Electrode Materials For Supercapacitors Research Articles

Hydrothermally synthesized binder-less ZnS/CdS on nickel foam as promising hybrid supercapacitor electrode materials

A binary composite of metal sulfides (MS) is directly synthesized on nickel foam through hydrothermal process, resulting in snow like nanosphere suitable for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). Herein, a ZnS/CdS binary composite has been grown directly on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal method. The structural features, morphological characteristics and electrochemical performance of the composite are systematically investigated. Especially, the highest capacitance of 739–325 F/g at 1–10 A/g was attained with good rate performance. Moreover, a binder-less ZnS/CdS/NF composite achieved a high power of 5030 W/kg at 42 Wh/kg energy density by realizing an expanded voltage to 1.8 V with decent durability. Interestingly, a 92.84 % retention was noticed after 6500 cycles, which indicates high performance stability of the ZnS/CdS/NF||AC HSC. These outcomes reveal the promising prospect of all-metal sulfide utilization for next-generation energy storage devices.

Tailored copper doped indium sulfide nanostructures as electrode material for supercapacitor and nano photocatalyst for dye degradation

The unique copper-doped indium sulfide nanocrystals are synthesized by a gentle hydrothermal process. XRD, FTIR, XPS, FESEM/EDX, UV-DRS, and PL were used to characterize the final samples. Copper-doped indium sulfide nanostructures can be exploited as an active catalyst in photodegradation and as an electroactive material in supercapacitors due to their distinctive architecture. The copper-doped indium sulfide catalyst exhibits 85 percent photodegradation using methylene blue dye under natural sunlight irradiation, and the electrochemical test showed a capacitance of 668 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 in a 2 M KOH electrolyte solution. For future generations, photocatalyst and electrode can function as more desirable materials.

Electrochemical analysis of sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesized mesoporous strontium titanate spherical nanoparticles as electrode material for high-performance flexible supercapacitors

Perovskite oxides with large specific surface areas present a promising avenue for enhancing supercapacitor efficiency. This study investigates the remarkable charge storage capabilities of strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques for electrochemical energy storage applications. The cubic crystal structure of STO, confirmed from X-ray Diffraction analysis, synthesized at lower temperatures through both methods, provides three-dimensional diffusion channels for oxygen anion movement, which is crucial for improving charge storage capacity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the elements’ oxidation states and their spin-orbit splitting. The spherical nanoparticle morphology was observed in the FESEM images, BET characterization revealed a high specific surface area contributing to more charge storage and mesoporous nature facilitates excellent mass transfer rates of electrolytic ions. Electrochemical measurements and calculations confirmed that sol-gel and hydrothermally synthesized STO electrodes exhibit maximum specific capacitances of 130 F g−1 and 156 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1, respectively. A fabricated flexible supercapacitor device in an aqueous medium maintains a constant voltage of 1.2 V, capable of powering a digital watch. Hence, this study demonstrates the potential of STO electrode-based supercapacitors for a wide range of electrochemical energy storage applications.

Influence of morphological variations in cobalt bismuth oxide on supercapacitor performance

In this study, we successfully synthesized novel cobalt bismuth oxide (CBO) using various solvothermal methods. These materials were then utilized as active electrode materials for supercapacitors and photocatalysts. A variety of techniques was employed to analyse the crystal structure, morphology, and surface of the prepared samples. The morphological analysis revealed that S1 (nanosheet) and S3 (nanoneedles) are in nanostructure form. The S3 electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 270.9 F g-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1, compared to the S1 electrode, which exhibited a specific capacitance of 181.7 F g-1 under the same conditions. Furthermore, when subjected to a current density of 3 A g-1, the S1 and S3 retained 79 % and 62 % of their capacitance, respectively after 2000 cycles. The morphological variations in the samples play a crucial role in capacitive performance and mechanism, characterised by a significant presence of lattice defects and oxygen vacancies.

Decoding electrochemical dynamics: Examining the potential of GO/Cu1-xSrxCr2O4 nanocomposite for high-performance supercapacitor energy storage

