Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Control Group Research Articles

Oroxylum indicum stem bark extract exerts antitumor potential against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice

Introduction and Aim: Constant efforts are exerted to explore unique bioactive principles from natural sources that possess more effective and specific antineoplastic activities. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of stem bark extract of Oroxylum indicum in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Materials and Methods: Ninety female Swiss albino mice were categorized into fifteen groups (n=6). The animals were inoculated with 1x106 EAC cells. Tumor control animals received sterile water once daily for 10 consecutive days. Positive control group was injected with Cisplatin (CP) (one dose – 3.5 mg/kg body weight). The treatment groups were administered with O. indicum (OI) stem bark ethanol extract once daily with 50mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight for eleven consecutive days. The blood parameters and serum hepatic enzymes activity was determined. The percentage increase in weight, the median survival time, the increase in median life span was calculated. The cytotoxic effect of CP and OI extract was determined. Results: There was significant reduction in the white blood cells count in OI and CP treatment group compared to increased level in EAC control group. The RBC count and Hemoglobin level which was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the tumour mice, was enhanced in the drug treatment groups. The EAC control group showed significant increase in tumour cell count (p<0.05) whereas, treatment of EAC tumor bearing mice with OI and CP significantly increased the non-viable tumor cell count (p<0.05). Conclusion: OI stem bark ethanol extract reduced the toxic implications of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, reverted the haematological and biochemical changes induced by tumour. These results call for additional research on isolating and identifying the responsible bioactive elements in order to clarify the underlying processes of the anticancer impact.

Anticancer Effects of New Ceramides Isolated from the Red Sea Red Algae Hypnea musciformis in a Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: LC-HRMS Analysis Profile and Molecular Modeling.

Different classes of phytochemicals were previously isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis as sterols, ketosteroids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Herein, we report the isolation of three fatty acids—docosanoic acid 4, hexadecenoic acid 5, and alpha hydroxy octadecanoic acid 6—as well as three ceramides—A (1), B (2), and C (3)—with 9-methyl-sphinga-4,8-dienes and phytosphingosine bases. Additionally, different phytochemicals were determined using the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) technique. Ceramides A (1) and B (2) exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line when compared with doxorubicin as a positive control. Further in vivo study and biochemical estimation in a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) revealed that both ceramides A (1) and B (2) at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, significantly decreased the tumor size in mice inoculated with EAC cells. The higher dose (2 mg/kg) of ceramide B (2) particularly expressed the most pronounced decrease in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor -B (VEGF-B) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) markers, as well as the expression levels of the growth factor midkine in tumor tissue relative to the EAC control group. The highest expression of apoptotic factors, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 was observed in the same group that received 2 mg/kg of ceramide B (2). Molecular docking simulations suggested that ceramides A (1) and B (2) could bind in the deep grove between the H2 helix and the Ser240-P250 loop of p53, preventing its interaction with MDM2 and leading to its accumulation. In conclusion, this study reports the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of ceramides isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis in an experimental model of EAC.

Therapeutic potential of xanthones from Swertia chirata in breast cancer cells.

Background & objectives:Medicinal plants like Swertia chirata are rich sources of different xanthones. This study was aimed to assess the cytotoxic potential of four most abundant xanthones present in S. chirata both in vivo and in vitro in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), a mouse transplantable breast carcinoma cell line and two human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231).Methods:Four xanthones derived from S. chirata namely 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (XA), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (XB), 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone (XC) and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (XD) were used for determination of sub-lethal dose on the cell lines EAC, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and verified toxicity of sub-lethal dose on normal murine fibroblast cells. Cytotoxicity was measured in vivo and survivability of mice was plotted accordingly. Therapeutic efficacy of XD was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro by determination of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and by quantitating the enzyme status (GSH, catalase, superoxide dismutase) in treated and untreated samples. DNA damage was evaluated using comet and DNA fragmentation assays. Furthermore, apoptotic effect was analyzed by flow cytometry and validated by TUNEL assay and Western blotting.Results:Among all the xanthones tested XD showed IC50 at the lowest dose, and normal cells were unaffected at this dose. Survivability of mice increased significantly when treated with XD compared to other xanthones and cisplatin. Significantly increased ROS and LPO were found in cancer cells as a result of XD treatment which was unaltered in normal cell line. XD induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cell lines.Interpretation & conclusions:Our experimental data indicate that XD may potentially act as a chemotherapeutic agent by enhancing ROS in breast cancer cells thereby leading to apoptosis.

