Techno-economic analysis with a dynamic optimization approach integrating electrical and chemical engineering: A case study for aviation decarbonization in Japan

The Effect of Software-Based Mind Map of Educational Design in Development of the Electrical Engineering Students' Learning Level

Recent Activities of History of Electrical Engineering Committee (HEE)

Integrating hands-on and simulation-based approaches for teaching electronic circuit design in measurement technology at the faculty of electrical engineering, department of measurement, CTU in Prague

The sixties (60s) and seventies (70s) of the last century have seen the takeoff of microelectronics. Since that, several countries, including Algeria, have adopted planned strategic programs to develop their domestic electronics. In this paper, we provide a historical review of the evolution of the electrical test benches developed at the Division of Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (DMN) of the “Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées” (CDTA) or Center for Development of the Advanced Technologies. Starting from mid- nineties to up today, the electrical characterization platform has known different generations of test benches; from a simple setup to extract current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of semiconductor devices to more sophisticated ones to extract spectra of electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). In addition, some benches have been developed to study reliability issue in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices and integrated circuits (ICs), such as ionizing radiation effects, Fowler-Nordheim (FN) stress, hot-carrier injection (HCI), time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), and bias temperature instability (BTI). The obtained results have been published in well-known journals of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the American Institute of Physics (AIP), and the Elsevier publishers.

Coastal erosion in Tra Vinh province and the Mekong Delta region is becoming increasingly severe due to various factors, among which hydrodynamic conditions (tides, waves, river, and sea currents) play a crucial role. This study utilizes the MIKE 21/3 Coupled Model FM to assess the effectiveness of two coastal protection scheme options for the coastal area of Hiep Thanh commune, Tra Vinh: reinforced concrete revetment (Option 1) and hybrid revetment (trees branch fences, geotube bags, and perforated breakwater – Option 2). The results indicate that Option 1 provides better protection for the existing shoreline. However, Option 2 demonstrates superior performance in wave attenuation and beach nourishment, with the ability to reduce wave height approaching the shore by up to 70%. Option 2 also contributes to erosion reduction and shoreline lowering during the Northeast monsoon season (high water levels and strong waves). This study provides a scientific basis for selecting a suitable coastal protection scheme for the Hiep Thanh commune and can serve as a reference for areas with similar natural conditions. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Radiofrequency (RF) exposure has been extensively studied for potential health risks. Unlike ionizing radiation, RF fields primarily cause thermal health effects, the only established mechanism of biological harm. Regulatory bodies, including the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), set limits to prevent excessive heating. This review examines the relationship between RF exposure, heat generation, and physiological responses, with relevance to civilian and military safety. A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory reports, and experimental studies was conducted using PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar and Scopus. Emphasis was placed on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and Cumulative Equivalent Minutes at 43 °C (CEM43). Studies on thermal effects and exposure scenarios were prioritized; speculative non-thermal mechanisms were excluded. Thermal effects depend on frequency, tissue composition, and environmental conditions. Whole-body SAR limits (≤4 W/kg) generally prevent core temperature increases, but localized heating remains a concern. CEM43 provides a temperature-based metric but is difficult to apply in transient exposures. Penetration depth across NATO frequency bands shows variability because of differences in tissue models and measurement methods. This variability is clinically relevant, as localized heating of the skin, eye, or superficial nerves may occur even when whole-body exposure is within limits. Current guidelines prevent systemic overheating but may not fully address localized risks. Combining SAR and CEM43 with refined penetration depth data could improve risk assessment. Future work should refine dose-response thresholds and methods for detecting and modeling localized heating, especially under military conditions where thermoregulation may be impaired.

