Electrochemical Treatment Process Research Articles

Biocathode-Anode Cascade System in PRB: Efficient Degradation of p-Chloronitrobenzene in Groundwater

The consistent presence of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) in groundwater has raised concerns regarding its potential harm. In this study, we developed a biocathode-anode cascade system in a permeable reactive barrier (BACP), integrating biological electrochemical system (BES) with permeable reactive barrier (PRB), to address the degradation of p-CNB in the groundwater. BACP efficiently accelerated the formation of biofilms on both the anode and cathode using the polar periodical reversal method, proving more conducive to biofilm development. Notably, BACP demonstrated a remarkable p-CNB removal efficiency of 94.76% and a dechlorination efficiency of 64.22% under a voltage of 0.5 V, surpassing the results achieved through traditional electrochemical and biological treatment processes. Cyclic voltammetric results highlighted the primary contributing factor as the synergistic effect between the bioanode and biocathode. It is speculated that this system primarily relies on bioelectrocatalytic reduction as the predominant process for p-CNB removal, followed by subsequent dechlorination. Furthermore, electrochemical and microbiological tests demonstrated that BACP exhibited optimal electron transfer efficiency and selective microbial enrichment ability under a voltage of 0.3-0.5 V. Additionally, we investigated the operational strategy for initiating BACP in engineering applications. The results showed that directly introducing BACP technology effectively enhanced microbial film formation and pollutant removal performance.

Deciding on the priority of process parameters using the analytical hierarchy process in electrochemical wastewater treatment and investigation of paint wastewater treatability

In planning electrochemical treatment processes, it is thought that decision-making tools should be used in the selection of the main parameters that are likely to affect pollutant removal. According to detailed research in the literature, no previous study has systematically prioritized process parameters in electrochemical wastewater treatment using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). In this study, published articles in the literature on the subject were used to determine which parameters were used in the treatment processes and with what frequency. Using the obtained results, the priorities of the process parameters were estimated with the help of AHP within the scope of the removal efficiencies and treatment cost criteria. According to the AHP analysis results, it was determined that the most effective parameters for both electrocoagulation and electrooxidation processes were pH (0.241), current density (0.171), voltage (0.171), conductivity (0.107), concentration (0.105) and reaction time (0.094). Four of the independent parameters were selected and treatability studies were carried out using both electrocoagulation (with Al electrode pair and Fe electrode pair) and electro oxidation (with Graphite electrode pair and Ti electrode pair) methods for different levels of each parameter. The pH, current density, voltage, and reaction time were chosen as independent parameters based on decision making process. Unit costs for removal of chemical oxygen demand with Al, Fe, graphite, and Ti electrodes were obtained as 1.05, 2.56, 0.074, and 14 USD per m3 wastewater, respectively. Unit costs for removal of color with Al, Fe, graphite, and Ti electrodes were obtained as 0.68, 1.20, 0.074, and 14 USD per m3 of wastewater, respectively. In addition, nine batch kinetic studies were conducted for optimum conditions obtained from pre-treatment studies with Al and Fe electrodes. Removal of chemical oxygen demand was achieved at 64 % with aluminum and iron electrodes at 40 and 70 min, respectively. The results obtained from kinetic studies showed that adsorption of organic substances fit the 2nd-order kinetic model and the correlation coefficient was 0.95 and 0.96 for aluminum and iron electrodes, respectively.

A review study of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment process from concrete

A review study of the electrochemical chloride extraction treatment process from concrete

Metal–Organic Framework Fe-BTC as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Electro-Fenton Treatment of Tetracycline

