no statistically significant associations between salt sensitivity and body mass index, sleep duration or residential location ( P > 0.05). Salt sensitivity is common amongst normotensive young adult Nigerians, with clear ethnic and sex-related differences. The observed subclinical BP alterations and reduced sodium excretion suggest early renal or vascular dysregulation in SS individuals. These findings underscore the need for early identification and targeted prevention strategies to reduce future hypertension risk in this population.

The global increase in end-stage renal disease has led to more patients initiating hemodialysis. The transition to hemodialysis is a critical period characterized by lifestyle disruption and multidimensional adaptation. A successful transition is essential for sustaining long-term physical and psychological well-being. It requires adapting to new routines, forming supportive relationships, and developing self-management skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a hybrid transition program integrating face-to-face and digital components for patients newly initiated on in-center hemodialysis. A multicenter quasi-experimental study was conducted at two dialysis centers in South Korea. Patients who had received hemodialysis for less than 36 months were recruited between December 2023 and March 2024. Of 57 participants, 30 were assigned to the intervention group and 27 to the control group. The intervention group participated in an 8-week hybrid program consisting of in-person education and mobile application support, while the control group received usual care. Data were collected at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 4-week follow-up (T2). The primary outcome was transition to hemodialysis. Secondary outcomes included dialysis symptoms, depression, quality of life, and clinical indicators (serum potassium, serum phosphorus, and interdialytic weight gain). Group-by-time effects were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for transition(p=.013), depression(p=.001), quality of life(p=.038), and interdialytic weight gain(p=.042). The intervention group showed improved transition and quality of life, with reduced depression and interdialytic weight gain. No significant differences were observed for dialysis symptoms or serum electrolyte levels. The hybrid transition program improved patients' transition to hemodialysis, reduced depressive symptoms, enhanced quality of life, and decreased interdialytic weight gain. These findings suggest that hybrid approaches integrating digital and in-person support can serve as effective nursing strategies to promote successful transition in new hemodialysis patients. Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0009417.

Background/Objectives: Pediatric intussusception, a condition where part of the intestine telescopes into an adjacent segment, predominantly affects children aged 6-18 months. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent serious complications such as ischemia or necrosis. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate and synthesize existing research on predictive and prognostic biomarkers associated with pediatric intussusception that can aid in early diagnosis, severity assessment, outcome prediction, and treatment. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific MeSH and free-text terms related to intussusception, biomarkers, and the pediatric population. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, with independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A total of 47 studies, mostly retrospective cohorts from diverse countries, with over 20,000 patients, were included. Results: The studies identified numerous biomarkers associated with disease severity, including hematological markers and indices (e.g., WBC counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), inflammatory markers (CRP and cytokines), biochemical markers (serum lactate, D-dimer, and electrolytes), and novel molecular markers (I-FABP, MCP-1, and transfer RNA fragments). Elevated inflammatory markers and derived ratios consistently predicted bowel necrosis, ischemia, and need for surgery. Biochemical markers like serum lactate and D-dimer correlated with ischemic severity. Emerging molecular biomarkers show promise for early, non-invasive risk stratification. However, heterogeneity in study designs, assay methods, and cutoff values currently limits immediate clinical application. Conclusions: Biomarker research offers valuable tools for improving pediatric intussusception management, with the potential to enhance early diagnosis and outcome prediction. While traditional markers are useful, novel molecular and protein biomarkers hold promise for more specific and rapid assessment. Validation through multicenter, prospective studies and standardized protocols is essential before routine implementation. Integrating biomarkers with clinical and imaging data could refine decision-making, ultimately reducing morbidity and improving prognosis in affected children.