Amidst the global drive toward carbon neutrality, the integration of large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) systems introduces significant challenges related to grid congestion. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are increasingly recognized as an effective solution for addressing these challenges and improving grid operations, especially under the management of grid operators. However, given the substantial investment and immobility of BESSs, determining their optimal placement and capacity while considering future PV‐deployment uncertainties is crucial. Moreover, selecting locations that satisfy grid constraints and offer multifunctional contributions is desirable. One promising approach is to select sites where the voltage impact of battery charging and discharging is minimal, which is expected to enhance BESS flexibility in output regulation. Therefore, this paper considers multiple PV‐deployment cases to simulate high PV penetration that induces grid congestion in distribution networks, and evaluates optimal BESS sites—selected from candidates satisfying operational constraints—based on voltage margins relative to the acceptable range. Additionally, the study examines the interplay between optimal BESS positioning, the distribution of load and PV systems, and overall power‐flow dynamics. Numerical simulations using a rural feeder model from CREST 126‐feeder model are used to quantitatively assess the impact of BESS sites on voltage margin while satisfying constrains. © 2025 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This study proposes a method for real‐time monitoring of muscle activity applied in posture recognition by detecting changes in surface muscle pressure (SMP), a specialized form of force myography (FMG) focused on air pressure differential transduction. A monitoring system mainly consists of a pressure cuff, a spherical airbag, and a micro air pressure differential sensor. First, a physical model of the monitoring device was constructed, and a corresponding physical device was made. The device was verified and calibrated by electromyography and using an electronic digital angle ruler. Then, a real‐time data acquisition system with multiple micro pressure differential sensors was designed and manufactured. This system was integrated with the monitoring device to form a complete pressure‐based FMG posture recognition system for achieving dual‐channel high‐precision real‐time monitoring of muscle activity. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were verified through human–machine interaction experiment. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

In the context of rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, as well as taking into account the current moral and physical deterioration of electrical equipment and the vulnerability of electric power systems around the world, the issue of ensuring diagnostics is becoming critically important. And not only identifying electrical equipment faults at the time of testing, but also predicting their occurrence based on a comprehensive analysis of a number of parameters. This scientific article discusses the use of modern methods of preliminary diagnostics and generating recommendations for further operation to increase reliability and reduce the cost of using experts in this field. The methodology proposed in this study prioritizes the issues of interpreting the results, in other words, the resulting system is capable of not only issuing a conclusion on the state of electrical equipment, but also a clear scientific justification for this conclusion. This approach increases the confidence of operating personnel in the system and significantly simplifies the implementation of such a system at real facilities. Study results demonstrate high accuracy and reliability of the system. This work can form the basis for further research in the field of electric power engineering and decision support systems.

The currently used data on the heat capacity of Bismuth were obtained in the 1980s. Different methods and different measuring equipment were used to obtain these data. The data on heat capacity published in different sources differ by a value greater than the permissible error of the measuring instruments and techniques used. There is no information in the available sources about the applied methods of registration of input data and statistical processing methods. It is impossible to assess the reliability of the Bismuth heat capacity measurements based on this situation. Bismuth in its pure form and in alloys is widely used in industry and engineering. The unreliability of its heat capacity leads to several problems. The fi rst is the lack of reference values for the specifi c heat capacity of Bismuth, which are necessary for the input control of materials in the electrical industry. The second is overestimation of tolerances during design calculations. The third is the reduction of the working ranges of alloys. The article presents the results of a study of the specifi c heat capacity of pure Bismuth in the period 2021–2025. The stability of reproducing the specifi c heat capacity of Bismuth during storage without special conditions and the possibility of using this material to control temperature scales and measuring instruments for thermal analysis are evaluated. The results obtained will be useful to metrologists and users of measuring instruments for complexthermal analysis, materials scientists investigating the thermophysical properties of semi-metals and layered structures, developers of the electrical and instrument engineering industry, technologists of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries

In Jordan, housing is one of the largest consumers of electricity due to total heating and cooling requirements. This research looks at how populated spaces impact energy consumption. The case study is mid-rise apartments, and it takes a cross-disciplinary approach by merging the fields of electrical engineering and architectural design. The study, through simulation and the national building code of Jordan, especially the 2018 building code and its code regarding urban density, considers the effect on energy consumption of increasing building height by adding floors in categories A, B, and C. The aim is to identify passive design. Such a goal, inspired by low energy building schemes, looks at how to reduce electricity demand without active systems. Key factors like the number of floors, building height, and shade coverage also matter. The simulations indicated that increasing the residential density to 6 floors, the mean values of the spent electricity per square meter of floor area decreased considerably. The averages were down 26% for category A, 28.6% for category B, and 28.3% for category C. Overall, these findings capture the essence of the strategic civil and architectural design needed to really understand the abstraction of energy demand and offer the basis for energy efficient construction to be adopted in Jordan, especially concerning the national electrical grid.

This research aims to assess the students’ obstacles in writing skills using interactive blogs. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The focus of the study involved 100 students who answered a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions on Google Forms. The questions were categorized into three groups: indicators of interactive blog use, benefits, and their influence on learning in the digital era. The data from the questionnaire revealed that 58% of students had a fairly effective understanding of blogs, 76% found blogs useful, and 89% found blogs effective and practical. The students showed enthusiasm for writing prompts because blog entries can include text, images, audio, video, and hyperlinks, enriching the content and providing supporting information. However, some disadvantages mentioned included difficulties in using blogs, the influence of online networking (internet usage), lack of peer comments, and the time-consuming nature of maintaining blogs. Another challenge in writing is the use of grammar, particularly tenses. The integration of blogs affects meaningful learning experiences by preparing students for effective written communication in a fast-paced world and improving their writing techniques. Nonetheless, interactive blogs proved to be more effective in enhancing students' writing skills.