This study explores the use of the iron-containing metal–organic framework (MOF), Basolite®F300, as a heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemically-driven Fenton processes. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown promise on the abatement of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Tetracyclines (TC) are a frequently used class of antibiotics that are now polluting surface water and groundwater sources worldwide. Acknowledging the fast capability of EAOPs to treat persistent pharmaceutical pollutants, we propose an electrochemical Fenton treatment process that is catalyzed by the use of a commercially available MOF material to degrade TC. The efficiency of H2O2 generation in the IrO2/carbon felt setup is highlighted. However, electrochemical oxidation with H2O2 production (ECO-H2O2) alone is not enough to achieve complete TC removal, attributed to the formation of weak oxidant species. Incorporating Basolite®F300 in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process results in complete TC removal within 40 min, showcasing its efficacy. Additionally, this study explores the effect of varying MOF concentrations, indicating optimal removal rates at 100 mg L−1 due to a balance of kinetics and limitation of active sites of the catalysts. Furthermore, the impact of the applied current on TC removal is investigated, revealing a proportional relationship between current and removal rates. The analysis of energy efficiency emphasizes 50 mA as the optimal current, however, balancing removal efficiency with electrical energy consumption. This work highlights the potential of Basolite®F300 as an effective catalyst in the HEF process for pollutant abatement, providing valuable insights into optimizing electrified water treatment applications with MOF nanomaterials to treat organic pollutants.

Superior decomposition of xenobiotic RB5 dye using three-dimensional electrochemical treatment: Response surface methodology modelling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning-based optimisation approaches

The highly efficient electrochemical treatment technology for dye-polluted wastewater is one of hot research topics in industrial wastewater treatment. This study reported a three-dimensional electrochemical treatment process integrating graphite intercalation compound (GIC) adsorption, direct anodic oxidation, and ·OH oxidation for decolourising Reactive Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solutions. The electrochemical process was optimised using the novel progressive central composite design–response surface methodology (CCD–NPRSM), hybrid artificial neural network–extreme gradient boosting (hybrid ANN–XGBoost), and classification and regression trees (CART). CCD–NPRSM and hybrid ANN–XGBoost were employed to minimise errors in evaluating the electrochemical process involving three manipulated operational parameters: current density, electrolysis (treatment) time, and initial dye concentration. The optimised decolourisation efficiencies were 99.30%, 96.63%, and 99.14% for CCD–NPRSM, hybrid ANN–XGBoost, and CART, respectively, compared to the 98.46% RB5 removal rate observed experimentally under optimum conditions: approximately 20 mA/cm2 of current density, 20 min of electrolysis time, and 65 mg/L of RB5. The optimised mineralisation efficiencies ranged between 89% and 92% for different models based on total organic carbon (TOC). Experimental studies confirmed that the predictive efficiency of optimised models ranked in the descending order of hybrid ANN–XGBoost, CCD–NPRSM, and CART. Model validation using analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that hybrid ANN–XGBoost had a mean squared error (MSE) and a coefficient of determination (R2) of approximately 0.014 and 0.998, respectively, for the RB5 removal efficiency, outperforming CCD–NPRSM with MSE and R2 of 0.518 and 0.998, respectively. Overall, the hybrid ANN–XGBoost approach is the most feasible technique for assessing the electrochemical treatment efficiency in RB5 dye wastewater decolourisation.

Influence of electrochemical descaling treatment in simulated cooling water on the corrosion behavior of stainless steel

The electrochemical descaling treatment of circulating cooling water can effectively reduce the content of scaling ions, chloride ions and produce strong oxidizing substances with bactericidal properties in the water, which is beneficial for operation at high concentration ratio (N) of circulating water, meets the goal of clean production and has a good prospect. However, changes in ion concentration and type in water can have an impact on the corrosion behavior of metals. Currently, there is limited understanding of the impact of electrochemical treatment on the corrosion behavior of stainless steel, a commonly used material in cooling water systems, which increases the application risk of this technology. In this study, the effects of electrochemical treatment of simulated cooling water on the corrosion behavior and the passive film properties of Type 304 stainless steel with different N values were investigated by analysis of water composition, polarization curve and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the pitting potential of stainless steel decreased with the raise of N in untreated simulated water, while the pitting potential increased with the raise of N in electrochemically treated simulated water, and the highest pitting potential was observed when N was 10. The electrochemical treatment effectively reduced the Cl− content in the simulated water. With the increase of N, the concentration ratio of [Cl−]/[SO42−] decreased, and the content of ClO− generated by Cl− oxidation in the water increased, which affected the corrosion behavior of stainless steel. Appropriate concentrations of the ClO− can effectively inhibit pitting corrosion of the stainless steel in simulated water, and the best inhibitory effect observed when ClO− concentration was 50 mg⋅L−1. The inhibition of pitting corrosion by ClO− was attributed to the effective improvement of the Cr/Fe ratio and the oxides/hydroxides ratio in the passive film on the surface of stainless steel, thus the compactness and the protection performance of the passive film was enhanced. The results can provide reference for the design of electrochemical treatment devices and processes.

