Electrochemical Tests Research Articles

Effects of interlayer-modified layered double hydroxides with organic corrosion inhibiting ions on the properties of cement-based materials and reinforcement corrosion in chloride environment

Developing novel, environmentally friendly, and efficient corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for improving the durability of marine concrete against chloride ion erosion. This paper aims to explore the potential of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as nanocontainers, incorporating organic corrosion inhibitors between LDHs layers to synergistically enhance their effectiveness. In this study, Mg/Al-pAB-LDH was synthesized through the interlayer modification of LDHs with an organic corrosion inhibitor, p-aminobenzoic acid (pAB), employing a calcination-rehydration method. Chloride ion (Cl−) adsorption behavior was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed and the effect on mortar properties was investigated. The corrosion resistance of steel bars in the mortar was assessed under chloride salt simulated concrete pore solution (SCPs) and chloride salt wet-dry cycles via electrochemical tests and microscopic characterization of Mg/Al-pAB-LDH. The results demonstrate that Mg/Al-pAB-LDH efficiently captures Cl− and releases corrosion-inhibiting ions pAB, with the adsorption process conforming to pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Mg/Al-pAB-LDH enhances the pore structure of mortar, effectively improving mechanical properties and resistance to chloride ion penetration, with the optimal effect observed at a 4 % addition rate. Mg/Al-pAB-LDH demonstrates outstanding corrosion resistance to steel bars in both SCPs and mortar. In SCPs, it serves as a corrosion inhibitor by adsorbing Cl− and releasing pAB, whereas in mortar, it functions as a corrosion inhibitor by enhancing the physical barrier effect of mortar, adsorbing Cl−, and releasing pAB. This study demonstrates the promising potential of utilizing Mg/Al-pAB-LDH as a novel corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosion of steel bars in marine concrete.

Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Tribomechanical Characteristics of Powder Coatings via the Integration of Functionalized HF‐Free MXene Reinforcements

AbstractMXene, a new generation of 2D materials, is gaining attention for anti‐corrosion applications due to its large surface area, electrical conductivity, and self‐healing properties. Its low shear strength and self‐lubricating properties enhance wear resistance. Herein, silane functionalized HF‐Free MXene nanosheets “MS‐f_Ti3C2 and MS‐f_Ti3C2@Zn” synthesized through the molten salt method are integrated into the environmentally sustainable powder coating. The electrochemical tests indicate that a powder coating containing a well‐dispersed 1.5 wt.% f_Ti3C2@Zn nanosheets exhibit the highest polarization resistance (1.1 × 106 Ω cm2), lowest Icorr (2.15 × 10−8 A cm−2) and superior anti‐corrosion performance after 42 days of immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The polarization resistance (Rp) and corrosion current (Icorr) of the untreated coating are measured to be 1.6 × 103 Ω cm2 and 1.6 × 10−5A cm−2, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of MXene material reduces crack development and spalling, and enhances wear resistance during the friction process. The loading of 1.5 wt.% f_Ti3C2@Zn reduces the coefficient of friction (COF) and improves wear rate by 45% and 51%, respectively Analysis of composites via nanoindentation reveals such enhanced mechanical properties. This study presents an effective and sustainable approach to improve the mechanical, tribological, and long‐term corrosion protection of organic coating, thereby exhibiting great potential for using HF‐Free MXene as a multipurpose additive.

The influence of amino anchoring position on SnO2/biochar for electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH

Biochar derived from biomass resources as a carrier to load SnO2 for electroreduction of CO2 not only can benefit carbon emissions, but it also can achieve waste utilization. However, the weak CO2 mass transfer and conductivity ability of SnO2/biochar limits its applications to such eCO2RR processes. This study focused on modifying SnO2/biochar with amino groups and investigated the effects of positioning of amino groups on the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic behaviors. Elemental analysis revealed that anchoring amino groups on biochar (SnO2/C-NHx) is advantageous for increasing amounts of amino groups attached, thereby enhancing biochar adsorption energy and subsequently increasing the loading of Sn. The CO2 adsorption curve indicated that amino groups anchored on biochar facilitate CO2 adsorption due to high specific surface area of biochar. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that amino groups anchored on SnO2 (NHx-SnO2/C) resulted in highly electron-rich centers on Sn, which promoted electron transfer between the catalyst and CO2. Electrochemical tests demonstrated the improved performance of amino-modified SnO2/biochar. SnO2/C-NHx exhibited enhanced Faraday efficiency, whereas NHx-SnO2/C showed higher current density. The disparity in electrochemical performance can be mainly attributed to the different selectivity towards rate-controlling steps of electron transfer and mass transfer induced by the various positions of amino groups anchoring.

An epitope imprinted electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive and selective determination of prostate-specific antigen.

Asimple method forhighly selective and sensitive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection using a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor ispresented. The sensor was developed through an epitope imprinted strategy combined with electrochemical measurement techniques. An epitope molecularly imprinted polymer (EMIP) film was constructed on a AuNPs-coated gold electrode surface through electropolymerization, utilizing the C-terminus epitope of PSA (KWIKDTIVANP) as the template molecular and o-phenylenediamine as the functional monomer. The characteristics of EMIP film were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope and electrochemical test methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Key parameters such as electropolymerization cycles, elution and rebinding times, and the molar ratio of template molecular to functional monomer were systematically optimized. The sensor demonstrated a detection limit (LOD) of 0.31 fg/mL and exhibited an excellent linear response towards PSA concentration ranging from 1.0 fg/mL to 0.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, the EMIP sensor showed excellent selectivity against other biological macromolecules, such as bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. With recoveriesbetween 95.89 and 106.04% for PSA detection in human serums theEMIP/AuNPs/AuE electrochemical sensor showed great potential in real sample analysis.

Mechanistic and DFT studies on the degradation of metronidazole by cerium oxide-loaded iron-cobalt layered double hydroxide-activated calcium sulfite

In this study, Co3Fe-LDHs loaded with CeO2 were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the synthesized Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2 exhibited excellent surface properties and structural stability. Moreover, Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2 was first applied to activate CaSO3 for metronidazole (MNZ) degradation. The effects of the catalyst preparation ratio, initial pH, and coexisting substances in the system on MNZ degradation were investigated. At an initial pH of 7.0, when 0.2 g/L Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2 and 2 mM CaSO3 were combined, 99 % of the MNZ at a concentration of 20 mg/L was eliminated in 60 min. The experimental results revealed the rapid activation of CaSO3 on the catalyst surface, where Ce plays a key role in the redox cycle between Co and Fe atoms. The loading of CeO2 enhanced the catalytic performance of Co3Fe-LDHs, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The loading of Ce promoted the chemisorption of CaSO3 on the surface of Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2, leading to the transfer of 1.48 electrons from sulfite to Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2. These findings were consistent with the results of the electrochemical tests. SO4•- and •OH were identified as the primary active substances through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and chemical probe experiments, accounting for 60.73 % and 32.81 %, respectively. By combining LC–MS and DFT calculations, three potential degradation pathways of MNZ were identified, with the intermediates found to be either nontoxic or have low toxicity. Even after being recycled five times, MNZ still showed 88 % degradation, demonstrating its exceptional reusability. Co3Fe-LDHs@CeO2 shows great potential for practical use in treating antibiotic wastewater due to its outstanding catalytic properties, anti-interference ability, reusability, and stability.

