Local Government Efforts Research Articles

The Impact Of Fiscal And Monetary Policy On Economic Performance

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of: (1) government spending on economic growth in Indonesia, (2) taxes on growth in Indonesia, (3) money supply on economic growth in Indonesia and (4) interest rates on economic growth . This study used the Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) analysis tool method. The dependent variable in this study is economic growth. While the independent variables in this study are government spending, taxes, money supply and interest rates. The results of the study conclude that (1) government spending has a significant and positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (2) taxes have a significant and positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (3) the money supply also has no positive effect on economic growth in Indonesia. (4) interest rates have no effect on economic growth in Indonesia and are negative. Based on these results, the policy that can be suggested by the Government of Indonesia is the need for local government efforts or policy makers to increase government spending (Fiscal Expansion Policy). The government is expected to be able to regulate the appropriate tax allocation so as not to undermine consumers' purchasing power. Central Government and Bank Indonesia in order to maintain liquidity or availability of money in the economy in Indonesia. The government together with the banking sector, especially Bank Indonesia, should maintain a healthy interest rate so that it does not have an impact on reducing investor interest in investing.

치유와 희망을 지향하는 지역문화콘텐츠 활성화방안 - 대구 근대골목투어 ‘성모당’을 중심으로 -

Local governments in each city in Korea are trying to develop cultural tourism programs at various levels, such as holding festivals using local specialties to revitalize tourism. However, the Modern Alley Tour of Daegu Metropolitan City has an uniqueness that it was started as a civilian-led civic culture movement apart from the efforts of local governments. However, despite the fact that the Modern Alley Tour is considered a successful example of a downtown revitalization project using historical and cultural contents, the place such as Seongmodang has not yet received adequate attention. Although the Seongmodang is a historical and cultural heritage built in 1918, it is not widely publicized due to its religious colors. Therefore, this thesis seeks to find a way to revitalize the Seongmodang, which has not yet received adequate attention among the fifth course of the Modern Alley Tour, as a local cultural content that aims for healing and hope. To this end, firstly, the birth process of the Modern Alley Tour was examined. Then this paper focused on the possibility of the storytelling of healing and hope with Korean style by comparing the Holy Land of Lourdes, which has been attracting many tourists regardless of religions and has had a deep connection with the Daegu Seongmodang, with the Daegu Seongmodang.

Analysis of The Effort of The Local Government in Improving Education in Hasang Village

Education is the foundation of hope for improving the quality of human resources. Children are the main priority in education, because they will be the successors of the nation and religion. Education is a human right as well as a means to realize other human rights. As an enabling right, education is the main target through which adults and especially children who are economically and socially marginalized can lift themselves out of poverty and find ways to be involved in their communities, because education plays an important role in empowering women, protecting children from hazardous work and sexual exploitation. The encouragement factor from family, environment, and teachers is very influential in the spirit of taking education in Hasang Village. In Hasang Village, there are some parents who still lack awareness of the importance of education, plus the damaged road access in this village reduces the enthusiasm of the residents in taking education to a higher level. The purpose of this study is to analyze the local government's efforts to improve education in Hasang Village. This research is descriptive using survey and observation methods. So it can be concluded that the government.

Local Government Strategies in Improving the Quality of Public Services in Muara Ponaq Village Office, Siluq Ngurai District, Kutai Barat

The main problem of this research is the strategy of the Local Government in Improving Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency. The sub-problems are 1) the Local Government's Strategy for Improving the Quality of Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency, and 2) the Supporting and Inhibiting Factors of the Local Government in Public Services in Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency. The research design is classified as a qualitative descriptive study with a management approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary. The data was collected by using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, presentation, comparative analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that the local government's efforts in improving the quality of public services at the Muara Ponaq office, Siluq Ngurai District, West Kutai Regency, included adjusting to the Muara Ponaq village regulation concerning the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJM Desa) 2016- 2022 CHAPTER V and trying to meet the quality dimensions services at the Muara Ponaq local government, which is a servant of the Muara Ponaq community, in particular, continues to strive to improve the welfare of the community from all aspects, one of which is the religious/spiritual aspects of the community. The supporting factors of the local government in improving the quality of public services at the Muara Ponaq government office, Siluq Ngurai District, and West Kutai Regency are the professional work of the staff, cohesiveness between government members, and the completeness of equipment in the local government office. The inhibiting factor for the local government in improving public services at the Muara Ponaq office, Siluq Ngurai District, and West Kutai Regency is assistance to the community, which is limited in number, and employee salaries which are obtained every six months. The implications of this research are delivered to the local government in carrying out its duties as a public service to maintain professionalism and carry out the rules that have been set to improve public services and welfare. With some obstacles in serving the community, it is hoped that the local government can deal with them and find a way to answer society's challenges.

