Electrical Instrumentation Research Articles

Instrumentation reference book

Mechanical measurements measurement of temperature and chemical composition electrical and radiation measurements instrumentation systems further scientific and technical information commercial information.

Electrical resistance tomography for process applications

Measurement of electrical resistivity via four probes is widely used in a variety of applications ranging from geophysical prospecting to silicon wafer manufacture. Electrical resistivity tomography is an extension of this approach and is performed via an array of equi-spaced electrodes mounted into the periphery of a process vessel to map non-intrusively the spatial distribution of resistivities within. The digitized boundary data are `inverted' by an image reconstruction algorithm to produce a map of the internal resistivity distribution. This paper focuses on the design and operation of flexible electrical resistivity tomography instrumentation for use on laboratory- and plant-scale process equipment.

Construction and utilization of rock caverns in Singapore Part D: Two proposed cavern schemes

This paper considers cavern schemes for crude oil storage and warehouse-shelter facilities. The crude oil storage scheme, which consists of five caverns, provides a net storage capacity for crude oil of 800,000 m 3; the total cost for the facility, including civil construction, mechanical and electrical instrumentation, is in the order of S$80–100 million. The warehouse-shelter scheme consists of five storage caverns with combined storage capacity of 210,000 m 3, and a defence shelter with capacity of 2000 persons. The cost for the warehouse-shelter scheme is S$66 million, including all mechanical and electrical utilities, systems for ventilation, fire prevention and smoke extraction, and pump installations for discharging leakage water.

Factors associated with the performance of small firms - the case of electrical instrumentation

A well established tradition within research into medical problems is concerned with identifying relationships through large-scale empirical studies. The link between smoking and lung cancer, for instance, was established statistically before being provided with a physiological explanation. The health of companies is defined by their success and it is usual in the management literature to measure this by their performance, as reflected by their growth or profitability. Yet analogous studies of the factors associated with corporate performance are comparatively rare. This is understandable with respect to large firms, the complexity of which would make it difficult for a statistical methodology to identify the impact of individual influences on performance.

A brief historical review of non-anaesthetic causes of fires and explosions in the operating room

Fires and explosions have occurred in the operating theatre for many years. Flammable inhalation anaesthetic agents were responsible for many incidents in the past, but these are no longer available in many countries. Other causes of fires and explosions still exist in the operating theatre and, from time to time, result in serious and occasionally fatal injury. Flammable gastrointestinal gases have been the cause of injury to patients during gastric surgery, laparoscopy and during examination of the large bowel with electrical instrumentation. Gases formed in the bladder during urological procedures have ignited, causing rupture. Alcohol-based skin cleaning agents have resulted in severe burns to the skin. Equipment used for storage and delivery of oxygen to patients has caused fires in a variety of ways. Adhesive skin drapes have resulted recently in two tragic deaths. The increasing use of laser therapy, particularly in ear, nose and throat surgery, and in oral surgery, has brought about a renewed awareness of the risk of fire. The relevant factors which should be borne in mind and the precautions which should be adopted when laser therapy is to be used in the airway are discussed.

特集 電算機応用 都市ごみ焼却灰溶融システムにおけるＥＩＣ統合システム

Most municipal refuse is treated by incineration plants. As an environmentally-friendly approach, the ash melting plants which have been introduced in recent years will convert the ash to a pollution-free slag and reduce its volume.This paper describes the supervisory and control system.Its features include:(1) The practical application of the EIC (Electrical control, Instrumentation and Computer) integration system.(2) The user-friendly operation system and accurate process management.(3) Combining high powered computer controls with instrumentation.(4) Environmentally durable sensors.

Electrical measurement and instrumentation — Today and tomorrow

This review paper deals with the present status of electrical measurement and instrumentation and is concerned with the trends in this rapidly developing field. However, it is impossible to discuss in detail all development trends in electrical measurement and instrumentation. Thus, the paper concentrates on such characteristic trends as the increase of accuracy and stability of reference sources, application of digital instrumentation, microelectronics, computers and measurement systems. The influence of electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference and susceptibility will be discussed. The paper also briefly deals with the development of sensors and transducers. Finally a general remark is made on the application of more and more sophisticated measuring instrument and systems.