Electrochemical reclamation of oil sands process water: Two and three-dimensional electrode configuration systems structured with different anode materials

Several studies have indicated the potential of the electrochemical advanced oxidation process in oil sands process water (OSPW) reclamation; however, the variations in different electrode configuration systems and anode materials remain elusive. This study assembled a two-dimensional electrode system (2-DES) and a packed bed electrode reactor (PBER) for OSPW reclamation, of which boron-doped diamond (BDD) (non-active anode), dimensionally stable anodes (DSA-RuO2 and DSA-IrO2) and graphite (active anodes) were selected as the anode materials, while in PBER, spherical activated carbon (SAC) was added as the third electrode. Within the 2-DES, BDD achieved over 60% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to its excellent •OH generation ability, while DSAs generated the most active chlorine and were quickly consumed by organic matter during the first 30 minutes. However, mass transfer limitation restricted the 2-DES treatment efficiency regardless of the anode materials employed, particularly resulting in limited removal of naphthenic acids (NAs). Compared to 2-DES, PBER significantly improved the OSPW treatment under identical electrolysis conditions, achieving over 91% COD and 99% NAs removal using DSA-IrO2 + SAC. Because of the contribution of the third electrode in PBER, the performance differences between various anode materials were less substantial than in the case of 2-DES. Packed SAC enhanced the mass transfer performance and generation of radical oxidants during OSPW electrolysis, improving the OSPW electrochemical treatment process. Additionally, SAC adsorbed most free chlorine from the liquid phase, avoiding the formation of halogenated organic compounds in reclaimed OSPW.

On the thermodynamic properties of hydrolysed urine: Experimental data, predictive and correlative models for the design of concentrative urine treatment technologies

Source-separated urine contains the potential for water, nutrient and energy recovery. During the recovery of such resources, urine treatment technologies undergo temporal changes in the thermodynamic properties of urine. To inform the design of thermal, membrane and electrochemical urine treatment processes, this study experimentally measured and modelled the thermophysical properties of synthetic hydrolysed urine (vapour pressure, osmotic pressure, density, and electrical conductivity) across temperature and concentration profiles using two approaches: predictive thermodynamic equations based on an ionic speciation model and correlative modelling. The vapour pressure and osmotic pressure were accurately predicted to 14 wt% for the predictive model, within an error of 0.30% and 0.46%, respectively, while the correlative model based on the experimental data from this study demonstrated an error of <1% for both parameters across the whole range of salt concentrations and temperatures (4.5 to 32.2 wt%; 333 to 373 K). The predictive and correlative models for density and electrical conductivity showed adequate agreement with the experimental data, where error did not exceed 2.12% and 1.2%, respectively, across the entire range of concentrations and temperatures.The value of the models for the development of sustainable urine treatment technologies was demonstrated by their application to determine the optimum heating surface area of a urine evaporator and the energy requirements of a reverse osmosis process.

A Review of Electrochemical Treatment Processes of Leachate Membrane Concentrate

A Review of Electrochemical Treatment Processes of Leachate Membrane Concentrate

Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

Electrochemical Deposition of Copper on Bioactive Porous Titanium Dioxide Layer: Antibacterial and Pro-Osteogenic Activities.