Designing nano-heterostructured nickel doped tin sulfide/tin oxide as binder free electrode material for supercapattery

New generation of electrochemical energy storage devices (EESD) such as supercapattery is being intensively studied as it merges the ideal energy density of batteries and optimal power density of supercapacitors in a single device. A multitude of parameters such as the method of electrodes preparation can affect the performance of supercapattery. In this research, nickel doped tin sulfide /tin oxide (SnS@Ni/SnO2) heterostructures were grown directly on the Ni foam and subjected to different calcination temperatures to study their effect on formation, properties, and electrochemical performance through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and electrochemical tests. The optimized SnS@Ni/SnO2 electrode achieved a maximum specific capacity of 319 C g− 1 while activated carbon based capacitive electrode exhibited maximum specific capacitance of 381.19 Fg− 1. Besides, capacitive electrodes for the supercapattery were optimized by incorporating different conductive materials such as acetylene black (AB), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (GR). Assembling these optimized electrodes with the aid of charge balancing equation, the assembled supercapattery was able to achieve outstanding maximum energy density and power density of 36.04 Wh kg− 1 and 12.48 kW kg− 1 with capacity retention of 91% over 4,000 charge/discharge cycles.

Assessing the Corrosive Effects of Unmelted Particles in Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V: A Study in Simulated Body Fluid

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of Grade 23 Ti6Al4V alloys produced through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) when exposed to simulated body fluid at room temperature, focusing on the role of unmelted particles. This research aims to understand how these microstructural features, resulting from the additive manufacturing process, influence the corrosion resistance of the alloys. It was observed that unmelted particles serve as critical sites for initiating localized corrosion, including pitting, which significantly compromises the material’s overall durability. Electrochemical testing and detailed surface analysis revealed that these particles, alongside other defects such as voids, exacerbate the susceptibility to corrosion in biomedical environments where high material reliability is paramount. Weight loss measurements conducted over exposure periods of 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h demonstrated a progressive increase in corrosion, correlating with the presence of unmelted particles. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing L-PBF processing parameters to minimize the formation of unmelted particles, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance and extending the operational lifespan of Ti6Al4V implants in biomedical applications.

Effects of PEO and BN-PVD coatings on the wear, corrosion, and surface properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy

This study investigates the effects of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) and subsequent Boron Nitride (BN) coatings applied via Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) on the wear, corrosion, and surface properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The AZ31 alloy samples were first coated using the PEO process, forming a ceramic-like layer that enhances surface properties. However, inherent microcracks and pores in PEO coatings can compromise corrosion resistance. To mitigate these issues, a BN layer was applied over the some of PEO coating using RF-PVD, significantly improving wear resistance, corrosion protection, and surface integrity. The coatings were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical testing. The results indicate that the PEO-BN coatings provide the highest wear resistance, lowest friction coefficient, and most effective barrier against corrosion among the samples tested. These findings highlight the potential of PEO-BN coatings to enhance the durability and performance of magnesium alloys, making them suitable for demanding applications.

Investigating the effectiveness of graphene oxide and hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride to improve the coating corrosion resistance from electrochemistry and simulation perspectives

The performance of GO and hydroxylated BN in improving the corrosion resistance of a water-borne epoxy coating was comparatively investigated to evaluate the relative excellence of two nanofillers. Electrochemical tests indicated that GO outperformed hydroxylated BN. The corrosion current density was further decreased to 3.48 × 10−6 A/cm2 and polarization resistance was increased to 8.67 × 104 Ω·cm2. The electrochemical reactivity was also most significantly decreased with incorporating GO. Without changing the coating structure, the superior performance of GO was attributed to its exceptional ability to capture water molecules as revealed by simulation results. The mass transfer process of water molecules within coatings was inhibited and the redox reactions during corrosion process were thereby effectively controlled.

Two-dimensional Boridene Nanosheets for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation under Ambient Conditions.

The carbon-free electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an alternative technology to the current Haber-Bosch method, that can be conducted under ambient conditions, and directly converting water and nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃). However, the limited activity and selectivity of NH₃ electrosynthesis hinder the practical applications of NRR. In this study, we present a novel type of electrocatalyst called boridene nanosheets enriched with metal vacancies that are specifically designed for efficient electrocatalytic NRR under ambient conditions. Electrochemical testing in a 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte demonstrates that boridene exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency of 66.7% for NH₃ production at -0.2 V vs. RHE, with a maximum NH₃ yield rate of 23.6 µg h-1 mg cat-1 at -0.4 V vs. RHE. Durability tests show that boridene maintains significant stability throughout multiple cycles of NRR. Mechanistic insights are obtained through in situ FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that boridene exhibits a preference for the distal pathway during the process of NRR. These findings highlight the potential of boridene as an efficient and stable catalyst for sustainable NH₃ synthesis.