This study develops and applies a high-fidelity MATLAB Simulink dynamic model to evaluate the integration of a 1000-MW(electric) pressurized water reactor (PWR) into Ghana’s power grid, addressing critical stability, frequency, and voltage performance indicators. Under rigorous scenarios, including ±150-MW load steps, a 100-ms three-phase fault, and a 200-MW Photovoltaic (PV) generation drop, the nuclear plant demonstrated robust contributions: frequency nadir stabilized at 49.15 Hz within 10 s, voltage recovered to nominal in 8 s after dipping to 0.62 pu, and rotor angle deviations remained within ±19 deg, preserving synchronism. The automatic voltage regulator system delivered over 320 maximum reactive power support during voltage sags, exceeding the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)1547.8 thresholds. These outcomes aligned with International Atomic Energy Agency SSG-34, IEEE C37.118, and Ghana’s 2023 Grid Code benchmarks, underscoring the readiness of Ghana’s grid infrastructure for nuclear deployment. Additionally, the findings recommend targeted grid code revisions to incorporate nuclear-specific inertia and fault ride-through provisions. This work offers a replicable framework for dynamic simulation-based planning, supporting informed licensing, resilient grid operations, and strategic investment decisions in Sub-Saharan Africa’s nuclear ambitions. The model’s validated metrics present a robust case for integrating nuclear into Ghana’s Integrated Resource and Resilience Plan (IRRP), advancing energy security and low-carbon development objectives.

This study examines the behavior and control of zero-sequence parameters in IT-type electrical networks under conditions of capacitive insulation asymmetry and complex asymmetric faults on the power receiver side. Existing methods of zero-sequence analysis typically address either symmetrical network conditions or single-phase earth faults in isolation, and they often neglect the combined effects of conductor breakage, transient fault resistance, and capacitive unbalance. To overcome these limitations, this work develops an analytical model based on the general theory of electrical engineering and symmetrical components, enabling a unified description of zero-sequence voltages and currents that incorporates both insulation asymmetry and compound fault scenarios. The model establishes closed-form relationships linking zero-sequence quantities to network parameters, power receiver characteristics, and transient resistances at the fault point. The results demonstrate several previously unreported effects, including a 180° vector shift and nearly 50% reduction in zero-sequence voltage and current magnitudes during simultaneous conductor breakage and earth faults compared with conventional single-phase faults—phenomena that critically influence the correct setting of protection devices. The study further shows that capacitive insulation asymmetry alone may generate zero-sequence voltages sufficient to trigger earth-fault protection regardless of the neutral grounding mode. These findings reveal increased risks of fault escalation, misoperation of existing protection systems, and prolonged unsafe touch voltages. Overall, the derived dependencies provide a new analytical basis for improving the design and coordination of protection systems in IT-type networks.

This research examines how female electrical engineers play a key leadership role in energy planning, particularly in the design and implementation of optimization strategies for demand management within Energy Communities in Colombia (Law 2294 of 2023). Their participation enables greater social articulation, improving decision-making processes that impact system efficiency and the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). Women electrical engineers have contributed to optimizing renewable system design by installing photovoltaic solar panels that supply power to defined loads, and by deploying static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) that enhance response speed, stabilize grid voltage, reduce power losses and harmonics, and increase both transmission capacity and transient voltage limits. These actions facilitate the planned development of inclusive energy projects that consider technical, social, environmental,organizational, and cost dimensions particularly in vulnerable and rural communities across Latin America and Colombia, where energy access has historically been limited. As a result, female engineers have promoted gender equity within energy projects, leading to the creation of training and capacity-building programs that empower local populations, especially women and youth. These programs teach the use and maintenance of renewable energy systems, strengthening community autonomy and technical self-sufficiency. This type oftechnical training enables energy communities to establish efficient strategies for interconnection planningwith the national grid, ensuring compliance with the Energy Transition Law 2099 of 2021 and CREG Resolution 174 of 2021, which regulates self-generation and distributed-generation activities. Energy communities canproduce their own electricity, reduce consumption, lower billing costs, and sell surplus energy back to the gridall supported by the technical guidance provided by women engineers leading these processes.