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

The next Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), will be held from 9 to 12 June 1992 at the Centre des Nouvelles Industries et Technologies (CNIT), La Défense, Paris, France.This conference, which is held every two years and whose importance and high level, confirmed by thirty years' experience, are recognized throughout the world, can be considered as a forum in which scientists, metrologists and professionals will have the opportunity to present and compare their research results on fundamental constants, standards and new techniques of precision measurement in the electromagnetic domain.TopicsThe following topics are regarded as the most appropriate for this conference: realization of units and fundamental constants d.c. a.c. and high voltage time and frequency radio-frequency and microwaves dielectrics, antennas, fields lasers, fibre optics advanced instrumentation, cryoelectronics.There will also be a session on international cooperation.Conference LanguageThe conference language will be English. No translation will be provided.OrganizersSociété des Electriciens et des Electroniciens (SEE). Bureau National de Métrologie (BNM)SponsorsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Instrumentation & Measurement Society Union Radio Scientifique Internationale United States National Institute of Standards and Technology Centre National d'Etudes des Télécommunications Mouvement Français pour la Qualité, Section Métrologie Comité National Français de Radioélectricité ScientifiqueContactJean Zara, CPEM 92 publicity, Bureau National de Métrologie, 22, rue Monge, 75005 Paris Tel.: (33) 1 46 34 48 16, Fax: (33) 1 46 34 48 63

Book Review: Basic Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation for Engineers, 3rd Ed.

Book Review: Basic Electrical Engineering and Instrumentation for Engineers, 3rd Ed.

Instrumentation Reference Book

Mechanical measurements measurement of temperature and chemical composition electrical and radiation measurements instrumentation systems further scientific and technical information commercial information.

Reduction of the dynamic response by aircraft crash on building structures

At a nuclear reactor plant, the vibration induced in building structures by impulse loads caused by impact of projectiles, heavy-weight drop accidents or plant-internal accidents, but especially by aircraft crash, can result in a considerable investment of hardware-related effort (particularly in connection with system and component design). The problems arising in this context concern not only measures needed to give additional strength to a structure at locations where components are to be installed (in order to ensure proper transmission of the accelerations and loads induced by such vibration as well as to guarantee the stability and structural integrity of the components themselves) but also primarily the necessity of performing comprehensive, functional analyses for the systems involved. This applies particularly to electrical components, instrumentation and control equipment. The functional capability of these systems usually has been examined for seismic loads and a frequency range of up to approximately 35 Hz, and not for the higher accelerations with a frequency range which are to be expected in the case of impact loads. Although it has, in the meantime, been possible by means of nonlinear analyses to verify (and to have this approved by the authorities) a considerable reduction in the level of acceleration at undisturbed regions of impact (spherical and cylindrical shells as well as flat plates). A reduction of this kind has not been possible in the case of rigid impact points or disturbed regions (edges, corners and interfaces with floors). Of the many concepts available for solving this problem, direct consideration of these effects in the design and dimensioning of these areas would currently appear to represent the more realistic and least expensive approach. In the course of related parametric studies, detailed nonlinear analyses aimed at obtaining optimum dimensions for such regions of local impact have been conducted for several solution concepts. Through the optimization of proposed design-related solutions as well as through the use of concrete possessing special properties (steel-fiber-reinforced concrete), a marked reduction in the induced load is expected to be achieved by means of large plastic capability and energy dissipation resulting therefrom. These two properties are governed by a series of characteristic parameters. The design concept and the prescribed material property requirements for the construction of those parts of a structure located in the region of impact as well as of the filling material constitute the parameters of greatest significance for the solution of these problems. The reduction expected to be achieved (through the above-mentioned design concepts) in the loading function as well as in the intensity of vibration at locations where components are installed is estimated to be in the order of about 50% (depending on the magnitude of the impact load and the mass of the structure).

