Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Research Articles

Electropolymerized Melamine on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide: Growth Mechanistics, Electrode Processing, and Amperometric Sensing of Acyclovir.

Metal-free, cost-efficient, redox-active electrode materials, combining graphene derivatives with nitrogen-rich polymelamine (PM), are widely explored as an interface layer for electrocatalysis and an electrochemical sensor platform. However, conventional chemical routes often yield derivatives of PM suffering from impaired redox behavior, restricting their electron-transfer kinetics. Herein, an optimal potentiodynamic method has been established to electrodeposit PM on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO). A supporting electrolyte, containing Cl-, enhances the formation of intermediates NH3+ and ═NH2+ at the monomeric melamine, eventually interacting with the residual oxygenated functional groups of ErGO to form PM. In situ Raman spectrum analysis revealed the influence of the defective area and the graphitization ratio on the ErGO surface during the course of electropolymerization of melamine. Under optimal electrodeposition conditions (E = 0-1.6 V; ν = 0.1 V/s), the amount of electrodeposited PM on the ErGO surface was determined to be 16.5 μg/(cycle·cm2), using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance analysis. An ErGO-PM-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a screen-printed electrode exhibit the direct electrooxidation of acyclovir (ACV). Amperometric analyses of ErGO-PM-modified electrodes exhibited the lowest detection limit of 137.4 pM with analytical robustness, rapid steady state, and reproducibility promising for ACV detection in complex biological matrices.

An electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polydopamine coated on reduced graphene oxide for selective detection of ornidazole

AbstractThe electrochemical sensing of ornidazole (OR) was achieved with a highly selective sensor fabricated by a combination of an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and molecularly imprinted polydopamine (PDA). The sensor (OR‐imp@PDA/ERGO/GCE) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of dopamine (DA) on ERGO modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analytical response of the sensor changed linearly with OR concentration varying from 1.5 × 10−9 M to 1.0 × 10−8 M and 1.0 × 10−8 M to 2.0 × 10−7 M, and the detection limit was defined as 1.1 × 10−9 M. The proposed sensor ensured the highly sensitive detection of OR concentration because of the advantages of ERGO and molecularly imprinted PDA.

ALP-Based Biosensors Employing Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanomaterials for Pesticides Detection.

Due to the growing presence of pesticides in the environment and in food, the concern of their impact on human health is increasing. Therefore, the development of fast and reliable detection methods is needed. Enzymatic inhibition-based biosensors represent a good alternative for replacing the more complicated and time-consuming traditional methods (chromatography, spectrophotometry, etc.). This paper describes the development of an electrochemical biosensor exploiting alkaline phosphatase as the biological recognition element and a chemically modified glassy carbon electrode as the transducer. The biosensor was prepared modifying the GCE surface by a mixture of Multi-Walled-Carbon-Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Electrochemically-Reduced-Graphene-Oxide (ERGO) followed by the immobilization of the enzyme by cross-linking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The inhibition of the biosensor response caused by pesticides was established using 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid as the enzymatic substrate, whose dephosphorylation reaction produces ascorbic acid (AA). The MWCNTs/ERGO mixture shows a synergic effect in terms of increased sensitivity and decreased overpotential for AA oxidation. The response of the biosensor to the herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy-acetic-acid was evaluated and resulted in the concentration range 0.04-24 nM, with a limit of the detection of 16 pM. The determination of other pesticides was also achieved. The re-usability of the electrode was demonstrated by performing a washing procedure.

Selective electrochemical detection of fangchinoline at ErGO-modified glassy carbon electrode

A sensitive electrochemical sensor composed of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed to detect fangchinoline (FAN) selectively. The electrochemical behavior of FAN at the ErGO/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The electroanalytical method for FAN detection was established using linear sweep voltammetry. Under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit of 17 nM (S/N = 3) and a linear calibration range of 0.05 to 10 μM were obtained. The reproducibility and repeatability of the method were calculated to be 2.6 % and 4.7 %, respectively. The sensor showed good stability during seven weeks and good selectivity for FAN. It was successfully applied to detect FAN in urine and serum with a good recovery from 97.3 % to 109 % with tetrandrine (TET) and 93.0 % to 106 % without TET.