Stem extract of Tabebuia chrysantha induces apoptosis by targeting sEGFR in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe plant Tabebuia chrysantha (Jaq.) Nicholson (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as “Golden Goddess” in the Southern part of India and “Golden Trumpet Tree “ in Central America. Stems of this plant have been traditionally used for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer actions. Aim of the studyTo evaluate the antitumor activity of methanol extract of Tabebuia chrysantha stem (METC). Materials and methodsThe in vivo antitumor potential of METC against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice was assessed by evaluating tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant parameters. The in vitro antitumor potential of METC at different concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 1000) µg/mL has been evaluated, by using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and Trypan blue dilution assay for a period of 3 h treatment. Before that, the crude extract was pre-screened for cytotoxicity property using Brine shrimp lethality bioassay. ResultsPhytoconstituents 2-Hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, β-lapachone and 2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3-methoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione were isolated from the METC. Their occurrence and structures were determined by HPLC chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies respectively. The extract showed a direct cytotoxic effect on EAC cells in a dose-dependent manner with IG50 value 463.27 µg/mL in MTT assay and 443.58 µg/mL in trypan blue dilution assay. The METC (300 mg/kg) and 5-FU (30 mg/kg) exhibited significant (p < 0.001) decrease in tumor volume, tumor weight and viable cell count of EAC-treated mice. Also, hematological profile, tissue parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were reverted to the normal levels compared to the EAC control group. The Western blotting analysis demonstrated apoptosis of carcinoma was due to inhibition of soluble epidermal growth factor receptor proteins (sEGFR) expression in the blood. ConclusionThe antitumor potential of the stem extract of T chrysantha was due to naphthaquinones and polyphenol content in the crude extract and so T chrysantha could be a cytotoxic plant to control tumor growth.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of the Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin Combined in a Nanoemulsion.

Context:Doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM) are anticancer drugs that were combined in a nanoemulsion (NE) to reduce their adverse side effects.Aim:To detect the antitumor activity of the combination formulas of GEM and DOX, loaded either in water (GEM+DOX-Sol) or in NEs (GEM–DOX combination/loaded NE [GEM+DOX/LNE]), in female Swiss albino mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).Settings and Design:The anticancer assessment of the NE formulas was implemented in 200 mice, which were divided into 10 groups.Materials and Methods:It includes the detection of the change in body weight, analysis of the hematological and serum biochemical profiles, and study of the histopathologic alterations of the heart tissues.Statistical Analysis:One-factor analysis of variance was used.Results:Mice treated with GEM + DOX/LNE, which have an z-average of 155.38±2.33nm and zeta potential of −38.5±1.3 mV, recorded a considerable improvement in the mean survival time (MST), which was 60 days, as compared to the EAC control group, which has an MST of 28 days. It also restored the hematological and serum biochemical parameters toward normal values.Conclusions:The combination of GEM and DOX in NE has significantly diminished the cardiotoxicity of DOX and hematotoxicity of GEM while improving their antitumor properties.

Exploring the Cytotoxic Potential of Triterpenoids-enriched Fraction of Bacopa monnieri by Implementing In vitro, In vivo, and In silico Approaches.