Genome engineering of materials based on Ce doping, high-performance electromagnetic wave absorber for marine environment

Traditional microwave absorbing materials (MAM) are difficult to meet the current increasingly complex electromagnetic environment, MAM began to functionally integrated development to meet the needs of diversified applications. For the high humidity and high salt spray environment of the ocean, the development of electromagnetic absorber integrating microwave absorption (MA) and corrosion protection functions is imminent. In this work, high-quality genes were screened through materials genome engineering, and in-situ doping strategies of Ce gene were designed to synergistically enhance MA properties using composition modulation and structure modulation, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of composite material WC@FCC1 can reach 5.62 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.66 mm. Thanks to the unique 4f orbital mechanism of Ce element, CeO2 is endowed with excellent redox property, forming an oxide protective film on the surface, which prevents the entry of external corrosive media. The excellent corrosion protection performance of the composite material has been verified through electrochemical testing and molecular dynamics simulation. This work provides new design ideas for high-performance MAM, as well as new strategies and insights for functionally integrated electromagnetic absorber.

Sensitive detection of persulfate by a novel self-powered electrochemical sensor with carbon cloth electrodes modified with tin-doped cobalt tetroxide.

The accurate and rapid detection of persulfate concentration is important for environmental decontamination and human health protection. In this work, a novel self-powered electrochemical sensor for the sensitive monitoring of persulfate was developed, which utilized cobalt tetroxide (Co3O4@CC) or tin-doped cobalt tetroxide (SnxCo3-xO4@CC) cathode as the sensing element and anode with electrogenic microorganisms as the power supplier. The Co3O4@CC and SnxCo3-xO4@CC electrodes were fabricated by in situ growing nanostructured Co3O4 or SnxCo3-xO4 catalysts on carbon cloth. Electrochemical tests revealed that these electrodes exhibited excellent catalytic reduction performance toward persulfate because of the synergistic catalysis by Co3O4 and electrode electrons, well-exposed Co2+/Co3+ catalytic sites, and high electron transfer efficiency. Tin doping could enhance the catalytic persulfate reduction by improving the conductivity and electron transfer of the Co3O4 catalyst. The electrode prepared at a hydrothermal temperature of 90°C and a tin dosage of 0.286g·cm-2 achieved the highest persulfate reduction activity under pH 7. The sensing properties of the self-powered sensors toward persulfate were explored in detail. Results showed that under the optimal external load of 300 Ω, the proposed sensor could display a broad detection range of 0 to 1500μmol L-1 K2S2O8 with sensitivities of 1.13 and 0.12 μA μmol-1 L, a detection limit of 1.11μmol L-1 (S/N = 3), and a fast response time within 30s. The sensors also presented satisfactory reproducibility and selectivity during the detection of persulfate. The proposed sensor will provide a new approach for sensitive, on-site, and real-time monitoring of persulfate for a wide range of applications.

Preparation of rGO/CAU-10 anchored PdPbBi composites and their electrocatalytic ethylene glycol properties

An effective method to improve the catalytic performance of electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation by establishing strong interfacial interactions through novel carrier materials and polymetallic alloys. In this paper, novel polyhedral metal–organic framework Al-based [Al(OH)(mBDC)] (CAU-10) composites with PdPbBi trimetallic particles embedded in folded graphene oxide (rGO) modified by a simple hydrothermal reaction were prepared and applied to the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of ethylene glycol. The results of electrochemical tests showed that the trimetallic catalysts exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity compared to commercial Pd/C. In particular, PdPbBi@rGO/CAU-10 has the highest peak current density of 241.82 mA cm−2, which is 8.97 times higher than that of Pd/C (26.92 mA cm−2), and the largest electrochemical active area (ECSA) value of 88.12 mA cm−2, which is 2.40 times higher than that of Pd/C (36.75 mA cm−2). This outstanding electrocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the polyhedral structure of CAU-10 composite carriers and the abundance of oxygen-containing atoms, which is conducive to the homogeneous loading of metals, at the same time, the strong electronic effect between Pd, Pb and Bi and the abundance of oxygen-containing species provide significant enhancement of electrocatalytic activity and stability, which provides an important reference for the development of electrocatalysts for ethylene glycol fuel cells.