In this study, pure Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple precipitation route followed by calcination at 70 °C for 2 h, resulting in a high-performance supercapacitor nanoelectrode material. Characterization techniques confirmed the formation and properties of the synthesized materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the crystalline structure of the nanocomposite, with the d-spacing value of GO changing to 7.6 Å and the presence of peaks indicating the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4 phase. The average crystalline sizes were found to be 13.5 nm for GO, 16.15 nm for CuCr₂O₄, and 21.2 nm for the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the highly porous nature of the samples, with average grain sizes of 30 nm, 25 nm, and 27.4 nm for GO, CuCr₂O₄, and Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO, respectively. Elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of copper, chromium, and oxygen, along with minor impurities. Raman spectroscopy indicated an increased defect density in the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO nanocomposite, with an ID/IG ratio of 1.57 compared to 1.01 for GO. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed a bandgap of 3.65 eV for GO and 2.49 eV for the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO nanocomposite. Electrochemical characterization included electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The EIS analysis showed that the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4 /GO nanocomposite had a lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 1.29 Ω compared to GO and CuCr2O4, indicating higher conductivity. The maximum specific capacitance of the Cu1-xSrxCr2O4 /GO nanocomposite was 1935.8 F/g at a scan rate of 3 mV/s in 1 M KOH electrolyte, significantly higher than that of GO alone (480.190 F/g). This study demonstrates the potential of Cu1-xSrxCr2O4/GO nanocomposites as efficient supercapacitor electrode materials, showcasing enhanced capacitance and conductivity due to the synergistic effects of the components.

Supercapacitance and Photocatalytic Properties of Keggin Polyoxomolybdated-based 3D Supramolecular Compounds

Constructing efficient electrode materials and photocatalysts to tackle energy scarcity and water pollution is still extremely challenging. Here, four isomorphic Keggin compounds, namely {[M(Tetp)6][H3XMo12O40]2}·6H2O (M=Co/Ni, X=Si/Ge, Co-SiMo12, Ni-SiMo12, Co-GeMo12, Ni-GeMo12, Tetp = 4-[4-(2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl]-pyridine) were synthesized and directly used as electrode materials for supercapacitors and photocatalysts to reduce Cr (VI). In particular, the combination of polyoxometalates (POMs) that have abundant redox active sites with transition metal-organic compounds (TMCs) improves the internal ion/electron transport efficiency and photocatalytic activity. Specifically, Co-SiMo12 exhibits a higher specific capacitance value (588.46 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and the photocatalytic reduction efficiency (over 90%) of Cr (VI) in 25 min. This work provides a feasible scheme for supercapacitor energy storage and photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants.

Bay-substituted Perylene diimides (PDIs) as redox mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells and active electrode material in supercapacitors

In recent years, innovations in materials design have improved the optoelectronic properties of advanced materials and facilitated their efficient utilization. A significant amount of research has been conducted on developing perylene diimide (PDI) dyes for their use in various energy-related applications. In the present work, we have synthesized bay-substituted PDI derivatives and explored their dual applications in energy harvesting and storage devices. The nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1,7/1,6-brominated Val-PDI was performed by using 2-naphthol (N) and its Nitrogen analogue 8-hydroxy quinoline (Q) for analysing the effect of N-heterocycle at the bay position. The prepared 1,7 (N1/Q1) and 1,6 (N2/Q2) PDIs underwent thorough photophysical and electrochemical analyses and their structures were optimized through density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP approach with a 6-31+G (d,p) basis set. Although all the prepared bay-substituted PDIs showed reasonable redox activity, N1 was chosen as an electrolyte dopant in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) owing to its band alignment. This aided in enhanced electron lifetime and charge transfer properties, which led to an enhanced efficiency of 2.04 % while the conventional DSSC delivered only 1.84 % at 200 W m−2 illumination. Additionally, the symmetrical supercapacitor fabricated by using Q1 as electrode material generated a high specific capacitance of 146.54 F g−1. Thus, the proposed work opens avenues for the utility of bay-substituted PDI derivatives for organic electronic applications.

Preparation of Cu‐MOF/Bi2WO6 Binary Composites by the Solvothermal Method: Its Characterization and Application as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

ABSTRACTIn this research, the synthesis of a binary composite was conducted by combining Cu‐MOF and Bi2WO6. The resulting composite, denoted as CuBW, was systematically prepared with varying weight percentages: CuBW20, CuBW50, and CuBW80. To assess the properties of the composites, multiple characterization techniques were employed, including FTIR, XRD, FESEM‐Elemental Mapping, BET‐BJH, TEM, HRTEM‐SAED, and XPS. The composites were subjected to electrochemical testing utilizing a three‐electrode system, with 3 M KOH serving as the electrolyte. Through the electrochemical study, various parameters were evaluated and subsequently compared to determine any differences or similarities among the different compositions. CuBW80 exhibits superior performance with a specific capacity of 1137 F g−1, specific energy of 11 Wh kg−1, and specific power of 4000 W kg−1 at an operating current density of 0.5 A g−1. In the cyclic stability test, CuBW80 demonstrated superior performance by retaining approximately 83% of its initial specific capacitance over 10000 cycles. This further highlights its resilience and durability, reinforcing its suitability for extended and reliable use in energy storage applications.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of NiMn Layered Double Hydroxides/Graphene Oxide Composites Synthesized by One-Step Hydrothermal Method for Supercapacitors.

