As the domestic nuclear power plant decommissioning industry reaches a pivotal transition, the technology for the safe and efficient dismantling of metal structures exposed to radiation is emerging as a critical task. The decommissioning of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RV) and its internals (RVI), in particular, involves unique complexities such as challenging environmental conditions and high radiation levels, making the standardization of cutting and dismantling technologies and the establishment of technical standards an urgent priority. This study compares and analyzes the application cases and development status of domestic and international decommissioning technologies, and identifies the key technical elements required for metal cutting operations in terms of safety, operational efficiency, and waste management. Furthermore, to develop technical standards suitable for domestic conditions, this research proposes a specific framework based on the Korea Electric Power Industry Code (KEPIC) system, outlining the scope of application, technology selection procedures, and requirements for equipment and personnel. Through this, the study aims to provide a practical foundation for simultaneously enhancing safety and achieving cost-effectiveness at future domestic decommissioning sites by securing the reliability of the technology and preparing a standardization strategy that aligns with international standards.

RELEVANCE. Currently, the development and creation of new types and designs of domestic low-voltage switching devices is a prerequisite for the development of the electric power industry and the electrical industry. The article presents a developed computer model for the study and evaluation of the technical and design characteristics of low-voltage switching devices using the example of circuit breakers (CB). THE PURPOSE. Development of a computer model for the study and evaluation of the technical parameters of contact connections CB. METHODS. The article presents a multiplatform approach to the design and evaluation of technical and constructive characteristics of contact connections of low-voltage switching devices using the example of CB. Three-dimensional modeling is performed in the Solid Edge program, input of the geometry parameters of the contact joints is carried out using Microsoft Excel, physical processes are modeled in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. RESULTS. Using a computer model, it is possible to obtain data on the heating of the contact connections, power losses to the pole of the device, as well as the resistance of the contact connections when the load factor of the device changes from 0.1 to 1.2. CONCLUSIONS. The values of the heating temperature of the contact connections, the probability of trouble-free operation, the resistance of the contact connections, and the loss of power to the pole of the device are determined depending on the change in the number of switching cycles of the CB. The developed computer model allows conducting studies of contact connections and technical parameters in dynamics during operation. The results of the study make it possible to monitor the technical condition of the studied CB in operating modes.

Development of a software resource for selecting the best option for a post-emergency electrical network scheme in the context of digitalization of the electric power industry is one of the priority tasks of the Russian economy. The solution to this problem in the work is proposed to be implemented by means of a genetic algorithm adapted by the authors. It is proposed to select the best option for the topology of a post-emergency electrical network by means of a multi-criteria assessment of each of them. The article presents the results of software development that can be used by operational dispatch personnel to prevent and eliminate technological disturbances in the electrical network. Testing of the algorithm was performed, which showed the reliability of the developed software resource and an increase in the speed of the process of detecting an accident and making a decision on its elimination.

ABSTRACT Non-ferromagnetic metallic materials, such as aluminium alloys and stainless steels, are extensively utilised in aerospace, electrical power, and other industries. Due to harsh operating environments and complex stress states, arbitrarily oriented subsurface cracks with strong concealment but significant harm are prone to occur, posing a substantial threat to structural safety. Therefore, the detection and sizing of arbitrarily oriented subsurface cracks are crucial for maintaining the safe operation of equipment. In this paper, a novel intelligent 3-D reconstruction method for arbitrarily oriented subsurface cracks is proposed. A simulation model for a multi-frequency Rotating Alternating Current Field Measurement (RACFM) is established, and the relationship between subsurface cracks of different angles, lengths and depths and multi-frequency magnetic field images is analysed. A database is constructed through both simulation and experimentation. Guided by the physical information contained in the magnetic field images, an intelligent 3-D reconstruction network for arbitrarily oriented subsurface cracks is established. Experimental results indicate that the method can achieve 3-D reconstruction and sizing of arbitrarily oriented subsurface cracks, with an average length error of 0.79 mm and an average depth error of 0.35 mm.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of modernization of Russia's electric grids and balanced development of economic sectors. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the relationships between indicators of innovative and economic development of the Volga Federal District regions and the performance results of PAO Rosseti Volga. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and regression analyses. Results. The study reveals a strong inverse relationship between the volume of investment in innovation and electricity losses, a direct correlation between electricity consumption and the profits of PAO Rosseti Volga, as well as a relationship between energy intensity and the innovative activity of the regions where the electric grid company operates. Relevance. The regression models obtained can be used for the informed selection of innovative projects for the development of the electric power industry in Russia.

OutlineSOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) in the co-electrolysis of H2O and CO2 can produce syngas and, when integrated with Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, liquid fuel can be obtained in a clean and efficient process. Pressurizing SOEC in co-electrolysis can potentially enhance SOEC performance and improve efficiency in an integrated process with FT synthesis. However, pressurizing SOEC may lead to issues such as carbon deposition in the fuel electrode, which can damage the electrode microstructure, and the undesired promotion of methanation reaction. In this study, SOEC operating conditions which prevent these problems were determined by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations under pressurized conditions. In addition, the performance of the SOEC single cells, including the gas manifold and end separator, which are the same as those in a stack, was evaluated under pressurized conditions to examine the performance factors of the SOEC.Thermodynamic equilibrium calculationIn this study, the water gas shift reaction and methanation reaction were only considered in the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of the gas composition in SOEC. In fact, the outlet gas composition at the fuel electrode was analyzed experimentally, and it was confirmed that it was almost at equilibrium. Therefore, the outlet gas composition was assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. In this calculation, it was considered that carbon deposition occurred when the calculated pressure equilibrium constants of Boudouard reaction (Kb) from the equilibrium gas composition were smaller than the calculated Kb from thermodynamic parameters.Water-gas shift reaction: CO2+H2=CO+H2O, Kw = [CO]×[H2O] / ([CO2]×[H2])Methanation reaction: CO+3H2=CH4+H2O, Km = [CH4]×[H2O] / ([CO]×[H2]3×P 2)Boudouard reaction: 2CO＝C+CO2, Kb = [CO2] / ([CO]2×P)K: pressure equilibrium constant, P: gas pressurePerformance evaluation methodTo examine the performance factors of SOEC, the performance evaluation method of SOEC has been already developed based on Eq. (1)-(4) in Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)[1]. Eq. (2) can be applied in the region of the linear relationship in the current-voltage (IV) characteristics under a constant gas utilization rate, as shown in Fig. 1. In Eq. (3), the fuel electrode reaction resistance depends on the partial pressures of hydrogen and steam in the fuel electrode. These partial pressures were calculated by assuming the equilibrium between the water-gas shift reaction and methanation reaction. V = E +η ne+η ir+η f+η o (1)≈ E +η ne+ (R ir+ R f+ R o) × J (2) R f = f 0 × P H2 α × P H2O β (3) R o = o 0 × P O2 γ (4) V: cell voltage, E: OCV, η ne: Nernst loss, η ir: internal resistance loss, η f, η o: fuel, oxygen electrode overvoltage, R ir: internal resistance, R f, R o: reaction resistance at fuel, oxygen electrode, J: current density, f 0,o 0: resistance parameter, P i: gas partial pressure of “i”, α, β, and γ: degree of gas partial pressureThe values of α, β, and γ were determined by obtaining the gas partial pressure dependencies. These values change depending on the cell specifications but do not change with the cell degradation. To evaluate the SOEC performance, it is necessary to measure the cell voltages under approximately ten different conditions, including variations in the inlet gas composition at the fuel electrode, reactant gas utilization (U re) at the fuel electrode, and inlet gas composition at the oxygen electrode. The R ir was measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The R ir value is defined as the intersection of the real axis and the measurement result of the highest-frequency side in the Cole-Cole plot. Performance was evaluated by calculating the current density and gas partial pressure distribution in the cell based on the measured values.Results and discussionThe following criteria were used in this study to determine the SOEC operating conditions: Gas compositions in SOEC outlet were H2/CO≈2.0 (for FT synthesis)High yield of H2 and CO (for FT synthesis)Low methane formation (for FT synthesis)No carbon deposition in SOEC (for SOEC) From these criteria and the results of the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, the SOEC operating conditions in this study were determined as follows: Fuel inlet gas composition: H2O/CO2/H2 = 56.7/33.3/10% ((H2+H2O)/CO2=2.0) U re at the fuel electrode: 70%Operating temperature: 750-800 ˚C The SOEC performance under various pressures based on the determined operating conditions was evaluated using the performance evaluation method. The results indicated that the open-circuit voltages under pressurized conditions increased but the fuel electrode overvoltage and oxygen electrode overvoltage decreased under the same conditions. It was revealed that SOEC performance was also improved under pressurized conditions, which is favorable for SOEC and FT synthesis.These results of this study suggest that the efficiency of the integrated SOEC and FT synthesis processes can potentially be enhanced under pressurized conditions.AcknowledgementThis work is based on results obtained from project, JPNP16002, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