Regulating Composition and Structure of Coal-based Graphene and Its Electrochemical Characteristics

Abstract Coal, a carbon-rich mineral with plentiful reserves, serves not only as a fuel but also as a raw material, presenting lower pollution emissions in the latter use. From a materials chemistry standpoint, coal is a viable raw material for graphene production. This study develops a promising and sustainable method to convert coal into graphene, leveraging its unique macromolecular aromatic structure and high carbon content. The investigation includes an analysis of the lateral size, morphology, and chemical composition of coal-derived graphene using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. Results confirm that coal can effectively replace natural graphite flakes in graphene production, with the derived graphene featuring 3-6 exfoliated layers and an oxygen content below 5.5%. While the graphene from coal shares a similar morphology to that derived from graphite, it exhibits more structural defects. Interestingly, the macroscopic size of the coal does not influence the microscopic composition and structure of the graphene. However, the thermal reduction method for oxidized graphene proves more effective at repairing structural defects than chemical reduction. Employing coal-derived graphene as a supercapacitor electrode demonstrates excellent cycling stability and ultra-high capacitance storage capacity. The H-CG-325 shows the highest discharge area-specific capacitance across various current densities. At an increased current density of 10 A/g, the H-CG-325 maintains 80.6% of its initial capacitance of 79 F/g observed at 1 A/g. Electrochemical tests reveal that coal-based graphene holds significant potential as a supercapacitor material, indicating promising applications in energy storage and conversion.

Enhancing corrosion resistance of lightweight metal alloys through laser shock peening

In this study, we investigated the effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on the corrosion resistance of lightweight metal alloys, specifically AA6061 and AZ31. LSP was performed underwater, using a nanosecond pulse laser and without using a protective coating or layer on the workpiece. The corrosion behaviors of these alloys were analyzed through electrochemical tests, including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results demonstrated that LSP significantly improved the polarization resistance, and higher laser power intensities led to increased corrosion resistance and reduced corrosion rates. This enhancement in anti-corrosion performance is attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer on the surface, acting as a barrier against corrosion. The findings underscore the potential of laser surface treatment as a viable technique for enhancing the corrosion resistance of lightweight metal alloys.

Electrochemical, gravimetric and surface studies of Phalaris canariensis oil extract as corrosion inhibitor for 316 L type stainless steel in H2O-LiCl mixtures

The corrosion inhibition action of Phalaris canariensis extract on 316 L stainless steel in the H2O-35 (wt%) LiCl mixture at different temperatures has been evaluated with the aid of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. These studies were complemented by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, gas/mass chromatography analytical techniques and detailed scanning electronic microscopy studies. Results have indicated that Phalaris canariensis extract is an efficient inhibitor, with an efficiency that increases with its concentration, but it decreases as the temperature increases. Phalaris canariensis extract is physically adsorbed onto stainless steel according to a Temkin type of adsorption isotherm. Phalaris canariensis extract affected both anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions with a stronger effect on the anodic ones, acting, thus, as a mixed type of inhibitor. Main compounds contained in the Phalaris canariensis extract were palmitic and oleic acids, responsible for its inhibitory properties.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF 316 STAINLESS STEEL AND Ti6Al4V ALLOY IN SIMULATED SEAWATER