Ti surfaces must exhibit antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity to promote bone reconstruction and prevent infection simultaneously. In this study, we employed a two-step electrochemical treatment process, namely, microarc oxidation (MAO) and cathodic electrochemical deposition (CED), to modify Ti surfaces. During the MAO step, a porous TiO2 (pTiO2) layer with a surface roughness of approximately 2.0 μm was generated on the Ti surface, and in the CED step, Cu was deposited onto the pTiO2 layer on the Ti surface, forming Cu@pTiO2. Cu@pTiO2 exhibited a similar structure, adhesion strength, and crystal phase to pTiO2. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of Cu in Cu@pTiO2 at an approximate concentration of 1.0 atom %. Cu@pTiO2 demonstrated a sustained release of Cu ions for a minimum of 28 days in a simulated in vivo environment. In vitro experiments revealed that Cu@pTiO2 effectively eradicated approximately 99% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and inhibited biofilm formation, in contrast to the Ti and pTiO2 surfaces. Moreover, Cu@pTiO2 supported the proliferation of osteoblast-like cells at a rate comparable to that observed on the Ti and pTiO2 surfaces. Similar to pTiO2, Cu@pTiO2 promoted the calcification of osteoblast-like cells compared with Ti. In summary, we successfully conferred antibacterial and pro-osteogenic activities to Ti surfaces without inducing cytotoxic effects or structural and mechanical alterations in pTiO2 through the application of MAO and CED processes. Moreover, we found that the pTiO2 layer promoted bacterial growth and biofilm formation more effectively than the Ti surface, highlighting the potential drawbacks of rough and porous surfaces. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the surface design of Ti-based medical devices for bone reconstruction and infection prevention.

Selective Separation between Ammonium and Potassium in a Membrane-Separated Magnesium-Based Electrochemical Process

Increasing trends in global food and water demands alongside growing environmental concerns press the need for developing new wastewater management strategies. Modern wastewater treatment facilities should provide nutrient recovery and recycling, localized production capabilities, and low energy consumption. Magnesium-based electrochemical wastewater treatment processes are one technology option with the potential to address these needs by providing opportunities for simultaneous recovery of valuable resources from waste streams. In this system, phosphate and ammonium coprecipitate with the magnesium released from the sacrificial anode, producing struvite, NH4MgPO4, as a fertilizer. This technology also eliminates the disadvantages of the commonly used chemical precipitation method of struvite recovery, including magnesium salt dosing, and adding base to the system for pH control, due to in situ magnesium corrosion and hydroxide production at the magnesium anode surface.In this presentation, we specifically focus on a membrane-separated electrochemical process with a solid magnesium electrode. A complex synthetic water matrix including key ions such as ammonium, potassium, and phosphorus with other background salts was made for the anodic chamber to simulate animal liquid manures. Sodium sulfate solution was used as the supporting electrolyte on the cathodic chamber. Two different cation exchange membranes (CEMs) were placed between the two compartments to separate the anolyte from the catholyte. All experiments were conducted under OCV (no external energy input), and ion concentrations in each chamber were tracked over time using ion chromatography to perform kinetic study. The produced precipitates from each experiment are collected and have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to identify the morphology and purity of the produced solid precipitates. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) were used to exactly identify the nature of the precipitates. Experimental results indicate that magnesium electrode corrosion under OCV in the anolyte will decrease ammonium separation through the CEM to the catholyte compared to potassium.

Decolorization, COD and turbidity removal of the raw vinasse effluent by a one-step electro-oxidation process on a Pb/PbO2 anode.

In this research, and for the first time, the application of anode Pb/PbO2 (prepared from combined thermal oxidation and electrochemical oxidation method) and steel cathode in a flow sample electrochemical treatment process of vinasse and in the wastewater of alcohol factories, has been investigated. The combination of electrodes of Pb/PbO2 as an anode, steel, and/or graphite as a cathode was used in the proposed electrochemical treatment setup. The efficiency of the proposed electrochemical treatment was determined by the removal percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and color of vinasse samples. The response surface method (RSM) by Minitab 18 was used to determine the effect of the studied factors as well as to detect the relationship between variables. The results showed that under optimum conditions (Pb/PbO2 electrode as the anode and steel electrode as the cathode, a voltage of 30 V, pH 6.5, and reaction time of 45 min), the percentage reduction values of COD, turbidity and color were 97.7, 77.3 and 92.7%, respectively.

Removal of Organic Micro-Pollutants from Wastewater in Electrochemical Processes—Review

The aim of the paper is to present information from the literature concerning the course of electrochemical wastewater treatment processes in regard to organic micro-pollutant removal. Most often, in order to remove xenobiotics that are difficult to degrade biochemically, advanced oxidation processes and photochemical processes with or without catalysts are used. The efficiency of these processes can be supported by the flow of electric current through the solution being purified in a special system. This paper presents the theoretical foundations of processes such as electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and advanced chemical and photochemical oxidation supported by electric power. Among the processes where the Fenton’s reagent is the oxidant, the electro-Fenton and photo-electro-Fenton processes are also described. This information is supplemented with examples of the use of these processes for removal/degradation of selected organic compounds such as pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic ingredients, and other organic xenobiotics from wastewater.