Driven by both the “new engineering” initiative and the energy revolution, the traditional engineering education model can hardly meet the demand of the energy and electric power industry for diversified and interdisciplinary outstanding engineers. Based on the “industry-university-research-application” four-in-one collaborative education concept, this paper constructs a new training system centered on classified cultivation and classified evaluation. The system aims to solve core problems such as homogeneous training, disconnection between industry and academia, single evaluation method, and insufficient faculty. Through measures including modular courses, the dual-tutor system, and diversified practical platforms, it realizes differentiated and precise talent training, so as to deliver outstanding engineers with the ability to “define problems, break through technologies, and create value” for the energy and electric power industry.

Improving the green total factor productivity of the electric power industry is crucial to realize China's clean and low-carbon transition and sustainable economic growth. The super-efficient SBM model and ML index method were used to measure the green total factor productivity and its growth rate in the power industry in 30 provinces of China from 2005 to 2021, and the dynamic green total factor productivity is split to analyze the impact of technological progress and changes in technological efficiency. The spatial transfer paths and spatiotemporal differences of dynamic green total factor productivity in the electric power industry are further investigated through a spatial Markov chain model and panel Tobit model, and their influencing factors are empirically examined. The results show that: ① The static green total factor productivity of the electric power industry in each province during the study period was low and showed large differences, with considerable room for improvement. ② The green total factor productivity of China's electric power industry increased at an average annual rate of 3.9%, of which the average annual growth rate of technological progress was 3%. Among the six power grid regions, the ML index of green total factor productivity of the power industry of East China, Central China, and South China Power Grid was among the top three in China, and technological progress was the main driving force. ③ The transfer probability of the green total factor productivity level in the power industry between regions was affected by the spatial lag effect. The transfer trend of regions with different levels varied, showing a low state maintenance probability and high transfer probability. ④ Economic level, power industry capital intensity, industrial structure, and green technology innovation were the key factors for the growth of green total factor productivity in the power industry, and there was heterogeneity in the mechanisms of influencing factors in the six power grid regions.

