A low-voltage alternating electric field strategy against Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Anti-biofouling mechanism under electrical stimulation.

Electric field drives assimilation enhancement and deterministic assembly in algae-bacteria symbiosis for enhanced aniline biodegradation.

Cell electropermeabilisation in pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments depends on complex interactions among chamber geometry, treatment parameters, biological and environmental conditions. Traditional PEF optimisation methods, such as numerical simulations or flow cytometry (FCM), typically address only isolated aspects of these interactions. Here, we present an experimental-computational platform that combines fluorescence imaging of hydrogel-immobilised Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with electric field simulations. Thereby, local treatment intensity in complex chamber geometries can be assessed, and experimental workload is reduced by probing multiple field strengths in a single treatment. Cells embedded in a transparent hydrogel matrix were exposed to PEF using a custom grid electrode that creates spatial field gradients. After staining with Sytox Green, a marker of membrane damage, fluorescence microscopy images of the hydrogel were overlaid with simulated electric field maps. Quantitative image analysis enabled an estimation of the electropermeabilisation threshold within the semi-solid matrix and could be validated against conventional FCM in cell suspensions. During long-pulse (35μs) exposures, some fluorescence patterns not captured by simulations highlighted the need for further investigation. Nevertheless, the platform provides a consistent, image-based method for evaluating local PEF treatment intensity and inhomogeneity, adaptable to diverse PEF chamber designs and biological systems.

Dual-mode comparative modeling of coupled electromagnetic–thermal–moisture transport with and without moving boundaries during pulsed microwave drying

Spontaneous degradation of bisphenol contaminants driven by an enhanced electric field in a multicomponent coordinated cation-π catalyst.

Electrochemically activated peroxymonosulfate with modified TiO2 nanotube array anode for PPCPs degradation and pharmaceutical wastewater detoxification: Mechanistic insights and practical implications.

Mitigation of membrane fouling by electric field in anaerobic membrane bioreactor for domestic sewage treatment

Metagenomics insights into humification improvement and antimicrobial resistance reduction during hyperthermophilic coupled with electric field composting process.

New strategy for enhancing reinjection of geothermal tailwater in sandstone reservoirs using an electric field

Linear superposition co-tuning for photoelectric effect by magnetic field and electric field in BiFe0.9Ni0.1O3/Si heterojunction device

Medium frequency transformers (MFTs) have emerged as a key enabling technology in medium voltage (MV) power electronics systems, supporting applications such as solid state transformers (SST), power electronic traction transformers (PETT), medium voltage direct current (MVDC) power distribution. This review provides a comprehensive overview of high-power MFTs, focusing on their state of the art, applications, technical challenges, and current research solutions. The paper surveys key considerations including core materials, core shapes, winding technologies, winding structures, insulation considerations, dielectric materials, electric field stress grading materials, and cooling technologies. Specifically targeted at modern MV power electronics, this paper discusses the challenges and solutions in MFT insulation design and test. The topics include complex voltage stress and electric field distribution, partial discharge under medium frequency high dv/dt waveforms, and insulation test standards which are critical to enhance the performance, reliability, and development of high-power MFTs in MV applications.

Electric field-accelerated allosteric DNA-driven immune reaction for highly rapid and sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of cMyBP-C protein.

Synergistic effect of high-voltage alternating and static electric fields on quality maintenance of partially frozen Litopenaeus vannamei via stabilization of protein structure.

The influence of ion beam-synthesized InSb nanocrystals on current-voltage characteristics of SiO2 layers in MOS structures

Designing interfacial built-in electric field-driven S-scheme cadmium tungstate/bismuth tungstate heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic performance.

Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting dmPFC ameliorates somatic symptoms in depression: A randomized control trial.

Electric fields for warming cryopreserved tissue.

Insights on the microbial resistance mechanisms of Listeria monocytogenes to Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) treatments.

Neural network prediction and theoretical validation of nonlinear optical rectification in asymmetric double semi-V-shaped quantum wells Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 under electric field

Conventional bulk piezoelectric materials face intrinsic performance bottlenecks in simultaneously achieving high electromechanical sensitivity and low acoustic impedance. TPMS metamaterials, owing to their unique bi-continuous structure and superior mechanical properties, stand out as ideal candidates. However, existing research lacks a systematic investigation into their configurational mechanisms and cross-scale electro-mechanical behaviors. This study investigates the multiscale electromechanical behavior of TPMS structures as piezoelectric functional layers. At the microscale, the influences of TPMS configurations, material composition, and volume fractions on homogenized electromechanical coefficients were investigated through numerical homogenization theory and analysis of stress and electric displacement field distributions, with performance quantified via figures of merit (FOM). The results demonstrate that Primitive exhibits superior dielectric and piezoelectric responses, and Diamond achieves exceptionally high hydrostatic FOM. At the macroscale, a finite element model based on Reissner-Mindlin theory was developed to comprehensively assess actuation, sensing, and control behaviors in smart sandwich plates. The simulation revealed that the Primitive delivers optimal overall performance. This work systematically elucidates the cross-scale mapping from microscale topology for homogenized properties to macroscale responses, establishing a theoretical foundation for integrated material-structure–function design of piezoelectric metamaterials in smart devices.