Third-semester electrical engineering students taking linear algebra had an average pretest of 54.2, indicating poor conceptual mastery of critical thinking skills (CTS). They struggled with variable analysis, mathematical inferences, and logical engineering problem solutions. This report suggests an innovative learning model that bridges mathematical theory and engineering applications. This study examines whether Problem-Based Learning (PBL) improves students' CTS and explains the qualitative mechanisms. This study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. To measure CTS pre- and post-test scores using Facione indicators (interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, and explanation), 42 electrical engineering students were tested. In the second stage (quantitative), the researchers explained the quantitative results through observation of the learning process, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate the CTS score increased 31.2% from 54.2 to 71.1. The paired t-test (T (41) = 8.72; p < 0.001) confirmed statistical significance, while the Cohen’s d Effect Size value of 1.39 indicated significant practical impact. 10 The Inference (44%) and Analysis (38%) indicators increased most. The qualitative results indicated that PBL forced students to think investigatively instead of procedurally. High group activity also improved students' explanation and evaluation skills (p = 0.006) by encouraging coherent arguments. With PBL, electrical engineering students' CTS, especially higher order thinking skills like analysis and inference, improved greatly. Positive group dynamics and changes in students' learning experiences, which PBL promotes to develop critical thinking and engineering-relevant problem-solving skills, supported this effectiveness.

Since the discovery of high‐temperature superconductivity, in addition to its widespread application in the superconducting coils and cables, there is a field known as, what we call, “bulk magnets,” in which the bulk crystals are grown from the powder materials by heat treatments. Bulk magnets are used as pseudo‐permanent magnets, and used for non‐contact magnetic levitation, which is unique to high‐temperature superconductivity, and are expected to have wide industrial applications in the future. This report introduces the pulsed field magnetizing method as a simple way to activate the bulk magnets, and refers to the research results. As for the application of strong magnetic field we refer to the studies on TD‐NMR using a single magnetic pole, the magnetic separation of Ni‐plating wastes, and the applications to rotating machines. As for the magnetic levitation, we take the human levitation models, the transport devices, and the non‐contact bearings. In all the above application, the important thing we would propose is to utilize not only liquid nitrogen but also small and easy‐to‐use cryocoolers, which could enhance the performance of the devices, broadening options into the technologies that are expected to have wide markets in the future. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Owing to the inherent uncertainty of photovoltaic (PV) output fluctuations, power‐flow management and voltage regulation are critical in distribution systems with a high penetration of PV generation. Although network reconfiguration is a promising approach to address these challenges, it requires system operators to estimate the system states owing to the lack of enough sensors to directly monitor the power‐flow conditions in distribution systems. The authors have previously developed a probabilistic state estimation technique that accounts for load and PV output uncertainties; however, this technique did not consider the voltage‐control equipment within the distribution system. Therefore, this paper presents a novel network‐reconfiguration method that incorporates the control effect of step voltage regulators (SVRs). The proposed method optimizes the SVR output voltage using the probability distribution of the voltage profile in conjunction with the optimal network reconfiguration. Numerical simulations on a modified IEEE 33‐bus system model demonstrate that the proposed method reduces distribution power loss while satisfying the voltage‐violation probability. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

The article proves that the version of the special relativity theory (SRT) that is taught in all physics textbooks is incorrect, since the relativistic formulas obtained in it are incorrect and they are incorrectly explained using the incorrect principle of not exceeding the speed of light. These formulas also lead to incorrect conclusions about the physical unreality of imaginary numbers and the existence in nature of only our visible universe. A corrected version of the SRT is presented and it is explained that the argument ‘speed’ in the corrected relativistic formulas is, in accordance with Newton’s first law, the fourth spatial dimension[1]. The principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers is experimentally proven, which refutes the principle of not exceeding the speed of light. It is shown that the SRT, on the one hand, and radio engineering, electrical engineering and computer engineering, on the other hand, mutually refute each other. It is explained that in nature, in addition to our visible universe, there are many mutually invisible, since they are in different dimensions, universes and anti-universes, which are dark matter and dark energy. This explains the well-known properties of dark matter and dark energy - their invisibility and the absence of corpuscular content. Therefore no studies at the Large Hadron Collider can explain the phenomena of dark matter and dark energy. It is explained also that in the anti-universes of such an invisible Multiverse there is anti-matter and anti-time. Therefore, time travel is possible in it. Time travel is also available to people on Earth. [1] Not to be confused with the fourth dimension in four-dimensional space-time (Minkowski space).