Background:Syncope presents a frequent diagnostic dilemma, particularly in low-resource settings like Pakistan, where age-related variations in presentation and management are poorly characterised. This study sought to compare the clinical profiles, triggers, and recurrence predictors of syncope across paediatric and adult populations attending a tertiary cardiac centre. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, from January 2024 to May 2025. Using non-probability consecutive sampling, 220 patients with recent-onset syncope were enrolled, including 90 paediatric and 130 adult participants. Standardised clinical evaluations and investigations, including ECG, echocardiography, and laboratory parameters, were performed. Data were analysed using Shapiro–Wilk for normality, followed by t-test, Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, and logistic regression for group comparisons and predictors of recurrence. Results:The mean age of participants was 33.1 ± 18.7 years, with males comprising 55.9%. Vasovagal syncope was most prevalent (50.5%), and cardiac syncope was more frequent in adults (χ² = 22.03, p &lt; 0.001). Adults showed higher serum glucose (163.5 mg/dL, IQR: 128.1–201.4, p &lt; 0.001) and electrolyte levels (138.7 mEq/L, IQR: 137.2–140.9, p = 0.017). Syncope recurrence occurred in 19.1% and was significantly associated with cardiac syncope (OR 3.21, p = 0.001), abnormal echocardiography (OR 2.94, p = 0.007), and psychiatric comorbidity (OR 1.87, p = 0.042). Positive correlations were observed between glucose and episode frequency (ρ = 0.364, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion:Significant clinical, biochemical, and diagnostic differences were identified between paediatric and adult syncope patients. Cardiac involvement and psychosocial factors emerged as key predictors of recurrence, underscoring the need for age-tailored syncope assessment pathways in Pakistani tertiary care settings.

Conductometric investigations on praseodymium soaps (myristate and palmitate) were performed at various temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C) and concentrations in a 60/40 benzene-methanol mixture (V/V). The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) obtained at different temperatures showed reasonable consistency with the CMC values derived from other physical measurement techniques. The molar conductance results indicated that praseodymium soaps in the 60/40 benzene-methanol mixture (V/V) act as weak electrolytes in dilute solutions, so the dissociation of these soaps can be understood through Ostwald’s dilution law. Various thermodynamic parameters for both the dissociation and micellization processes were evaluated. The thermodynamic findings suggest that the micellization process is favored over the dissociation process.

Background: Aspiration of the gastric contents in the perioperative period is a serious complication of surgery and anaesthesia. Pre-operative fasting aims to reduce gastric volume and increases pH, thereby decreasing the risk of aspiration. This study compared gastric volume measured by ultrasonography, gastric pH, serum glucose, serum electrolytes, and serum lactate (metabolic parameters) in patients after overnight fasting versus after ingestion of 200 ml of clear fluid (water) 2 hours before laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Material and Methods: It was a prospective, randomised clinical study conducted at a hospital, in which patients aged ≥18 years undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia served as subjects. The subjects were randomised into two groups based on a computer-generated randomisation table: Group A (overnight fasting) and Group B (200 ml of clear water 2 hours before surgery). Gastric volume was evaluated with the help of ultrasonography, and the pH of gastric contents was measured with the help of pH strips after aspirating. Serum glucose, electrolytes, and lactate were examined. Results: Our research revealed no significant differences between groups in age, sex, or weight. Ultrasonic measurement of the mean gastric volume was much smaller in Group B (20.2 ± 4.3 ml) than in Group A (28.9 ± 7.9 ml; p &lt; 0.001). There was a statistically higher difference between Mean gastric pH in Group B (2.57 ± 0.89) and Group A (1.39 ± 0.7; p &lt; 0.001). There was also much less difference in serum potassium and serum lactate levels in group B. Conclusion: We concluded that allowing clear fluids during the preoperative period was associated with reduced gastric volume, higher gastric pH and improved metabolic parameters, without evidence of increased aspiration risk. Implementation of evidence-based fasting guidelines may help reduce patient discomfort, dehydration and metabolic stress associated with prolonged fasting. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Gastric volume, Gastric pH, random blood sugar, Serum electrolytes.

