Egg White Research Articles

Bioactive Biphasic Calcium Phosphate–Egg White–Nanosilica–Gelatin Composites Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration via Synergistic Mechanisms: An Integrated Structural, Mechanical, and Computational Study

Bioactive Biphasic Calcium Phosphate–Egg White–Nanosilica–Gelatin Composites Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration via Synergistic Mechanisms: An Integrated Structural, Mechanical, and Computational Study

Acute typical food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome triggered by egg white

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. Since 2018, hen’s egg yolk has been the most common trigger for FPIES in Japan, whereas typical egg white (TEW) FPIES remains rare. Herein, we present two cases of acute TEW FPIES in young children. A 17-month-old girl experienced recurrent vomiting and lethargy following egg white ingestion, despite previously tolerating half an egg yolk and 5 g of egg white. Initial tests showed no sensitization markers (egg white-specific IgE < 0.1 kUA/L; ovomucoid [OVM]-specific IgE < 0.1 kUA/L; skin prick test [SPT] negative). Three oral food challenges (OFCs) at 6-month intervals at our hospital all triggered vomiting and lethargy. Procalcitonin and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine levels remained elevated for 24 hours, and even after 31 months, the patient had not achieved egg white tolerance. A 14-month-old girl presented with vomiting and lethargy after egg white ingestion while on a strict egg yolk- and egg white-free diet. Blood tests again showed no sensitization markers (egg white-specific IgE < 0.1 kUA/L; OVM-specific IgE < 0.1 kUA/L; SPT negative). Two OFCs at 6-month intervals confirmed FPIES, and even after 2 years, the patient had not achieved egg white tolerance. These cases highlight that egg white can trigger FPIES. Thorough medical history taking and diagnostic evaluation, including OFCs, are essential to distinguish FPIES from immediate-type food allergies.

Developing egg white gel: Unlocking superior mechanical properties and 3D printing potential with silicate nanosheets.

Developing egg white gel: Unlocking superior mechanical properties and 3D printing potential with silicate nanosheets.

Effects of dietary protein-oxidized soybean meal and quercetin on gel properties, microstructure, molecular structure and proteomics of egg white in laying hens.

Effects of dietary protein-oxidized soybean meal and quercetin on gel properties, microstructure, molecular structure and proteomics of egg white in laying hens.

Purification of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies from Transgenic Chicken Eggs and Removal of Egg-White Proteins.

The high cost and limited scalability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production necessitate the development of alternative systems. Transgenic chickens offer a promising platform for recombinant mAb production; however, efficient purification methods remain underexplored. This study investigated the initial purification of recombinant mAbs from transgenic chicken egg whites. We utilized Protein A chromatography, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography, to improve the purification efficiency. Although Protein A chromatography was able to purify mAbs, there was substantial egg-white contamination. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography successfully removed 84.6 and 93.8% of egg-white proteins, respectively, enhancing mAb purification efficiency. Overall, this study proposes an efficient method for initial mAb purification from transgenic chicken egg whites, providing a basis to develop a scalable, cost-effective biopharmaceutical production approach.

Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Regeneration Studies of CO2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon Impregnated With Waste‐Sourced Natural Amino Acids

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the CO2 adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic properties and regeneration efficiency of palm shell activated carbon (AC) impregnated with waste‐sourced natural amino acids from egg white (EW), namely, ACEW‐30. Initially, the performance of ACEW‐30 was compared with AC impregnated with fresh EW and synthetic amino acids using fixed‐bed adsorption system. The results revealed that ACEW‐30 prepared from waste sources demonstrated comparable performance with other adsorbents tested, suggesting its potential for waste valorisation. Afterwards, the data were fitted to various adsorption isotherm models, namely, Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Toth, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin, to characterise the adsorbate‐adsorbent interaction between CO2 molecules and ACEW‐30 at different adsorption temperatures (25–50°C) and CO2 partial pressures (0.15–0.30 vol.%). The isotherm results were used to evaluate thermodynamic properties using Van't Hoff and Clausius–Clapeyron equations. The effect of regeneration conditions (desorption temperatures and nitrogen purging flow rate) have also been investigated prior to cyclic adsorption–desorption experiments. Overall findings indicate that CO2 adsorption on ACEW‐30 was best fitted to Freundlich isotherm, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The isosteric heat of adsorption was within 20–24 kJ/mol, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism lies within the intermediate region between purely physical and purely chemical. Remarkably, the results obtained from regeneration studies reveal that ACEW‐30 exhibited high regeneration stability at 25°C and 800 mL/min purging flow rate, with more than 87% efficiency even after 20 cyclic adsorption–desorption.