The electric power industry, as a High-Reliability Organization (HRO), demands a mature safety culture. However, existing diagnostic tools often lack industry specificity. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating a specialized safety culture diagnostic tool for the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). A mixed-methodology was employed, resulting in a 50-item questionnaire tailored to the power industry’s unique risks. The tool assesses four domains: ‘Hierarchical Safety Leadership’, ‘Safety and Health Management System’, ‘Worker Participation’, and ‘Accident and Risk Management’. The survey was administered to 680 personnel (426 KEPCO internal; 254 contractors). The tool’s reliability was validated using Cronbach’s alpha (internal $\alpha$ = 0.991; contractor $\alpha$ = 0.989), and its structural validity was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The overall safety culture score was favorable, with a mean of 4.25 (out of 5.0). However, the analysis revealed significant perception gaps between organizational groups. Contractors reported the highest score (4.46), whereas the headquarters (HQ) scored the lowest (4.00). Notably, the HQ showed weaknesses in ‘Worker Participation’ (3.93) and ‘Accident and Risk Management’ (3.98). These results suggest that KEPCO’s culture is currently in the ‘Calculative’ stage. It also demonstrates a significant gap between the HQ’s administrative management and the contractors’ on-site execution. This study expanded the scope of safety research by including contractors, who are often overlooked. This validated tool enables KEPCO to quantitatively diagnose these perception gaps. This supports data-driven interventions and the transition toward a ‘Proactive’ safety culture.

Gas Prices As a Factor of Technology Competition in the Electric Power Industry and the Pace of Its Decarbonization: Sectoral, Intersectoral, and Macroeconomic Consequences

Ion liquid selective depolymerization of epoxy resin insulation materials from electric power industry in a polar aprotic solvent system

The article provides an overview of the European International Conference on Applied Superconductivity. It highlights key topics from the plenary presentations, including the prospects for using high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in high-field magnets, the latest advances in adapting the microstructure of traditional superconductors, and research into radiation damage in REBCO-coated conductors. The CRAFT and BEST projects aimed at developing thermonuclear fusion technologies are reviewed, as well as the problems and prospects of scaling superconducting quantum computers. Changes in the paradigm of HTS application are noted — the transition from use in the electric power industry to the creation of high-field magnets, including for controlled thermonuclear fusion. Organisational aspects of conference participation are also addressed, including restrictions related to sanctions and their impact on the scientific community. The importance of international conferences for knowledge exchange, establishing professional contacts and developing international cooperation in the field of superconductivity is emphasised.

The article presents a study of the economic efficiency of the spread of digitalization of networks and intelligent accounting systems, as well as the construction of a profit forecast, using the example of the company PJSC “Rosseti Moscow Region.” The following tasks were addressed within the framework of the study: to analyze the development of digitalization in the electric power industry, to analyze methods for assessing the efficiency of digitalization, and to propose methods for assessing the efficiency of digitalization in the energy sector, which consider not only electricity generation but also its delivery to the supplier and the accounting of consumed energy by the consumer. Because of the analysis, it was determined that significant electricity losses caused by distorted information received from consumers necessitated the development of digital technologies that allow reading the volume of energy consumed by consumers from metering devices. The article proposes methods of correlation analysis, integrated assessment, and regression analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the spread of digital networks and intelligent accounting systems, which made it possible to determine the feasibility of implementing digitalization measures for intelligent energy consumption accounting systems now and in the future. The study, conducted on the example of the energy company, showed that increasing the installation of “smart” metering devices leads to company profit growth and that increased savings from electricity losses also have a positive economic impact.

On 16 July 2021, China officially launched its national carbon emissions trading market, which has since become the largest market in the world in terms of coverage of greenhouse gas emissions and plays an important role in combating global climate change. This study selects the national carbon emissions trading price data from July 16, 2021 to August 31, 2024, which records the price fluctuation characteristics in the early stage of the market (covering only the stage of the electric power industry), which not only provides a historical reference for the subsequent inclusion of the industry, but also provides an important basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the market construction and the optimization of the policy. At the same time, the VEC model is used to study the dynamic relationship between the national carbon emission trading price and key variables, including energy prices, macroeconomic conditions, the development of the power industry, international carbon prices, carbon emissions from the power industry, and the trading volume of national carbon emission quotas. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the national carbon trading price and the variables, which provides a scientific basis for setting a reasonable fluctuation range of the carbon price. Furthermore, impulse response and variance decomposition analyses were conducted to evaluate the short-term dynamic effects of each variable on the national carbon emission trading price. The results reveal that the trading volume of national carbon emission quotas and the development of the power industry exert significant influence on the national carbon emission trading price. In addition, the carbon emissions of the electric power industry have a positive impact on the national carbon emissions trading price in the short-term situation, and in the long-term situation, they have a negative impact. This provides a parameter calibration basis for the expansion of the industry and a reference for policy making, which is important for the construction of the national carbon emission trading market with international influence. The marginal contributions of this study are:(1) forming a new combination of variables for a comprehensive analysis of the national carbon emissions trading market; (2) the empirical results uncover new insights into the dynamics of the national carbon price; and (3) providing empirical evidence for improving the institutional system of the national carbon emissions trading market.