Background:Bacopa monnieri (BM) is a herbaceous plant traditionally used from time immemorial in Ayurvedic and folklore medicines. We hypothesized that the extract of the whole plant might contain numerous molecules with having antitumor activities that could be very effective in killing of human cancer cells.Objectives:This work investigated anticancer activity of bioactive fraction of BM.Materials and Methods:The hydroalcoholic extract of BM was fractionated with different solvent, namely, hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, methanol, and water. The in vitro anticancer activity was performed against various Human Cancer Cell lines, namely, Colon (HT29, Colo320, and Caco2), Lung (A549), Cervix (HeLa, SiHa), and Breast (MCF-7, MDAMB-231). Further, DCM fraction was evaluated in vivo for anticancer activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing mice since it showed the best cytotoxicity at 72 h (IC50 41.0–60.0 µg/mL). The metabolic fingerprinting of these extract were carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography along with quantification of bacoside A, bacoside B, cucurbitacin B, cucurbitacin E, and bittulinic acid.Results:Oral administration of DCM fraction at a dose of 40 mg/kg rendered prominent reduction of tumor regression parameters such as tumor weight, packed cell volume, tumor volume and viable tumor cell count as compared to the untreated mice of the EAC control group. The anticancer activity of DCM fraction may be due to the presence of large amount of bacoside A, B and cucurbitacins. The molecular docking studies of major metabolites with targeted proteins predicted the anticancer activity of DCM fraction which was in support of in vivo activity.Conclusion:The in vitro, in vivo, analytical and in silico studies on DCM fraction of Bacopa monieri has proved its great potential for development of anticancer phytopharmaceuticals.SUMMARY A new HPTLC method has been developed and validated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacoside A, B, cucurbitacin B, D, E and bittulinic acid in Bacopa monnieri extract. Enrichment of active anticancer metabolites was done by polarity based fractionations of hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa. DCM fraction of a hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa showed anticancer potential against human cancer cell line (IC50 41.0-60.0 µg/mL) and in EAC treated mice (at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight). The anticancer activity of Bacopa may be due to the presence of bacosides and cucurbitacin and it was confirmed by in silico screening. Abbreviations used: DBM: DCM fraction of Bacopa monnieri; DCM: Dichloromethane; EAC: Ehrlich ascites carcinoma; HCT: Hematocrit; HGB: Hemoglobin; HPTLC: High performance thin layer chromatography; ICH: International council for Harmonisation; LOD: Limit of detection; LOQ: Limit of quantification; LYM: Lymphocytes; MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; MTT: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PLT: Platelet; RBC: Red blood cell; RDW: Red blood cell distribution width; RSD: Relative standard deviation; WBC: White blood cells.

The anticancer activity of the combination therapy of Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin encapsulated in a nanoemulsion

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug used for treatment of a wide variety of cancers. It is known to cause cardiotoxicity. Gemcitabine (GEM) is an anticancer drug, but it has certain limitations like short biological half-life. A new paradigm to improve DOX and GEM therapeutic index is to administer them in nanoparticles (NPs). Nanoemulsions (NEs) are well-characterized NPs drug carriers that have been broadly implemented in the delivery of anticancer therapeutics. In this study, the antitumor activity of the combination formulas of GEM and DOX, either loaded in water (GEM+DOX-Sol) or NEs (GEM+DOX/LNE), were evaluated in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing swiss albino mice. The anticancer assessment of the NEs formulas in 200 mice divided into 10 groups included the detection of the change in body weight, hematological and serum biochemical profiles and studying the histopathological alterations of the heart, liver and kidney tissues. Results showed that mice treated with GEM+DOX/LNE which has z-average 155.38 nm and zeta potential -38.5 mV, recorded a decrease in the mean tumor weight and significant increase in the cumulative mean survival time (MST), which was 60 days, as compared to the EAC control group, which has MST of 28 days. It also showed no significant changes in hematological and serum biochemical profiles compared to the normal group. In conclusion, the present study suggested that GEM treatment may significantly reduce cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in EAC-bearing mice. Also, GEM enhances the antitumor properties of DOX by increasing its inhibitory effect on tumor growth.

Chemopreventive effect of leflunomide against Ehrlich's solid tumor grown in mice: Effect on EGF and EGFR expression and tumor proliferation.

i) The current study aimed to examine the effect of leflunomide on tumoral expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptor (EGFR) in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) grown in mice. ii) Mice were injected subcutaneously with EAC cells and allocated into four groups; Group i: EAC control group. Groups ii-iv: mice treated with leflunomide (3, 10 or 30mg/kg/day, p.o.), respectively. Pharmacologic treatments were initiated at day 8 and continued for 14days. iii) Treatment with leflunomide evoked antitumor properties as indicated by reduction in tumor mass, histopathological score, number of intratumoral PCNA immunopositive nuclei. Leflunomide (3, 10 or 30mg/kg) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect as indicated by the reduction in serum tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, leflunomide demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity which was expressed as a decline in serum vascular endothelial growth factor and down-regulation of intratumoral EGF protein and mRNA expression as well as EGFR expression in addition to suppression of immunostaining for the endothelial marker, CD31. iv) Taken together, the present results demonstrated that leflunomide possessed anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity against EAC solid tumors that might be correlated to down regulation of EGF and EGFR. Further, the current data indicated that leflunomide may have utility in the management of human cancer.