Analysis of inhalant and food allergen-specific IgE in a children's hosipital in Suzhou City from 2017 to 2024

To investigate the distribution of common inhalant and food allergens test results in children in Suzhou by gender, age and disease group, and to analyse the changes in allergen distribution in the different years, to provide theoretical guidance for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of children's allergic diseases in Suzhou City. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the 2 736 children (1 654 males and 1 082 females) who were diagnosed and tested serum content of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibodies to inhalant and food allergens in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between October 2017 and June 2024. The allergen sIgE positive rates epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test by grouping based on different year, gender, age and disease. The results showed that a total of 2 736 children screened for allergens, with an overall positive allergen sIgE rate of 73.06%(1 999/2 736), and the top five allergen sIgE positive rates were Dermatophagoides farinae (40.75%, 1 115/2 736), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38.78%, 1 061/2 736), milk (34.65%, 948/2 736), egg whites (32.68%, 894/2 736) and molds and yeasts mixes (mx2) (24.82%, 679/2 736). The positive rates of food allergen sIgE were higher in the 2017-2019 (60.46%, 370/612) than the 2020-2022 (53.79%, 149/227) and after the 2023-2024 (48.46%, 895/1 847) (χ²=27.059,P<0.001); The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were lower in the 2017-2019 (40.03%, 245/612) than the 2020-2022 (52.71%, 146/227) and the 2023-2024 (56.04%, 1 035/1 847)(χ²=47.223, P<0.001). The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE in males (54.96%, 909/1 654) were higher than those in females (47.78%, 517/1 082) (χ²=13.497, P<0.001). The total positive rate for the food allergen sIgE was highest at 1-3 years of age (67.55%, 589/872) and then gradually decreased with age (χ²=194.095, P<0.001); The total positive rate of inhaled allergen sIgE was lowest at the age of less than 1 year (8.33%, 22/206) and then gradually increased with age (χ²=300.329, P<0.001). The positive rates of food allergen sIgE, in descending order from high to low were asthma (59.40%), atopic dermatitis and eczema (48.10%), other groups (48.02%), allergic rhinitis (45.73%) and urticaria (40.00%); The positive rates of inhaled allergen sIgE were asthma (71.05%), allergic rhinitis (63.57%), atopic dermatitis and eczema (62.17%), urticaria (40.00%) and other groups (49.76%), and the difference between disease subgroups were statistically significant(χ² were 64.841 and 19.055, P<0.05). In conclusion, the top four allergen sIgE positive rates for children in the Suzhou area were Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, milk and egg white. Total sIgE positive rates for food allergens decreased progressively in the 2017-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023-2024, and total positive rates for inhalant allergens increased progressively in the 2017-2019, 2020-2022 and 2023-2024. The distribution of allergen positive varies with gender, age and disease.

Scientific analysis and conservation stragety of contemporary artworks made from food ingredients

This study scientifically analyzed the materials in Lee Ungno’s Composition (1967), which includes gochujang and rice grains used in prison, to establish durable conservation methods. The support material was identified as hard pine, while the red-colored layers consisted of epoxy resin and gochujang. The adhesive securing the wooden pieces was composed of rice grains, the translucent bottom layer contained egg whites, and the yellow layer included eggshells. Scientific analysis revealed additional ingredients due to decomposition, microbial damage, and contamination. By comparing control materials with interviews and historical records, we estimated the specific food ingredients used. This study provides essential insights into the conservation of contemporary food-based artworks and contributes to future conservation strategies for similar works.

Prediction model of albumen index and height in Japanese quail eggs via external quality characteristics