The equilibrium between electricity demand and consumption is vital to ensure the stability of the transmission and distribution systems grid (TS & DS) and to ensure the stable operation of the electrical system. The aim of this review study is to highlight the current legislative and technical situation and the possibilities for managing peak loads, decentralization, sharing, storage, and sale of electricity generated from renewable sources in Slovakia. The European Union′s (EU) goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and a minimum of 42.5% renewable energy consumption by 2030 brings with it obligations for individual member states. These are transposed into national strategies. The current share of renewable sources in Slovakia is approximately 24% and the EU target by 2030 is probably unrealistic. Water resources are practically exhausted; other possibilities for increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) are in photovoltaics, wind, and thermal sources. Due to long-term geographical and historical development, electricity production in Slovakia is based on large-scale solutions. The move towards decentralization requires legislative and technical support. The review article examines the possibilities of increasing the share of RES and energy sharing in Slovakia, and examines the legislative, economic, and social barriers to their wider application. At the same time as the share of renewable sources in electricity generation increases, the article examines and presents solutions capable of ensuring the stability of electricity networks across Europe. The study formulates diversified strategies at the distribution network level and the consumer and building levels, and identifies physical (various types of electricity storage, electromobility, electricity liquidators) and virtual (electricity sharing, energy communities, virtual batteries) solutions. In conclusion, it defines the necessary changes in the legislative, technical, social, and economic areas for the most optimal improvement of the situation in the area of increasing the share of RES, supporting the decentralization of the electric power industry, and sharing electricity in Slovakia, also based on experience and good examples from abroad.

The Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants in Korea has accelerated the need for Technically rigorous and safety-oriented standards governing the packaging, transportation, and disposal of radioactive waste. To address this, a new set of standards based on the Korean Electric power Industry Code(KEPIC) is under development, with the goal of ensuring regulatory compliance, operational efficiency, and environmental safety. This Study outlines the key elements of KEPIC based technical standards for waste containers, focusing on both metallic containers and flexible intermediate bulk containers(Soft bags,) Applicable across low-, very low, and intermediate-level waste streams. The paper analyzes domestic and international regulatory frameworks—including IAEA SSR-6, NRC 10 CFR Part 71, ASME BPVC, and related Korean regulations—and synthesizes container design and performance requirements drawn from recent committee deliberations and stakeholder reviews. Technical challenges such as structural integrity, corrosion resistance, shielding capability, and compatibility with waste forms are examined in detail. Based on these findings, the study proposes a draft structure for a new KEPIC standard and discusses its anticipated policy and practical implications for radioactive waste management during decommissioning in Korea

This study aims to develop a systematic framework for establishing source term evaluation criteria within the Korea Electric Power Industry Code (KEPIC), specifically tailored for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Korea. As domestic nuclear facilities approach the end of their operational lifespans, accurate characterization of radiological source terms becomes essential for safe and efficient decommissioning planning. However, existing domestic standards lack clear procedures and technical guidelines for evaluating source terms during decommissioning. Through a comparative analysis of international standards—such as those from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)—this study identifies gaps in current Korean regulatory and technical practices. Based on these findings, it proposes a roadmap for integrating source term evaluation methodologies into KEPIC. Key considerations include the use of plant-specific operational history, activation analysis, and radiological data collection systems. The outcomes of this research will support the safe dismantling of nuclear power plants, enhance regulatory compliance, and improve the reliability of radiation protection strategies throughout the decommissioning process.

