Chihrinima, an illustrated Persian language weekly edited by Mirza Abd al-Muhammad Mu'addab al-Sultan Isfahani Irani was founded in 1904 in Alexandria but relocated to Cairo the following year. Mu'addab al-Sultan was born in Isfahan in 1289 A.H. (1872 A.D.) and grew up under the tyrannical rule of Zill al-Sultan (the son of Nasir al-Din Shah and governor of Isfahan). Mu'addab al-Sultan's early education was in a girl's maktab.' In 1310 A.H. (1892 A.D.), he left Isfahan on business ventures to Shiraz, Bushehr, India, then back to Iran and on to Russia. In 1320 A.H. (1902 A.D.) he decided to go to the U.S., but upon passing through Egypt, he changed his plans and decided to stay. Chihrinima was designed to be of interest to the general public and this may account for its long life, a span of sixty-two years (1904-1966). Like many other Iranian emigrant papers, Chihrinima was prohibited in Iran during the reign of Muhammad Ali Shah (1907-1909), a period referred to as the period of 'Minor Despotism'. Subsequently this ban was lifted and, as the letters from readers and correspondents indicate, it was popular all over Iran and in Iranian communities in India, Iraq, Turkey, and other countries. Under the direction of its founder and first editor, Chihrinima tried to play a political and social role. Its impact was negligible. It remained, for the most part, a community paper. The editorials advocated unity of the Islamic world to ward off aggressive foreign elements, economic sanctions such as boycotts against foreign aggressors, a sound educational system, and jobs for the workers to prevent 'bloody revolutions'. Its second editor, Manuchihr Mu'addab-zada, emphasised sound education and the psychology of child rearing. Chihrinima provided a platform for those Iranians who wished to voice their thoughts, grievances and complaints. Reading their letters in Chihrinima provides clues to the educational and cultural actilities of Iranians abroad. One of the most important contributions of Chihrinima is that its pages marked, step by step, the history of the Iranian community in Egypt fromf 1904-1966. The information gathered from this community paper is very valuable in that it reflects the characters and activities of the members of that community and offers a clear picture of a typical Iranian emigrant settlement in action. Before exploring the origin of the Iranian community in Egypt, a few facts should be mentioned about the conditions existing in Egypt at the turn of the century. First this study will examine the factors that attracted the Iranians, and foreigners in general, to that country. The time of Muhammad Ali Pasha (1803-1849) is referred to as the period of modern Egypt because attempts at Westernization in that country began