Development of stripping voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemical reduced graphene oxide for the determination of amaranth in soft drink and candy samples

In this study, the manufacturing conditions of glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (ErGO/GCE) were elucidated to determine amaranth in soft drink and candy samples by adsorptive stripping voltammatry. The ErGO/GCE was fabricated through an electrochemical reduction process of graphene oxide in the potential range from 0 V to −1.5 V using cyclic voltammetry method. Characteristics of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were studied by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM. Amaranth is adsorbed on the ErGO/GCE working electrode surface through an irreversible oxidation process. The optimal conditions used to determine amaranth are Britton-Robinson buffer solution of pH 3.0, an adsorption potential at 0 V, an adsorption time of 30 s, at a scan rate of 20 mV/s, a linearity range from 1.0 × 10−7 mol. L−1 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol. L−1, a (LOD) detection limit of 2.8 × 10−8 mol. L−1 and a (LOQ) qualification limit of 9.3 × 10−8 mol. L−1. The proposed method can be applied to determine amaranth dye in food.

Development of Polydiphenylamine@Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode for the D-Penicillamine Sensor from Human Blood Serum Samples Using Amperometry.

D-penicillamine (PA) is a sulfur group-containing drug prescribed for various health issues, but overdoses have adverse effects. Therefore, regular, selective, and sensitive sensing is essential to reduce the need for further treatment. In this study, diphenylamine (DPA) was electropolymerized in an aqueous acidic medium. The PA detection sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection were enhanced by electropolymerizing DPA on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)/glassy carbon (GC) surface. The formation of p-DPA and ERGO was investigated using various techniques. The as-prepared p-DPA@ERGO/GC revealed the excellent redox-active (N-C to N=C) sites of p-DPA. The p-DPA@ERGO/GC electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical sensing ability towards PA determination because of the presence of the -NH-functional moiety and effective interactions with the -SH group of PA. The p-DPA@ERGO/GC exhibited a high surface coverage of 9.23 × 10-12 mol cm-2. The polymer-modified p-DPA@ERGO/GC electrode revealed the amperometric determination of PA concentration from the 1.4 to 541 μM wide range and the detection limit of 0.10 μM. The real-time feasibility of the developed p-DPA@ERGO/GC electrode was tested with a realistic PA finding in human blood serum samples and yielded a good recovery of 97.5-101.0%, confirming the potential suitability in bio-clinical applications.

Electrochemical Sensors Based on a Composite of Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and PEDOT:PSS for Hydrazine Detection.

In this study, hydrazine sensors were developed from a composite of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The structural properties, electrochemical characterization, and surface morphologies of this hydrazine sensor were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the proposed hydrazine sensor also demonstrates good electrochemical and analytical performance when investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry techniques under optimal parameters. Using these investigated parameters, DPV and amperometry were chosen as techniques for hydrazine measurements and showed a linear range of concentration in the range of 0.2-100 μM. The obtained limits of detection and limits of quantitation for hydrazine measurements were 0.01 and 0.03 μM, respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor demonstrated good reproducibility and stability in hydrazine measurements in eight consecutive days. This fabricated hydrazine sensor also exhibited good selectivity against interference from Mg2+, K+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+, NO2 -, CH3COO-, SO4 2-, Cl-, ascorbic acid, chlorophenol, and triclosan and combined interferences, as well as it depicted %RSD values of less than 5%. In conclusion, this proposed sensor based on GCE modified with ErGO/PEDOT:PSS displays exceptional electrochemical performance for use in hydrazine measurements and have the potential to be employed in practical applications.

Graphene memristors based on humidity-mediated reduction of graphene oxide

Humidity-mediated electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide yields memristors with controllable and highly stable resistance states that can be used in multibit memory applications. The obtained kinetic, enables a predictive resistance setting.

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)-Cu bilayer structure fabricated at room temperature for future interconnects.

Copper is an important interconnect material in integrated circuits (IC) due to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties. However, the development of the IC industry requires novel interconnect materials with higher conductivity. Here, uniform graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on copper by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to obtain a GO-Cu bilayer structure at room temperature. (3-Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS) is self-assembled on the Cu anode surface, which protects the anode from oxidation during the EPD process. We find that the in situ hydrolysis of methoxy under the promotion of EPD voltage can facilitate the uniform deposition of GO and enhance the interface bonding force. In order to achieve better electrical performance, different reduction methods are conducted to reduce the structural disorder of GO. ERGO-Cu reduced by the electrochemical reduction method at -0.75 V for 1 min shows the lowest square resistance with a 16% resistance decrease compared with the GO-Cu structure and a 4.5% decrease compared with Cu substrate, due to the proper adjustment of the GO crystal structure. The room temperature fabricated ERGO-Cu bilayer structure provides a possibility for future interconnects with improved conductivity.