This study used multiple regression analysis to estimate the relationships between egg albumen index and height and external quality traits of eggs in Japanese quails. Egg albumen index and height were selected as dependent variables, while egg weight, width, length, shape index and Haugh unit were determined as independent variables. In the multiple regression analysis, although the overall fit of the model was high, it was determined that there were multicollinearity problem among the independent variables. To solve this problem, the Principal Components Regression (PCR) method, which is widely used in the literature, was applied. With this method, the following regression equations were obtained, respectively, by using egg weight (X1, Z1), width (X2, Z2), length (X3, Z3), shape index (X4, Z4) and Haugh unit (X5, Z5) variables in estimating albumen index and height: Y ̂=(-19.95) ̂-(0.02) ̂X_1-(0.22) ̂X_2-(0.03) ̂X_3+(0.01) ̂X_4+(0.43) ̂X_5+e ̂ T ̂=(-13.21) ̂+(0.09) ̂Z_1+(0.03) ̂Z_2-(0.004) ̂Z_3-(0.005) ̂Z_4+(0.18) ̂Z_5+e ̂ The regression equations obtained were found to be statistically significant (P&amp;lt;0.05) and the goodness of fit of the models were determined as Detaermination coefficient (R²) = 0.86 and 0.99, respectively. Principal Components Regression (PCR) method reduced the errors caused by multicollinearity problem by decreasing the standard errors of the parameters and increased the accuracy of the model. The results show that Principal Components Regression (PCR) method effectively solved the multicollinearity problem and ensured the reliability of the model by increasing the prediction accuracy. These findings reveal that Principal Components Regression (PCR) method can be used effectively in poultry breeding and selection studies.

Prediction of internal egg quality traits of Potchefstroom Koekoek and Lohmann Brown layers using classification and regression tree method

Abstract. Egg quality traits are features of eggs that influence the general quality of the egg. This study aimed to establish models for the prediction of albumen weight and yolk weight in Potchefstroom Koekoek and Lohmann Brown layers with a classification and regression tree (CART) decision methods. The Pearson's correlation findings displayed that the albumen weight had a positively high remarkable (P&lt;0.01) association with the egg weight, egg width and yolk weight, while yolk weight had a positively high significant (P&lt;0.01) relationship with the egg weight and albumen weight in Potchefstroom Koekoek. In Lohmann Brown, the albumen weight had a positively high remarkable (P&lt;0.01) association with the egg weight, egg width and egg length, while yolk weight had a positively high significant (P&lt;0.01) relationship with the egg weight, egg width and egg length. The CART method produced good models for predicting the albumen weight, with R2 of 0.94 and 0.96, and yolk weight, with R2 of 0.93 and 0.92, in Potchefstroom Koekoek and Lohmann Brown layers, respectively. The egg weight was shown to be the best leading predictor of albumen and yolk weight in both breeds. This study suggests that CART decision methods might assist in determining the breed standards of Lohmann Brown and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds in order for breeding programmes to improve their egg production. In conclusion, albumen weight and yolk weight can be improved best with enhancement of the egg weight.

Advanced healing potential of simple natural hydrogel loaded with sildenafil in combating infectious wounds.

Advanced healing potential of simple natural hydrogel loaded with sildenafil in combating infectious wounds.

Factors associated with egg aversion after a negative oral food challenge result in children with egg allergies: A multicenter questionnaire survey in Japan.

Factors associated with egg aversion after a negative oral food challenge result in children with egg allergies: A multicenter questionnaire survey in Japan.

Salted egg white derived-peptides VF-4 and DR-8 improve DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and modulating gut microbiota composition

Salted egg white derived-peptides VF-4 and DR-8 improve DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and modulating gut microbiota composition

Regulatory effects of the bidirectional crosstalk between hepatic gene expressions and gut microbiota on the productive performances and egg quality of induced molting treated layer hens.

Regulatory effects of the bidirectional crosstalk between hepatic gene expressions and gut microbiota on the productive performances and egg quality of induced molting treated layer hens.

Impact of chronic heat stress in broiler breeders on egg quality, hatchability, and day old chick quality.

Impact of chronic heat stress in broiler breeders on egg quality, hatchability, and day old chick quality.

Relationships between eggshell quality parameters and albumen lysozyme activity of eggs in local amateur chickens

Abstract The aims of the study were (1) to compare eggshell quality parameters and enzymatic activity of lysozyme in the albumen of eggs obtained from local amateur chickens; (2) to evaluate correlations between eggshell quality parameters and lysozyme activity and content. The study was carried out on eggs collected from two age groups of three local amateur chicken populations: Polish Liliputy Bantams (PLB), native Polish Crested Chickens (PCr, CP-22 strain) and Gold Laced Polish Chickens (GLP). A total of 135 PLB, 75 PCr and 75 GLP chickens were kept on litter in an experimental station. Using appropriate research equipment, the physical quality parameters of the eggshell and the content and activity of lysozyme were determined. Differences were observed among these populations in some physical eggshell parameters and overall elastic deformation of eggs. On the other hand, shell strength was similar among the three populations. In addition, differences were found in lysozyme content and activity in the albumen, with higher values recorded for white eggs than for cream-colored eggs. Positive monotonic relationships were estimated between eggshell strength and shell weight, proportion of shell in the egg, and shell thickness. The variability of eggshell color parameters and age-related values of Spearman’s correlation coefficients between these parameters and shell strength indicate that non-invasive measurement of shell color can be used to predict egg resistance to damage only for the GLP population.