This study aims to enhance the performance of supercapacitors, focusing particularly on optimizing electrode materials. While pure NiMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent electrochemical properties, they have limitations in achieving high specific capacitance. Therefore, this paper successfully synthesized composite materials of NiMn LDHs with varying loadings of graphene oxide (GO) using a hydrothermal method. Systematic physicochemical characterization of the synthesized materials, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman spectroscopy, revealed the influence of GO doping on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of NiMn LDHs. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the NiMn LDHs/GO electrode material exhibited optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 2096 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density and 1471 F g-1 at 10 A g-1, when GO doping level was 0.45 wt %. Furthermore, after 1000 cycles of stability testing, the material retained 53.3 % capacitance at 5 A g-1, indicating good cyclic stability. This study not only provides new directions for research on supercapacitor electrode materials but also offers new strategies for developing low-cost and efficient electrode materials.

Synergistic effect of hydrothermally synthesized rGO@CuPbTiO3 electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors

Herein, CuPbTiO3 and rGO@CuPbTiO3 nanocomposites were hydrothermally synthesized and their electrochemical and physiochemical properties were examined. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that rGO@CuPbTiO3 exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 1250 F.g−1 at a current density of 1 A.g-1. Furthermore, for three different electrode configurations, outcomes revealed a minimum ohmic resistance of 1.25 Ω. In addition, the GCD experiment confirmed a cyclic stability of 88 % after 12,000 charge/discharge cycles at 1 A.g-1. Therefore, rGO@CuPbTiO3 electrode material may be explored as a potential candidate for use in supercapacitor applications.

Ni-In-oxalate nanostructure as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors

Energy storage technologies play a crucial role in addressing the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources, improving the stability of electrical grids, and decreasing the release of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we presented nickel indium oxalate (Ni1-xInxC2O4) as a promising material with potential applications in the field of electrochemical energy storage. The as-prepared Ni-In- oxalate sample was subjected to different physical characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Regarding the electrochemical energy storage capability, the Ni1-xInxC2O4 electrode material exhibited a specific capacitance of 835 F g-1 (417.5 C g-1) at 1 A g-1. The incorporation of nickel into the indium oxalate nanoplates enhances their electrochemical performance. The presence of nickel in the nanoplates generated from substrate, improving the overall conductivity of the material and enhances its electrochemical reactions, thus leading to improved energy storage capabilities.

Thiol-functionalized conductive Co-MOF and its derivatives S-doped Co(OH)2 nanoflowers for high-performance supercapacitors

The low conductivity of many traditional metal–organic-framework (MOF)-based electrode limits their developments in the field of electrochemical energy storage and still of great challenge. The controllable preparation of various kinds of nanomaterials using thiol-functionalized MOF shows great prospects. In this work, a thiol-functionalized metal–organic framework sheet structure (Co-MOF/NF) on nickel foam was successfully prepared by in situ interfacial growth synthesis, which was transformed into its derivatives S-doped β-Co(OH)2 nanoflowers Co-x/NF (x = 1, 2 and 6) in different concentrations of KOH solutions through ion etching/exchange reaction. The pristine thiol-functionalized Co-MOF/NF and its derivatives Co-x/NF (x = 1, 2 and 6) nanoflower-like arrays could be used as positive electrode materials for effective supercapacitors. Among them, the transformation of the nanoflower-like Co-1/NF electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties with high areal capacitance (1925 ± 23 mF/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2), good rate performance, excellent conductivity and decent cycling stability. The Co-1//AC ASC device provides a high energy density of 0.176 mWh/cm2 (92.6 Wh/kg) at a power density of 0.745 mW/cm2 (392.1 W/kg). And this Co-1//AC ASC device exhibits a good cycling stability and practical application in energy storage field. This study provides a new strategy for the pristine thiol-functionalized MOF and its conversion nanostructures for energy storage applications.