Exploring the Potential and Challenges of Electrochemical Processes for Sustainable Waste Water Remediation and Treatment

Emerging as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sound approach, electrochemical treatment methods hold significant promise for sustainable remediation and wastewater treatment. This review elucidates recent progress in electrochemical techniques used for site decontamination and wastewater management. It elucidates the fundamental electrochemical processes, detailing the principles of electrocoagulation, electroflocculation, electrochemical membranes, electrochemical oxidation (EO), and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The broad applicability of these methods for contaminant removal, inclusive of heavy metals, organic pollutants, complex organic compounds, and suspended particulate matter, is underscored. Notwithstanding, the adoption of these techniques encounters notable challenges. These involve the heterogeneity of soil conditions, the presence of intricate contaminant mixtures, and the risk of electrode fouling and degradation. Suggestions for overcoming such challenges include refining the comprehension of electrochemical treatment processes in field-scale applications, investigating innovative electrode materials, and developing advanced modeling and simulation tools. This review offers a robust overview of electrochemical treatment strategies for sustainable wastewater management and can guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers towards the successful adoption and implementation of these techniques to meet environmental challenges and foster sustainable water management.

Construction of MXene/Ti membrane electrode with Ti3C2TX via electrophoretic deposition for high-efficient electrochemical degradation of antibiotic wastewater

The introduction of antibiotics into the environment leads to serious environmental problems and public health concerns. Along these lines, in this work, a facile strategy to fabricate the MXene/Ti membrane was developed by loading 2D ultrathin Ti3C2Tx nanosheets on the porous Ti membrane through electrophoretic deposition, which was used as anode material for the degradation of the tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) wastewater in the electrocatalytic membrane reactor (ECMR). From the acquired degradation results, it was demonstrated that the removal efficiency of TCH and total organic carbon (TOC) was nearly 100 % and 90.4 % with the obtained MXene/Ti anode in the ECMR, respectively, under a temperature value of 20 °C, a current density of 0.8 mA cm−2, a residence time of 10 min, an electrolyte Na2SO4 concentration of 15 g L−1, a TCH concentration of 50 mg L−1, and a pH of 7.0 reaction conditions. These values were much higher than that of pristine Ti membrane anode and other reported electrochemical treatment processes, such as electrocatalysis, photo-electrocatalysis process etc. The excellent stability of the MXene/Ti anode was also demonstrated by performing 15 cycles test. The superior removal efficiency of TCH and the mineralization ability of antibiotics could be ascribed to the formation of 2D nanocomposites of Ti3C2Tx and TiO2. Our work paves the way for the utilization of MXene/Ti membrane electrodes and ECMR for the efficient removal of antibiotics from wastewater.

Nutrients in a circular economy: Role of urine separation and treatment

The increasing global population, over the last few decades, brought about the rise in synthetic fertiliser market prices along with explosive agricultural demand. Source separation of urine can be one of the most effective solutions for nutrient recovery as a fertiliser, transforming the conventional linear economy into a circular economy. The urine diversion from wastewater can improve conventional wastewater treatment plants to be energy-efficient and cost-effective, as a considerable quantity of nutrients in wastewater is derived from urine. The stabilisation and sanitisation of source separated urine have been studied earlier by applying physical, biological, chemical, and electrochemical treatment processes. Further processes such as evaporation, freeze-thawing, and membrane processes have been investigated to recover as well as concentrate nutrients as a urine-derived fertiliser. As such, this review discusses the urine diversion and collection systems as well as previous technologies for the urine treatment and nutrient recovery. In addition, the industrial research hub funded by Australian Research Council (ARC) which focuses on the Nutrients in a Circular Economy (NiCE) is introduced in this paper. The ARC NiCE hub aims to achieve four themes, including urine collection, processing, fertiliser optimisation, and fertiliser end-use, moving towards a closed circular nutrient economy.