The synergistic effects of NaOH and NaCl on the gel properties, digestive characteristics, and product quality of salted preserved egg white.

The synergistic effects of NaOH and NaCl on the gel properties, digestive characteristics, and product quality of salted preserved egg white.

Mechanism on the regulation of liquid egg white protein foam behavior by heat treatment.

Mechanism on the regulation of liquid egg white protein foam behavior by heat treatment.

Proteomic analysis of egg white proteins under different crude protein levels in laying hens' diets

Abstract BACKGROUNDDietary crude protein levels (DCPLs) have been shown to influence the quality of egg albumen, but the molecular implications of different DCPLs on the protein profile of albumen remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic changes in the albumen of eggs from laying hens fed a corn–soybean meal‐based diet with two different DCPLs (14.5% or 17.5%) to uncover the subtle proteomic variation in response to fluctuation of DCPLs.RESULTSThe egg weight and albumen quality of the DCPL14.5 group were lower than those of the DCPL17.5 group (P &lt; 0.05). Proteomic analysis using two‐dimensional electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry identified 22 protein spots from seven different protein families with significant changes in abundance (P &lt; 0.05). Sixteen proteins, including ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovomucoid, and ovoinhibitor precursor, were present at low levels in DCPL14.5, and most of them had higher molecular weights than theoretical. The abundance of clusterin, ovoglobulin, and lipocalins increased; this may therefore be responsible for the decrease in albumen height and protein content in DCPL14.5.CONCLUSIONDCPL14.5 diet downregulated 16 functional proteins such as ovalbumin and ovotransferrin and upregulated six regulatory factors such as clustered protein, resulting in a decrease in egg weight, albumen height, and protein content. The shifted molecular weight of ovalbumin implied ovalbumin polymer or modification, which would worsen egg white quality. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Ovalbumin-specific regulatory T cells differentiated from the naïve phenotype (CD44loCD62Lhi) in mesenteric lymph nodes stably suppress enteropathy even in severe food-allergic mice.

Impaired expansion, stability, and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are reported in patients with severe allergy. Transfer of Tregs is a potential means of treating severe food allergy; however, methods to obtain allergen-specific Tregs with stable regulatory activities are needed. To achieve our goal, we examined the characteristics of allergen-specific Tregs by comparing two mouse strains transgenic for the ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell receptor gene: Rag23-3 and RagD10 mice (OVA23-3 and DO11.10 crossed with Rag2 knockout mice, respectively). RagD10 is a tolerant model, whereas Rag23-3 shows severe allergy when fed egg white (EW). To examine the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ Tregs (induced Tregs; iTregs), CD4+ T cells or whole cells from mesenteric lymph nodes or spleens were cultured under Treg-polarization conditions and stimulated with either a combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies or OVA plus antigen-presenting cells. After stimulation with the antibodies, iTregs were induced at comparable levels from CD4+ T cells from untreated Rag23-3 and RagD10 mice. Transfer of the resultant iTregs from untreated Rag23-3 mice suppressed allergic responses in EW-fed Rag23-3 mice. In contrast, stimulation with OVA plus antigen-presenting cells prevented the differentiation of iTregs from CD4+ T cells from untreated Rag23-3 mice, suggesting that OVA-induced T-cell receptor signaling inhibits effective Treg differentiation. Furthermore, antibody-mediated differentiation afforded significantly more iTregs differentiation of naïve (CD44loCD62Lhi) CD4+ T cells than of effector/effector memory (CD44hiCD62Llo) T cells isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of EW-fed Rag-23-3 mice. Excessive production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by CD4+ T cells from EW-fed Rag23-3 mice significantly inhibited Treg induction in RagD10 mice, suggesting the severe allergic cytokine milieu likely prevents their differentiation. However, our study showed that allergen-specific Tregs with regulatory activity can be obtained from naïve CD4+ T cells from the intestinal immune system of mice even with severe allergy.