Enhancement of supercapacitor efficiency by Fe3+ doping in hydrothermally synthesized NiO nanoparticles

This study examines the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of hydrothermally produced, 800°C-annealed pure and Fe3+ doped (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 M) NiO nanoparticles(NPs).The face-centred cubic structure of NiO NPs was verified by XRD analysis, and doping resulted in a decrease in crystallite size from 43.92 nm to 19.67 nm.FE-SEM revealed dense and irregularly arranged granular morphologies, while EDAX confirmed successful Fe3+ incorporation into NiO matrix. UV–Vis DRS showed an increase in bandgap energy from 3.15 eV to 3.71 eV. XPS confirmed the presence of Ni2+ and Fe3+ with their elemental compositions. According to BET analysis, Fe3+ doping increases pore size and specific surface area, which raises specific capacitance.VSM analysis of pure and Fe3+ doped NiO NPs demonstrated a transition from a weak ferromagnetic to a distinctive ferromagnetic behaviour, which is beneficial for energy storage as well as data storage applications.The electrochemical studies showed that 0.06 M Fe3+ doped NiO had the maximum specific capacitance of 360.96 F g−1 at the scan rate of 10 mV s−1and EIS Nyquist plots showed enhanced electrical conductivity. These results highlight the possibility of Fe3+ doped NiO NPs as excellent electrode materials for high-efficiency supercapacitors.

Capacitive behaviors for surface-sulfonated polyaniline nanofibers in different acidic electrolytes

Abstract Unique surface-sulfonated polyaniline nanofibers (PANI-S) were fabricated through one-pot polymerization to evaluate the feasibility of their applications as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors that can be operated in relatively weak acidic electrolytes. Benefiting from the self-doping effect and improved dispersion in aqueous solution for the nanofibers, as well as the effective buffering function of the electrolyte, the PANI-S exhibits excellent capacitive performance across a broad pH value range in acidic electrolytes. More clearly, the specific capacitance of the PANI-S remains remarkably stable, ranging from 752.4 to 754.4 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 and from 575.4 to 536.8 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, as the pH value of the electrolyte varies from 0 to 6. However, the capacity retention rate of PANI-S gradually decreases from 79.2% to 37.2% as the current density increases from 1 A g−1 to 20 A g−1, with the pH of the buffered solution increasing from 0 to 6. The excellent electrochemical activity in low acidic electrolytes for PANI nanofibers can be attributed to the compensation effects of the self-doped local proton reservoir.

Hierarchical Nb@NbN core-shell-like nanocolumns for asymmetric supercapacitors

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their high electrical conductivity and chemical stability. The rational design and facile synthesis of TMNs electrode materials with a unique nanostructure are the key to develop high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we propose a two-step, binder-free, and eco-friendly approach utilizing magnetron sputtering at an oblique angle deposition configuration to fabricate hierarchical Nb@NbN core–shell-like nanocolumns for supercapacitors. This distinctive heterostructure not only creates lattice defects, increases active surface area, facilitates ion diffusion and charge transfer, but also optimizes the electronic structure and enhances the conductivity. As a result, the hierarchical Nb@NbN core–shell-like nanocolumn electrodes exhibit a high areal capacitance of 53.3 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and an excellent capacitance retention of 93.5 % after 20,000 cycles, outperforming pristine NbN and the majority of previously reported TMNs electrodes. Moreover, the assembled Nb@NbN nanocolumns//VN thin films asymmetric supercapacitor device can deliver a maximum energy density of 49.8 mWh cm−3 and power density of 82 W cm−3. This work presents a facile and environmentally friendly strategy for the synthesis of TMNs core–shell-like nanocolumns, and further demonstrates their promising potential for use in supercapacitors.

Significantly enhanced electrochemical performance of Al-Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesized from Al-Ti3AlC2 MAX phase

MXenes, a type of two-dimensional nanomaterials consisting of transition metal carbides/nitrides, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Especially, Ti3C2Tx MXene prepared from Ti3AlC2 MAX phase shows great application potential in flexible supercapacitors due to its facile synthesis, excellent conductivity and film-forming property. In contrast to conventional Ti3AlC2, excessive aluminum is incorporated in the synthesis process to produce Al-Ti3AlC2. In this study, Ti3AlC2 and Al-Ti3AlC2 MAX phases are used to synthesize Ti3C2Tx and Al-Ti3C2Tx MXenes, respectively, by the same method of HF:HCl etching and LiCl intercalation. The freestanding Ti3C2Tx and Al-Ti3C2Tx film electrode is separately prepared through simple vacuum filtration. The presence of excess aluminum during the Al-Ti3AlC2 synthesis facilitates to form more homogeneous grains structure with relatively larger particle sizes and an improved stoichiometric MAX phase with a Ti:C ratio closer to 3:2. The resulting Al-Ti3C2Tx nanosheets show improved oxidation resistance with relatively uniform and larger dimensions, which facilitate the higher conductivity with slightly increased interlayer spacing for the Al-Ti3C2Tx film. Therefore, the Al-Ti3C2Tx film electrode shows more efficient ions transport and charge transfer, and thus achieves significantly enhanced capacitance (399 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and rate performance (63.6 % retention from 1 to 10 A g−1) compared to the Ti3C2Tx film electrode (342 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, 55.6 % retention from 1 to 10 A g−1). Moreover, the Al-Ti3C2Tx-based flexible sandwiched supercapacitor also exhibits superior energy storage performance. The impressive results indicate that Al-Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesized from Al-Ti3AlC2 MAX phase possesses the great application potential in flexible supercapacitors.