Renogrit protects against folic acid-induced kidney damage in rat model of acute renal failure by regulating serum creatinine and urea levels.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive salt-wasting tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, and hyperaldosteronism without hypertension. It usually presents in childhood; however, adult-onset cases are infrequent and often misdiagnosed. We report a young adult male from Pakistan with congenital deaf-mutism who presented with vomiting, irritability, and altered sensorium. Laboratory findings revealed persistent hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury secondary to sepsis. Despite adequate potassium replacement, hypokalemia persisted, prompting evaluation for a renal potassium-wasting disorder. Further investigations showed elevated urinary sodium, potassium, and chloride with normal magnesium and a normal-to-high urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio, consistent with Bartter syndrome. The patient was managed with intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and potassium supplementation, followed by the addition of oral potassium chloride and spironolactone. Clinical and biochemical improvement was noted, with normalization of renal function and serum electrolytes at discharge and on follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic importance of considering Bartter syndrome in adults with refractory hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis, particularly after excluding more common causes such as vomiting or diuretic abuse. The coexistence of chronic hypotension and prior myocardial infarction highlights the potential cardiovascular implications of chronic hypokalemia. Bartter syndrome may present in adulthood with atypical features. Early recognition through targeted biochemical evaluation and timely initiation of potassium-sparing therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes and prevention of renal and cardiovascular complications, especially in resource-limited settings lacking genetic diagnostic facilities.

A novel serum phosphorus to chloride and bicarbonate ratio predicts severe acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study.

Electrolyte imbalance and post-open-heart surgery complications: Is there a link?

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential in keeping the metabolism and electrolytes at the right level. The condition is known as subclinical thyroid dysfunction, characterised by abnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels despite normal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Even though overt thyroid disorders are well understood to result in electrolyte imbalances, there is limited information on electrolyte imbalance in the case of tertiary care cases of subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHE). These delicate biochemical changes should be recognised, as even minor changes in electrolytes can contribute to morbidity and affect clinical practice. The study aims to correlate and analyse electrolyte imbalance between subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHE) at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital, Campus - II, Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India), and included 28 adult patients presenting with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. The identification of patients into SHO (n = 66) and SHE (n = 62) was based on thyroid function tests. Measurement of serum TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) was done by automated immunoassays. Standard automated electrolyte analysers were used to measure the serum electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium. Demographic and clinical records were collected, and patients with underlying conditions or medications that could alter their electrolyte balance were excluded. Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism showed significantly lower mean serum sodium (134.62 ± 3.18 mEq/L), chloride (100.84 ± 3.56 mEq/L), calcium (8.68 ± 0.54 mg/dL), and magnesium (1.74 ± 0.26 mg/dL) compared to subclinical hyperthyroidism (p &lt; 0.001). SHO showed a highly significant difference in serum potassium, whereas SHE showed a higher incidence of hypokalaemia (29.03%). In SHO, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia was common. The correlations between TSH and the concentrations of sodium, calcium, and magnesium showed strong negative associations, whereas the correlation with potassium showed a positive association. Conclusion: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction relates to major and electrolyte imbalances. Thyroid disorders with subclinical conditions can be identified and managed at an early stage by routine electrolyte evaluation in patients. Keywords: Subclinical Hypothyroidism; Subclinical Hyperthyroidism; Electrolyte Imbalance; Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone.

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major global health problem, with acute exacerbations (AECOPD) contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Electrolyte disturbances are common in AECOPD and may worsen clinical outcomes, yet limited data exist from highburden regions such as Delhi. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of serum electrolyte abnormalities in AECOPD patients and their association with disease severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of General Medicine, Swami Dayanand Hospital, Delhi. Ninety-five patients with confirmed COPD presenting with acute exacerbation were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical history, examination, and relevant investigations, including serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride levels, were recorded at presentation. Electrolyte abnormalities were categorized as hypo-, normal-, or hyper-levels. Disease severity was graded, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with p &lt; 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age was 59.22 ± 10.88 years, with males comprising 54.74% of the cohort. Smoking history was present in 58.95%, and hypertension was the most common comorbidity (32.63%). Hyponatremia was present in 51.58%, hypochloremia in 57.9%, hypokalemia in 41.05%, and hypocalcemia in 28.42% of patients. Hyponatremia (p = 0.02) and hypokalemia (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with moderate to severe exacerbations. Conclusion: Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hyponatremia and hypochloremia, are highly prevalent in AECOPD and correlate with disease severity. Routine electrolyte monitoring should be an integral part of AECOPD management to improve outcomes.