Antitumor Potential of Thevetia peruviana on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma-Bearing Mice.

Methanol extracts of Thevetia peruviana (METP) (Apocynaceae) fruit showed antitumor activity against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line in Swiss albino mice. The METP-treated group's tumor volume, tumor weight, and viable cell count were decreased compared to the EAC control group. Tumor volumes were 3.62±0.12 ml, 2.88±0.23 ml, and 1.34±0.17 ml for the EAC control group and the METP-treated groups (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Nonviable cell counts were 4.44%±0.42%, 18.57%±3.07%, and 68.12%±5.32% in the EAC control group and the METP-treated groups (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight), respectively. METP-treated EAC cell-bearing mice had an increased life span (48.69% and 83.78%) compared to the EAC control group. Hematological and serum biochemical profiles were restored to normal levels in METP-treated mice compared to the EAC control group. METP significantly (P<0.001) decreased lipid peroxidation and recovered reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase toward normal levels compared to the EAC control group. In summary, METP exhibited remarkable antitumor activity in Swiss albino mice, which is plausibly attributable to its augmentation of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms.

Influence of Honey on Immune Status in Mice-Bearing Ehrlich Carcinoma

Honey is currently the focus of many research projects due to its varied biological activities including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic effects. In the current study antitumor effect of coriander honey was investigated in mature mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) with special reference to immune status. Coriander honey (500 mg/kg) caused decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count, and caused increase in non-viable cell count and mean survival time thereby increasing life span of EAC bearing mice. The study of the effect of honey on immunological status in mice bearing Ehrlich carcinoma showed that the levels of immunoglobulin M, G and A were increased following the administration of coriander honey. It was also clear that coriander honey increased the phagocytic activity in mice bearing Ehrlich carcinoma. There was reduction in the stimulation indices of lymphocyte transformation of mice bearing Ehrlich carcinoma. Delayed hypersensitivity skin test revealed that the Ehrlich carcinoma reduced the reaction after 72 hours post inoculation with bovine serum albumin. The administration of honey caused the rise in skin thickness as shown in Ehrlich carcinoma and subsequently treated with coriander honey with a rise of 0.61 mm as compared with 0.52 mm in EAC control group. The skin thickness in coriander honey group was the highest among all groups with 0.90 mm thickness. Based on these results, it can be concluded that coriander honey exhibited antitumor effect by modulating cell mediated immune response and immunoglobulin levels, in EAC bearing mice.

Anticancer Effect of dl-Glyceraldehyde and 2-Deoxyglucose in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice and Their Effect on Liver, Kidney and Haematological Parameters.

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Compounds that inhibit glycolysis have potential applications in cancer treatment. dl-glyceraldehyde (DLG) and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been proven effective in the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) in 10-12weeks old Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 30g. The anticancer activity of DLG and 2-DG were determined by tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, average survival time, percentage increase in life span and tumor inhibition ratio. The blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis after 9days of treatment to study the effect on liver, kidney and haematological parameters. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney was also performed. One-way ANOVA test and Dunnett's test were used for comparisons of parameters in study groups. Both DLG and 2-DG individually decreased the tumor weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cell count and significantly increased the life span of treated mice, however the combination was found to be better. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions and haematological parameters were restored close to control group as compared with the EAC bearing mice. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney in EAC control group showed large areas of necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration but such changes were not observed in liver and kidney sections observed after i.p injection of DLG and 2-DG for 9days. Improvement was much better in the group where combination of these two drugs were used.