A variable temperature test station for extraction of semiconductor device modeling parameters

The authors describe the equipment and software necessary to integrate a variable-temperature setup and an automated data-collection system to extract semiconductor device modeling parameters over a wide temperature range. A cryogenic test station with a temperature range of 1.8-300 K is used for semiconductor device evaluation, with the test structure mounted in an 8-pin, TO-99-style header. The system consists of a custom low-temperature apparatus and state-of-the-art electrical instrumentation under control of a minicomputer. An electromagnet suitable for Hall studies with a custom-designed 1.1-kW programmable power supply for automated control of the magnetic field completes the system. The cryogenic test station has been used to study the characteristics of n-channel Hall-effect MOSFETs from 1.8 K to room temperature. >

New technology for electrical metering monitoring and control instrumentation

Presently, individual instruments are available at reasonable costs for metering, monitoring and controlling the use of electrical energy. Many of these instruments have been developed in the last few years and make varying degrees of use of sophisticated electronic components and microprocessor chips. Performance data collected on the use of these instruments have shown that there are substantial energy and cost savings possible from widespread application of these devices. The purpose of this paper is to enumerate briefly some data on the costs and benefits of instruments which allow time of day and demand metering, monitoring of energy use and cost, direct load control and indirect load control. Finally, an integrated instrument is proposed which combines these varied functions into one low cost device to provides cost effective electrical energy conservation.

Laboratory Experiments Incorporating a Solid State Induction Heating Power Source

A laboratory-scale static inverter has been constructed and design details given. Experiments have been developed to demonstrate fundamental concepts in electrical instrumentation, circuit theory, and power electronics, but the unit can also illustrate induction heating and melting which are established industrial processes often neglected in engineering courses.

Flight mechanics, avionics and space

My brief is to talk about flight mechanics. But flight mechanics covers all aspects of flight, including aircraft performance, operation and integrity. To limit this talk, flight mechanics is restricted to those aspects of flight dynamics which are concerned with the controllability of aircraft. Even so, it is a wide topic essentially interdisciplinary, embracing inertia, aerodynamics, structural dynamics, engines, hydraulic and electrical systems, instrumentation and avionics. Furthermore, the term ‘aircraft’ needs to be interpreted in the broader sense of referring to aeroplanes, missiles and spacecraft. In the spirit of this meeting, we are looking at contributions from universities in the past and identifying current centres of activity.

Accidental venting of liquid ammonia. Proposed modifications to a high‐pressure ammonia storage terminal should reduce the relative risk of ammonia release by 99.9%. A detailed case history

Plant/Operations ProgressVolume 2, Issue 2 p. 131-136 Article Accidental venting of liquid ammonia. Proposed modifications to a high-pressure ammonia storage terminal should reduce the relative risk of ammonia release by 99.9%. A detailed case history John Prijatel, John Prijatel Cooperative Farm Chemicals Association, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 John Prijatel graduated from the University of Missouri at Rolla with a BSEE. Initially with the General Electric Co. and later with Monsanto, his primary interests lay in the area of electrical distribution, instrumentation and control. He joined Farmland Industries in 1975 and has subsequently expanded his area of interests to include process design and control of ammonia fertilizer plants and storage facilities.Search for more papers by this author John Prijatel, John Prijatel Cooperative Farm Chemicals Association, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 John Prijatel graduated from the University of Missouri at Rolla with a BSEE. Initially with the General Electric Co. and later with Monsanto, his primary interests lay in the area of electrical distribution, instrumentation and control. He joined Farmland Industries in 1975 and has subsequently expanded his area of interests to include process design and control of ammonia fertilizer plants and storage facilities.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720020216Citations: 2 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume2, Issue2April 1983Pages 131-136 RelatedInformation

Book Review: An Introduction to Electrical Instrumentation and Measurement Systems, 2nd Ed.

Book Review: An Introduction to Electrical Instrumentation and Measurement Systems, 2nd Ed.

The Early Uses of Electrical Instrumentation in the Chemical Industry

The Early Uses of Electrical Instrumentation in the Chemical Industry

Recent Progress in Cryoelectronics

Superconductivity has played a significant role in the advancement of electrical standards and measurement instrumentation. With the development of a superconducting integrated circuit technology for computer applications, new concepts and opportunities for advanced measurement systems are now emerging. In this paper we discuss some of these systems as well as the computer technology which has made them possible.

Design Concepts for Measurement and Control of EHV/MV Plant at Matla and Duvha Power Stations

The design philosophy based on operational requirements in the new large power stations of ESCOM is presented, with the emphasis on the EHV yard and the power station electrical control and instrumentation. Some special design criteria and ergonomic aspects are presented and the operating staff comments and suggestions for future designs given.