To digitally manage the configuration of electrical grids, it is necessary to create a data collection, storage and processing system. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is developing the structure of a data collection, storage and processing system that will allow collecting, storing, analyzing and managing data on operating modes and the state of the power grid. (Materials and methods) To develop a data collection, storage and processing system, various approaches and methods used in the field of electric power industry were studied, including the use of regulatory, design and other documentation, technical means of control, monitoring, accounting and management, external data sources. The existing approaches to the management of power grids based on the use of databases and management systems of these databases were considered. (Results and discussion) A multi-layered structure of the data collection, storage and processing system has been developed, including data collection and storage, data security system and access interface. The system consists of five layers: data collection, data storage, analysis and diagnostics, forecasting and planning, management and optimization. The internal structure of the blocks of the data collection, storage and processing system has been developed, which can be used for data collection, as well as a component in the systems for analyzing and predicting the operation of the electric grid, optimizing its operation and control modes. (Conclusions) The developed structure of the data collection, storage and processing system can be applied to improve the efficiency and reliability of the electric grid, as well as to reduce the cost of its operation and maintenance.

The energy sector of any country is a strategic one, even in peacetime. Its importance in creating general technological conditions for production and prices for national products, its impact on the quality, cost and comfort of life of the population, its role in shaping macroeconomic characteristics of employment, production scale, foreign trade and inflation in the country, and its significant anthropogenic impact on all components of the environment characterize the key importance of energy in the development of economic, environmental, social and security components of the national economic system. Russia's military aggression has created new internal challenges for the energy sector of our country (physical destruction of energy facilities, reduction of capacity, the need to diversify generation sources, reliability and uninterrupted power supply, etc.), which has strengthened its importance for the current survival and future sustainable development of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the main indicators of the energy sector of modern Ukraine in general and the electric power industry as its key component, to identify transformations caused by military actions. The conducted research allows us to conclude that the full-scale invasion significantly affected all economic characteristics of the electric power industry of our country, changing its absolute and structural characteristics. The electric power sector is going through a difficult stage of transformations, when, in accordance with internal challenges, it is necessary to actively rebuild energy generation and transportation, taking into account the requirements for its diversification, decentralization and national security, and in accordance with external global challenges, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, rational use of nature and prevention of climate change. It can be stated that the energy sector of Ukraine in general and its key component, the electric power industry, despite the destructive negative consequences of military aggression, still performs the basic functions assigned to it of providing all consumers with energy of the appropriate quantity and quality. The country's energy system remains unified and stable thanks to the dedicated work of energy professionals and significant state and international support.

ABSTRACTBattery technology has been a hot spot in the research community, owing to the radical unification of renewable sources into the electric power industry. Redox flow batteries (RFBs), which are electrolyte‐based, are preferred and have found viable applications in microgrids (MGs) due to their scalable nature, operational flexibility, and environmental friendliness. Acknowledging the complexity of the MG system and the importance of effective battery operation, this paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review on battery and energy management for RFBs. Utilizing the bibliographical analysis, this research critically examines the existing literature on battery and energy management, their research trends, and associated challenges. The summary reveals that existing approaches lack the implementation of advanced techniques that enable experiential learning and tailored operational strategies required for safer, reliable operation in convergence with other energy sources. Considering the challenges, the paper emphasizes emerging technology, including artificial intelligence (AI), system modeling, and digital twins (DTs), for effective development, monitoring, and furthering reliability in RFB. IoT‐integrated BMS and Energy Management System (EMS) systems can aid data collection, allowing integration of intelligence systems performing accurate forecasting and system optimization, whereas AI agents can help with cybersecurity and fault response, realizing state‐of‐the‐art battery/EMS. Subsequently, existing drawbacks and future prospects are presented for the research community and are expected to act as a catalyst to advance EMS and BMS research, tailored for RFB.