Shatavarins (containing Shatavarin IV) with anticancer activity from the roots of Asparagus racemosus

Objectives:The anticancer activity of shatavarins (containing shatavarin IV) isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus (Wild) was evaluated using in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Material and Methods:The shatavarin IV was isolated from ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (AR-2B) of chloroform:methanol (2:1) (AR-2) extract of A. racemosus roots. The cytotoxicity (in vitro) of shatavarin IV and other shatavarins rich fraction was carried out using of MTT assay using MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma), and A-498 (human kidney carcinoma) cell lines. The in vivo anticancer activity of shatavarins (containing shatavarin IV) was evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor bearing mice.Results:The isolated shatavarin IV (84.69 %) along with shatavarins rich fraction, coded AR-2B containing 5.05% shatavarin IV showed potent cytotoxicity. Oral administration of AR-2B to tumor bearing mice at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 10 days, showed significant reduction in percent increase in body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable tumor cell count, and increased non-viable cell count when compared to the untreated mice of the EAC control group. The restoration of hematological parameters towards normalcy was also observed.Conclusion:The result suggests that the shatavarins (containing shatavarin IV) rich fraction (AR-2B) exhibits significant anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Anticancer Activity of Bacoside A from Whole Plant of &lt;i&gt;Bacopa Monnieiri&lt;/i&gt; (Linn)

Problem statement: Natural products have long been a fertile source of cure for cancer, which is projected to become the major cause of death in this century. Major classes of anticancer compounds include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and lignans. We have chosen terpenoids (bacosides) because terpenoids like taxol are currently being used in cancer chemotherapy. The anticancer activity of Bacoside A (containing Bacoside A3) isolated from the whole plant of plant Bacopa monnieiri (Linn.) was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Approach: The Bacoside A was isolated from ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (BM-2B) of chloroform: Methanol (2: 1) (BM-2) extract of B. monnieiri whole plant. The cytotoxicity (in vitro) of Bacoside A (BM2BF8-BSD) was carried out by means of MTT assay using MCF-7 (Human breast cancer), HT-29 (Human colon adeno carcinoma) and A-498 (Human kidney carcinoma) cell lines. The in vivo anticancer activity of Bacoside A was evaluated against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) tumor bearing mice. Results: The Bacoside A (31.38 %) rich fraction, coded BM-2B containing Bacoside A3 (8.09 %) was showing potent cytotoxicity. Oral administration of BM-2B to tumor bearing mice at the dose of 250 and 500 mg kg-1 body weight for 10 days, showed significant reduction in percent increase in body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable tumor cell count and increased non-viable cell count when compared to the untreated mice of the EAC control group. The restoration of hematological parameters towards normalcy was also observed. Conclusion: The results suggests that the Bacoside A (31.38 % Bacoside A containing 8.09 % Bacoside A3) rich fraction (BM-2B) exhibits significant anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.

Study of the antitumor potential of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) used in Brazilian folk medicine

Aim of the study Bidens pilosa (L.) (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil for treating conditions that can be related to cancer. Therefore the present study was carried out to evaluate the antitumor activity of extracts obtained from the aerial parts of this plant species. Materials and Methods The crude hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) (water:alcohol, 6:4) and solvent fractions (chloroform = CHCl 3 ,ethyl acetate = EtOAc, methanol = MeOH) were assessed for cytotoxicity assay by the brine shrimp and hemolytic, MTT and NRU assays. The antiproliferative potential of the crude extract and fractions was investigated in vivo using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in isogenic Balb/c mice that were administered intraperitoneally 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight per day for nine days beginning 24 h after tumor inoculation. Results In in vitro cytotoxicity using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell line assay CHCl 3 extract proved to be more toxic than the crude HAE with an IC 50 of 97 ± 7.2 and 83 ± 5.2 μg/mL to NRU and MTT, respectively. Histomorphological evaluations indicated that the treatment with CHCl 3 and HAE extracts significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) body weight, abdominal circumference, tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count, when compared to EAC control group. Furthermore, nonviable tumor cell count increased significantly ( P < 0.01) only under treatment with CHCl 3 or HAE, and this was accompanied by a marked percentage increase in life span (54.2 and 41.7%, respectively). Biochemical assays revealed that CHCl 3 and HAE extracts were also able to decrease serum LDH activity (39.5 and 30.6%) and GSH concentration (94.6 and 50.7%) in ascitic fluid, respectively. Conclusion The chloroform fraction showed the best and methanolic the worst antitumor activity.