Optimized Reduction of a Graphene Oxide‐MWCNT Composite with Electrochemically Deposited Copper Nanoparticles on Screen Printed Electrodes for a Wide Range of Detection of Nitrate

AbstractIn this report, we demonstrate the capability of electrochemically deposited copper (Cu) nanoparticles on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composite on screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for electrochemical detection of nitrate. Prior to the detection, extensive fundamental investigations on the electrochemical reduction of GO on SPCE and role of MWCNT in the reduction process and the degree of reduction have been carried out which has not been previously reported. Profiting from the complementary information obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), the role of MWCNT and optimal number of scans in CV (15 scans) for the reduction was obtained. The determination of nitrate on Cu/ERGO‐MWCNT/SPCE was performed by square wave voltammetry and shows a wide linear range from 10 to 750 μM and low limit of detection of 3.3 μM, thereby enhancing the applicability of the developed electrode in the regions of low and high concentrations as well. The electrode was tested in tap water and the analytical capability was compared using F‐test and matrix effect (4.8 %), which highlights excellent analytical ability of the Cu/ERGO‐MWCNT modified electrodes to detect nitrate.

Poly(caffeic acid) Redox Couple Decorated on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrocatalytic Sensing Free Chlorine in Drinking Water

Regular water quality measurements are essential to the public water supply. Moreover, selective free chlorine (disinfectant) level monitoring without an interfering agent is necessary. The present work aimed to fabricate poly(caffeic acid) (p-CFA) coated on an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) surface for the selective detection of free chlorine. Electron microscopy and various spectroscopic techniques confirmed the p-CFA@ERGO/glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC coated probe surface coverage was calculated to be 4.75 × 10-11 mol cm-2. The p-CFA@ERGO/GC showed superior catechol/o-quinone oxidation/reduction peaks for electrocatalytic free chlorine determination. The performance of the developed sensor electrode was outstanding, with an extensive range of free chlorine detection (20 μM to 20 mM), high sensitivity (0.0361 µA µM-1), and low detection limit (0.03 µM). The p-CFA@ERGO/GC capability of the realist water samples, such as the tested commercial and tap water, yielded a good range of recovery (from 98.5% to 99.9%). These values align with the standard N,N'-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine reagent method results.

Au nanopartics decorated urchin-like Bi2S3 on graphene wrapped carbon fiber microelectrode: Towards electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive determination of aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxin in food is a significant concern that threatens human health and life and causes a heavy burden on international trade and healthcare. In this work, we developed a new type of label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the high-sensitivity determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) based on Au nanoparticles decorated urchin-like Bi2S3 (Au/Bi2S3) anchored on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified carbon fiber (CF) microelectrode (Au/Bi2S3/ERGO/CF). The morphology and characterization of the modified microelectrode were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimum conditions, the label-free electrochemical immunosensor detected AFB1 within the linear range of 10 pg mL−1 to 20 ng mL−1, with a low detection limit of 8 pg mL−1 and high sensitivity (0.48 μA/ng mL). The immunosensor showed high selectivity, good reproducibility, and acceptable stability. The immunosensor was applied to detecting AFB1 in cornflour samples, offering excellent reliability and accuracy compared with typical detection methods. Finally, this platform provides a superior prospect for the development of a nanohybrid immunosensor.

Reduced Graphene Oxide and Poly (phenylalanine) Composite Modified Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Vanillin

In this study, a simple, low cost and stable electrochemical sensor for vanillin is reported based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with poly (phenylalanine) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) composite (poly (phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE). The surface structure of the bare and modified electrodes was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of vanillin at phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE) was also studied by CV. Poly (phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE) exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of vanillin due to the synergetic effects of poly (phenylalanine) and ERGO. From linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrode reaction of vanillin is adsorption-controlled process. Furthermore, several electrochemical parameters such as number of electrons transferred (n = 2), number of protons transferred (H+ = 2), electron transfer coefficient (α = 0.66) and surface concentration of vanillin (Ґ = 0.32 nmol cm−2) were calculated. SWV was used for quantitative determination of vanillin at phenylalanine)/ERGO/GCE). Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current of vanillin increased linearly with its concentration in the range 0.25–120 μM with a low detection limit of 0.025 μM. The developed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of vanillin in food and soft drink samples.

Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Highly Sensitive Detection of Chlorpromazine in Human Whole Blood Based on the Silica Nanochannel Array Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

Rapid and highly sensitive quantitative analysis of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human whole blood is of great importance for human health. Herein, we utilize the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) as the electrode substrates for growth of highly electroactive and antifouling nanocomposite materials consisting of vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) nanosheets. The preparation of such VMSF/ErGO/SPCE could be performed by using an electrochemical method in a few seconds and the operation is controllable. Inner ErGO layer converted from graphene oxide (GO) in the growth process of VMSF provides oxygen-containing groups and two-dimensional π-conjugated planar structure for stable fabrication of outer VMSF layer. Owing to the π-π enrichment and excellent electrocatalytic abilities of ErGO, electrostatic preconcentration and antifouling capacities of VMSF, and inherent disposable and miniaturized properties of SPCE, the proposed VMSF/ErGO/SPCE sensor could be applied for quantitative determination of CPZ in human whole blood with high accuracy and sensitivity, good stability, and low sample consumption.

High-performance PbS/CdS quantum dot Co-sensitized hierarchical ZnO nanowall photoanodes decorated on electrochemically reduced graphene

In this study, we report the vertically aligned ZnO nanowalls (NWs) decorated electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) structures co-deposited directly on the FTO substrates by a simple and one-pot electrochemical technique. Then, these ERGO/ZnONWs were co-sensitized with a successive layer of PbS and CdS quantum dots (QDs) by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique for the fabrication of ERGO/ZnONWs/PbS/CdS photoelectrodes. The effect of the number of PbS and CdS SILAR cycles on the photocurrent response of ERGO/ZnONWs photoelectrodes was systematically investigated by varying the SILAR cycle number. The QDSSCs were fabricated by using the PbS, CdS and PbS/CdS QDs decorated ERGO/ZnONWs as photoelectrode, copper (I) sulfide (Cu2S) as the counter electrode, and polysulfide redox couple (S2−/Sx2−) as an electrolyte. Compared with ERGO/ZnONWs photoelectrode sensitized with single QDs (PbS or CdS), the PbS/CdS co-sensitized ERGO/ZnONWs photoelectrodes showed the best performance with efficiency (η) of 5.85%, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.65 V, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 23.01 mA.cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.39 under one sun illumination, which is relatively higher than other PbS/CdS co-sensitized ZnO based QDSSCs previously reported in the literature. In this cascaded FTO-ERGO/ZnONWs/PbS/CdS, CdS serves as a passivating layer to PbS and contributes light absorption and highly efficient injection of electrons from CdS to PbS and then to ZnO due to its higher CB band. The present study also highlights the potential of this novel ERGO/ZnONWs/PbS/CdS photoanode. It introduces simple, green, and economical electrochemical techniques for researchers interested in fabricating ERGO/ZnONWs for various applications.

Fabrication of a Disposable Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Nanochannel Array Modified Electrodes and Gated Electrochemical Signals for Sensitive Determination of C-Reactive Protein.

Sensitive determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) is of great significance because it is an early indicator of inflammation in cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction. A disposable electrode with an integrated three-electrode system (working, reference, and counter electrodes) has great potential in the detection of biomarkers. In this work, an electrochemical immunosensing platform was fabricated on disposable and integrated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) by introducing nanochannel arrays and gated electrochemical signals, which can achieve the sensitive detection of CRP in serum. To introduce active reactive groups for the fabrication of immuno-recognitive interface, vertically-ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film (VMSF) with rich amino groups (NH2-VMSF) was rapidly grown by electrochemical assisted self-assembly (EASA). The electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) synthesized in situ during the growth of NH2-VMSF was used as a conductive adhesive glue to achieve stable bonding of the nanochannel array (NH2-VMSF/ErGO/SPCE). After the amino group on the outer surface of NH2-VMSF reacted with bifunctional glutaraldehyde (GA/NH2-VMSF/ErGO/SPCE), the converted aldehyde surface was applied for covalent immobilization of the recognitive antibody (Ab) followed with the blocking of the non-specific sites. The fabricated immunosensor, Ab/GA/NH2-VMSF/ErGO/SPCE, enables sensitive detection of CRP in the range from 10 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with low limit of detection (LOD, 8 pg/mL, S/N = 3). The immunosensor possessed high selectivity and can realize reliable determination of CRP in human serum.