Basket anode filled with CaCO3 particles: A membrane-free electrochemical system for boosting phosphate recovery and product purity

Phosphorus (P) is often regarded as the primary stimulant for eutrophication, while its importance as a crucial life element is also well acknowledged. Given its future scarcity, P recycling from waste streams is suggested and practiced. Electrochemically mediated precipitation (EMP) is a robust and chemical-free process for P removal and recovery, yet it requires further developments. The first generation of the CaCO3-packed electrochemical precipitation column successfully solved the problem of H+-OH− recombination, achieving enhanced P removal efficiency with less energy consumption but suffering from low Ca-phosphate purity in recovered products. Herein, a new concept of a basket-anode electrochemical system is proposed and validated to prevent direct H+-OH− recombination and enhance product purity. The CaCO3 pellets packed basket anode alleviates the OH− depletion by CaCO3-H+ interaction and provides extra Ca2+ for enhanced P removal. The novel structure of the basket anode, by its derived acidic anode region and alkaline cathode region, completely avoids the precipitation of Ca-phosphate on the packed CaCO3 and greatly facilitates the collection of high-quality Ca-phosphate product. Our results suggest that almost 100% of the removed P was in high-purity, highly crystalline Ca-phosphate on the cathode. The recovered products contained significantly more P (13.5 wt%) than in the previous study (0.1 wt%) at similar energy consumptions (29.8 kWh/kg P). The applied current density, pellets size, and influent P concentration were critical for P removal performance, product purity, and power consumption. We further demonstrated the long-term stability of this novel system and its technical and economic feasibility in treating real stored urine. Our study provides new cell architectural designs to enhance the performance of EMP systems and may inspire innovations and developments in other electrochemical water treatment processes.

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment for the Electrochemical Oxidation Wastewater Treatment Process: From Laboratory to Industrial Scale.

Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising technology for water purification, but indirect environmental burdens may arise in association with consumption of materials and energy during electrode preparation and process operation. This study evaluated the life cycle environmental impacts of emerging EO technology from laboratory scale to industrial scale using prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) on a quantitative basis. Environmental impacts of EO technology were assessed at laboratory scale by comparing three representative anode materials (SnO2, PbO2, and boron-doped diamond) and other two typical processes (adsorption and Fenton method), which verified the competitiveness of the EO process and identified the key factors to environmental hotspots. Thereafter, LCA of scale-up EO was performed to offer guidance for practical application, and the life cycle inventory was compiled upon thermodynamic and kinetic simulations, empirical calculation rules, and similar technical information. Results demonstrated EO to be effective for destructing recalcitrant organic pollutants, but visible direct benefits might be outweighed by increased indirect environmental burdens associated with the preparation of anode materials, use of electrolytes, and energy consumption during the operation stage at both laboratory scale and larger scale. This necessitated attention to overall life cycle profiles by taking into account reactor design, anode materials, electrolyte and flow pattern, and decentralized location with a large share of renewable power station and rigorous contamination control strategies for wastewater treatment plants.

Treatment of wastewater from the washing process of a municipal solid waste collection container by electrochemical treatment using different anode materials: a statistical optimization.

An underground municipal solid waste (MSW) container should be washed periodically to prevent/reduce odor and leachate production. In this study, the treatment process of wastewater derived from the washing process of an MSW container was investigated using the electrochemical (EC) treatment process with different anode materials (Fe, TiO2, and graphite). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as initial pH, applied current, and reaction time on chemical oxygen demand (COD), Tannin/Lignin, and color removals. According to the results obtained from the RSM models, all process parameters were significant. The optimum process parameters in terms of COD removal were derived from the models for each anode material. Under the optimized conditions, the COD removals were determined to be 93.25%, 75.95%, and 98.46% for Fe-Fe, TiO2-Fe, and graphite-Fe electrode pairs, respectively. The color and Tannin/Lignin removals were determined as 98.12% and 77.78% for the Fe-Fe, 92.76% and 98.45% for the TiO2-Fe and 94.50% and 79.56% for the graphite-Fe electrode pair, respectively. The specific energy consumption (SEC) values were found as 46.95, 300.02, and 32.95 kWh/m3 for each electrode combination given above, respectively. In terms of both removal efficiencies and SEC, the most effective anode material was determined as graphite, followed by iron.