This work presents a systematic investigation of the corrosion behavior of two materials, 316 stainless steel (316), and Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti6Al4V), in simulated seawater (3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution). This includes electrochemical tests, immersion experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The polarization curves demonstrate that passivation occurs in both alloys. The lower self-corrosion and passivation current densities of Ti6Al4V indicate that its corrosion resistance is superior to that of 316. However, the impedance spectrum of the 316 shows a larger capacitive arc radius, which is indicative of the presence of a more robust passivation film on its surface. The results of the immersion experiments demonstrate that 316 exhibits a high-corrosion rate under static conditions, which can be attributed to the instability of the passivation film and environmental factors. However, under dynamic conditions, the corrosion rate is lower due to the effect of scouring. In contrast, Ti6Al4V demonstrated superior corrosion resistance in a variety of environmental conditions. In the context of simulated seawater, both 316 and Ti6Al4V exhibited varying degrees of corrosion behavior. Consequently, when selecting corrosion-resistant materials, it is imperative to select suitable materials according to the specific use environment and requirements.

Influences of Sr(OH)2 on the Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Micro‐Arc Oxidation Coatings Formed on TC4 Titanium Alloy

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the comprehensive properties of TC4 titanium alloy, micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coating is prepared on the surface of a TC4 substrate in a basic electrolyte with varying concentrations of Sr(OH)2. The surface morphology, phase composition, element distribution, and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, an energy‐dispersive spectrometer, the electrochemical test, and the erosion–corrosion test. The results show that the voltage of the MAO process increases and then decreases; the surface morphology and density of the coatings are greatly improved after doping Sr(OH)2. When the concentration of Sr(OH)2 is 0.6 g L−1, the thickness, hardness, and adhesion strength of the coating reach the maximum values of 37.04 μm, 836.2 HV, and 21.8 N, respectively. At this time, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance are the best, and the friction coefficient and the corrosion rate are the lowest: 0.3352 and 1.04 × 10−10 mm a−1, respectively.

Study on superhydrophobicity and corrosion resistance of the micro-nano structure prepared by femtosecond laser

The wettability as well as the corrosion resistance of metal is closely related to the surface microstructure. A surface structure with micro protrusion and nano ripple was designed and constructed on 316L stainless steel by femtosecond pulse laser. Superhydrophobic surfaces with a great contact angle over 150° were obtained by surface modifications of heat treatment or fluorination treatment. The corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic micro-nano structured surfaces was studied through electrochemical testing. The result of polarization curve revealed that the superhydrophobic micro-nano structured surfaces possessed a higher corrosion potential, signifying the susceptibility to corrosion was reduced. Besides, the results of impedance indicated that the superhydrophobic micro-nano structured surfaces exhibited greater total resistance when compared to the original surface, demonstrating the corrosion resistance was enhanced. According to the results, the superhydrophobic surface, characterized by its micro-nanostructure, facilitates the formation of a protective gas film. Additionally, the intricate micro-nano rough structure, in conjunction with the gas film, effectively shields the underlying surface from infiltrative processes, thereby mitigating the potential exacerbation of corrosion phenomena.

Synergistic inhibition effect of diolefinic dye and silver nanoparticles for carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution

The current work looks at the inhibitory effects of a diolefinic dye, namely 1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) vinyl) benzene iodide salt, in relation to CS corrosion mitigation in hydrochloric acid (HCl) environment. This study uses a variety of experimental methodologies, including weight loss (WL) analysis, electrochemical tests, and theoretical considerations. The synergistic effect of diolefinic dye and AgNPs on the corrosion inhibition of CS in 1 M HCl was investigated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) displays a notable enhancement as the concentration of the dye is elevated and as the temperature raises the IE increases. The diolefinic dye exhibited % IE of 83% even at low concentration (1 × 10–4 M) whereas 90% in the presence of (2.26 × 10–10) AgNPs. Tafel graphs demonstrate that the dye follows a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of the dye on CS surface follows Langmuir model. Moreover, the influence of temperature and the activation parameters disclose that diolefinic dye is chemisorbed on the CS surface. The synergistic coefficient of the diolefinic dye and AgNPs under various concentration conditions was greater than unity. The surface morphology of CS sheets was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide theoretical support for the inhibitory effects of the examined dye. Notably, there is a high agreement between the findings of practical studies and theoretical expectations.