Nanostructured Lead Electrodes with Reduced Graphene Oxide for High-Performance Lead–Acid Batteries

Nanostructured Pb electrodes consisting of nanowire arrays were obtained by electrodeposition, to be used as negative electrodes for lead–acid batteries. Reduced graphene oxide was added to improve their performances. This was achieved via the electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide directly on the surface of nanowire arrays. The electrodes with and without reduced graphene oxide were tested in a 5 M sulfuric acid solution using a commercial pasted positive plate and an absorbed glass mat separator in a zero-gap configuration. The electrodes were tested in deep cycling conditions with a very low cut-off potential. Charge–discharge tests were performed at 5C. The electrode with reduced graphene oxide outperformed the electrode without reduced graphene oxide, as it was able to work with a very high utilization of active mass and efficiency. A specific capacity of 258 mAhg−1–very close to the theoretical one–was achieved, and the electrode lasted for more than 1000 cycles. On the other hand, the electrode without reduced graphene oxide achieved a capacity close to 230 mAhg−1, which corresponds to a 90% of utilization of active mass.

Antifouling electrochemical sensor-based on mesoporous silica film for imidacloprid detection in Traditional Chinese medicine

The performance of electrochemical sensors in complicated samples is confined by electrode fouling and the development of antifouling electrode interface is vital for improving their sensing performance. Herein, an efficient antifouling electrochemical sensor was constructed based on mesoporous silica film (MSF) coating modified graphene oxide/glass carbon electrode (GO/GCE). MSF coating was directly grown on GO/GCE by electroassisted self-assembly (EASA) method within a few seconds and GO was reduced to electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) simultaneously. Owing to the electrocatalytic activity of ErGO and electrostatic pre-enrichment of MSF toward imidacloprid (IMI), the as-obtained MSF/ErGO/GCE exhibits excellent response to IMI in two wide concentration ranges (1.0 μg mL-1 50 μg mL-1 50 μg mL-1–400 μg mL-1) with a low limit of detection of 0.3 μg mL-1(1.1 bvM)Furthermore, the antifouling electrochemical sensor possesses the capability of direct determination IMI in untreated carthamus tinctorius (a Traditional Chinese medicine, TCM).

Development of a Graphene-Oxide-Deposited Carbon Electrode for the Rapid and Low-Level Detection of Fentanyl and Derivatives.

The opioid overdose crisis in North America worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, with multiple jurisdictions reporting more deaths per day due to the fentanyl-contaminated drug supply than COVID-19. The rapid quantitative detection of fentanyl in the illicit opioid drug supply or in bodily fluids at biologically relevant concentrations (i.e., <80 nM) remains a significant challenge. Electroanalytical techniques are inexpensive and can be used to rapidly detect fentanyl, but detection limits need to be improved. Herein, we detail the development of an electrochemical-based fentanyl analytical detection strategy that used a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) via electrophoretic deposition. The resulting surface was further electrochemically reduced in the presence of fentanyl to enhance the sensitivity. Multiple ERGO thicknesses were prepared in order to prove the versatility and ability to fine-tune the layer to the desired response. Fentanyl was detected at <10 ppb (<30 nM) with a limit of detection of 2 ppb and a calibration curve that covered 4 orders of concentration (from 1 ppb to 10 ppm). This method was sensitive to fentanyl analogues such as carfentanil. Interference from the presence of 100-fold excess of other opioids (heroin, cocaine) or substances typically found in illicit drug samples (e.g. caffeine and sucrose) was not significant.

A slurry electrode based on reduced graphene oxide and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) for applications in microbial electrochemical technologies

• A slurry electrode was synthesised using reduced graphene oxide. • Electronic percolation was established at a particle loading of only 2% (wt.) • The slurry displayed shear thinning behaviour, which favours upscaling. • Fluidisation enabled 4.7x higher electro-catalytic current production with microbes. A reduced graphene oxide slurry electrode was prepared via electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide, using anionic surfactant poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) to stabilise the suspension. The slurry electrode was characterised for its electrochemical and rheological properties and tested for its application in a microbial electrochemical system under both static and fluidised conditions. Thanks to the high ratio of lateral dimension to thickness, reduced graphene oxide allowed electronic percolation at a particles loading of only 2% (wt.), which is significantly lower than typically applied with other graphitic materials such as activated carbon. The slurry displayed shear thinning behaviour, which is advantageous in real scale applications to guaranteeing homogeneity during fluidisation and to prevent sedimentation under static conditions. When tested under fluidised conditions in a microbial electrochemical device seeded with a mixed microbial consortium, the slurry enabled a 4.7x improvement of catalytic current production compared to static conditions. This approach may represent an important step toward increasing competitiveness and applicability of microbial electrochemical technologies.