Effect of different electric field parameters on produced activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode materials

Effect of different electric field parameters on produced activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode materials

Hierarchical porous MXene film with diffusion path optimization for supercapacitor

MXenes have immense potential in electrochemical energy storage owing to their outstanding physicochemical properties such as their oxygen-containing groups that impart additional pseudocapacitance to acidic electrolytes. However, during electrode assembly, MXene nanosheets undergo restacking because of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, which causes electrolyte ions to traverse long diffusion pathways between the long and narrow nanosheets. Exploiting the oxidative properties of Ti3C2Tx, a hierarchical porous MXene film with micro-, meso- and macroporous structures was successfully prepared using a simple hydrothermal oxidation and etching process to create micro- and mesoporous structures, followed by ice templating to prepare three-dimensional (3D) linked macroporous structures. Because these hierarchical pores have synergistic effects on electrochemical activity and electrolyte ion diffusion, the film attained a specific capacitance of 539F/g at a current density of 2 A/g when it was used as a supercapacitor electrode, which corresponds to one of the highest values reported for MXene-based electrodes. The film retained 83% of its specific capacitance when the current density was increased to 40 A/g, and exhibited excellent cycling stability. By using this multi-porous MXene design, synergistic improvement in ion diffusion was successfully realized and thus a new strategy to prepare high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials was developed.

Rice husk-derived nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon/graphene nanosheets self-assembly for high-performance supercapacitors with chemical blowing method

Carbon materials derived from waste biomass are increasingly popular in energy devices due to their renewability, environmental benefits, and rich heteroatom functionalization. Herein, a simple and low-cost method for synthesising rice husk-derived nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon/graphene nanosheets (RNGNs) by chemical blowing was developed. Carbon was derived from rice husk (RH), while nitrogen was sourced from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and iron sodium salt hydrate (EDTA-FE), serving multiple roles as a blowing agent, an activating agent and a graphitization catalyst in a closed system. This approach facilitates the formation of a unique 3D structure of 2D graphene self-assembly on the wrinkled surface of graphitic carbon. As an electrode material for supercapacitors, the obtained RNGN800–1:1 with high nitrogen content (5.02 %) shows good electrical conductivity and a large specific surface area (1130 m2 g−1). These characteristics bring about an impressive electrochemical performance (334.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 75.6 % retention at 20 A g−1). Moreover, when assembled into symmetrical device, the RNGN800–1:1 demonstrates a high power density of 9.4 kW kg−1and an excellent energy density of 15.2 Wh kg−1 with outstanding long-term cyclability (remains 94.77 % after 25000 cycles). This study introduces a straightforward and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon/graphene nanosheets from sustainable biomass resources. The resulting material is expected to have broad applications across various areas, including adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage.

High-performance NF-loaded F-NiFe-LDH/rGO nanoflower/nanosheet composite electrode material achieving enhanced specific capacitance and energy density for supercapacitor

High-performance nanostructured F-NiFe-LDH/rGO composite electrode materials with F-NiFe-LDH nanoflowers and rGO nanosheets are synthesized in a controlled hydrothermal method by leveraging the strong synergistic effects between the components, enabling the construction of F-NiFe-LDH/rGO//AC asymmetric supercapacitors. The incorporation of rGO significantly enhances electron transport, resulting in an exceptional specific capacitance of 2860 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, with a remarkable capacity retention of 102 % after 1000 cycles. This represents a notable improvement in electrochemical energy storage, with surface-controlled capacitance contributing more in alkaline electrolytes for F-NiFe-LDH/rGO composite compared to F-NiFe-LDH alone. The asymmetric supercapacitor device exhibits a specific capacitance of 354 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, maintaining 92.31 % of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A g−1, and achieves an impressive energy density of 110 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1. The innovation of this work lies in the controllable preparation of nanostructured F-NiFe-LDH-rGO supercapacitor electrode material with enhanced specific capacitance and energy density by the synergistic effect between F-NiFe-LDH and rGO. This work offers a solid foundation for creating high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials and devices for energy storage applications.