Komparasi Metode Simple Addtive Weighting dan Weight Product Menggunakan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan pada Penerimaan BLT

Direct cash assistance is a program of local government efforts to deal with problems that occur in underprivileged families. This program is sought so that the community has less impact on economic growth and welfare. The methode used this system is.the.Simple Addtive Weighting (SAW) and Weight Product (WP) methods. Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) is a decision making process which in the process adds up the weights of the performance appraisal on all alternative attributes. While the Weight Product (WP) method is an analyst decision.methode for a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) or multi - criteria decision making (MCDM). The existence of a comparison between the two methods is expected to help better select residents in receiving BLT so that they are more targeted. In this study resulted in a system to determine the citizens who are entitled to receive BLT, based on the result the study. Comparison of the SAW and WP methods using 20 alternative data, shows that the second method gets accurate data and is suitable if applied as a ranking of citizens in BLT receipts. In the ranking occupied by Burhan by getting the highest score on the 2 methods, there is an equal ranking of the 2 methods caused by the alternative performance scores, and the weight value of the first criterion in each method. Results Based on the research, is it recommended to use the SAW method to determine the ranking, cause the Ievel of suitability of.the.data in the field is higher than the WP found 99.40 WP found 99.20%.

Do Age-Friendly Community Policy Efforts Matter in China? An Analysis Based on Five-Year Developmental Plan for Population Aging.

(1) Background: The study will examine whether local governments’ policy efforts on age-friendly communities (AFC) promote older adults’ social participation in China. The extensive scope of AFC makes measuring policy efforts very challenging. The study attempts to introduce the developmental planning and goal-setting theory in public policy literature to answer this question. (2) Methods: We look at the Eleventh Five-Year Developmental Plan for Population Aging in subnational governments and CHARLS (the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) baseline dataset from 2011, with data on policy strength and social participation of older adults. By using multilevel linear models, we regress social participation at the individual level on the policy strength of age-friendly communities at the provincial level. (3) Results: The results show that policy strength on AFC does vary substantially among provinces within China. And the interaction between policy strength of physical environment of local governments and community infrastructures is positively associated with social participation of rural older adults in China. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that policy efforts of local governments on the physical environment of age-friendly communities have effectively promoted the social participation of rural older adults in China. Policy makers could integrate physical infrastructures into their rural revitalization strategy to improve the wellbeing of Chinese older adults.

Identifikasi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam Membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kecamatan Cibiru Kota Bandung

Land and Building Tax is a regional tax that has the largest contribution to regional development. The decreasing level of compliance in paying taxes and not achieving the realization of Land and Building Tax receipts are the problems found in this study. This study aims to determine the level of taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax in Cibiru District, Bandung City, the obstacles encountered and the efforts made by the Regional Government. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results show that in the 2018-2020 range, taxpayer compliance in Cibiru District, Bandung City can be said to be quite obedient based on the realization of Land and Building Tax receipts for the last 3 years even though it always does not reach the target to be achieved. The obstacles found are that there are still taxpayers who do not pay taxes on time, and do not report changes in the subject or object of the tax to the tax officer. The local government's efforts are conducting socialization, putting up banners at road points, applying to attach proof of land and building taxes in full each time they will carry out government administration services to the Kelurahan, as well as an integrated operation program to make it easier for the community to pay Land and Building Tax.

Geleneksel Sokak Karakterini Oluşturan Fiziksel Bileşenlerin Bahtiyar Yokuşu ve Hacı Osman Sokak Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi

Hızlı nüfus artışı, sanayileşme, sosyal yaşam koşullarındaki değişimler, bilinçsiz müdahale ve restorasyonlar, koruma amaçlı imar planlarının yetersiz olması ve hızlı teknolojik gelişmeler kentlerde bir kimlik kargaşasının oluşmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu kontrolsüz kentleşme ve yenidünya şartlarına uyum sağlama çabası sonucunda kentlerin mekânsal kimliğini yansıtan dokularda tahribatlar yaşanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak kentlerimizin geleneksel sokak dokuları da bozulma eğilimine girmektedir. Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokaklarında da bu bozulma gözlenebilir. Son yıllarda kimlik kavramının gündemde olması ile, yerel yönetimlerin kentlerin tarihini canlandırmak üzere yaptıkları çalışmalarda bir artış söz konusudur. Bu durum, geleneksel kentsel mekân ve konutların koruma ve onarım çalışmalarına görsel ve kültürel açıdan daha anlaşılabilir olmasını sağlayan diğer fiziksel bileşenlerin dâhil edilmesi gerekliliğini arttırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokaklarının en belirgin iki örneği olan Bahtiyar Yokuşu ve Hacı Osman Sokak karakterlerinin oluşumuna katkıda bulunan fiziksel bileşenlerin ve niteliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Öncelikle çalışma kapsamında, sokakların karakterini belirleyen fiziksel bileşenler hakkında detaylı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu taramalarda, konut-avlu/bahçe-sokak düzeninin geleneksel sokak karakterini oluşturan bileşenler arasında en dışavurumcu unsurlar olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, araştırma alanının fiziksel bileşenlerinin nitelik ve nicelikleri belirlenmiştir. Son aşamada ise, geleneksel sokak dokusuna katkıda bulunan fiziksel bileşenlerin ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Kahramanmaraş’ın geleneksel sokak dokusunu tarihi konutlar şekillendirmekte olup bu dokuyu karakterize eden en önemli fiziksel bileşenin ise kapı (%86) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Mogan Gölü’nde (Türkiye) sediment tarama ertesi ağır metallerde ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi

The lake management strategy of sediment dredging (removal) is periodically undertaken in shallow, eutrophic Mogan Lake, an important recreation area. This study aims to use certain indices - enrichment index (EF), contamination/pollution index (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), pollution load index (PLI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (Eri), integrated ecological risk index (PER), and mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q) - to evaluate the state of sediment pollution in the lake after dredging. With this in mind, after dredging was completed, two stations in the littoral zone were selected. Station I was located especially where it would be reached by wastewater from mineral processing facilities and domestic areas; and Station II, where it would be reached by residential and agricultural wastewater. Surface sediment samples were taken repeatedly in May and November 2020 using a sediment grabber. According to the study findings, a) Among the heavy metals studied (Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn), Cu, As, and Cd were found to have the highest enrichment and contamination indices; b) The pollution load index (PLI) values (1.30-2.26) suggest heavy metal pollution in the sediment, and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values show intensive Pb contamination at both stations in both months; c) In terms of potential ecological risk index (Eri), Cd was found to have a significant level of ecological risk index; d) The integrated risk index (PER) indicates that all heavy metals in the lake were present at moderate ecological risk levels. Ni and As were metals that had negative biological effects. The results indicate that a) Dredging is not a very effective tool for reducing pollution in the sediment; and b) As long as anthropogenic pollutants continue to enter the lake basin, sediment heavy metal levels should be routinely monitored, particularly those with ecological and biological effects on the sediment: Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni and As. It is predicted that the findings of this study will contribute to the sediment-focused monitoring efforts of organizations and local governments.

Research on the Cooperation of Emergency Response Subjects for the Shortage of Urban Natural Gas Energy

This paper deals with the urgent problem of urban natural gas shortage. In order to improve emergency efficiency, enhance emergency efforts, and reduce urban disaster losses, the differential game theory is firstly applied for constructing a tripartite dynamic game model. Then, based on the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, the optimal effort degree, natural gas energy shortage, and maximum urban loss are obtained in three cases, i.e., spontaneous governance mode, superior dominant mode, and cooperative mode. The results show that the effort of provincial government, local government, and natural gas emergency enterprise is positively related to the emergency shadow, the impact of effort and natural gas energy attenuation coefficient of provincial government, local government, and enterprise, but it is negatively related to the emergency cost coefficient and the discount rate. From the perspective of emergency shortage and total urban loss, the government-enterprise cooperation mode turns out to be the best emergency mode, while the spontaneous governance mode remains the worst. At the same time, the government implements subsidies and incentives for nongovernmental organizations involved in emergency response, which is more conducive to the emergency of natural gas shortage in heavily suffering cities.

How to Regulate Carbon Emissions with Climate-Conscious Consumers

AbstractCarbon prices are the most cost-effective instrument to reduce CO$_2$ emissions, but there is strong political opposition to raising them to the efficient level. Therefore, additional efforts of consumers, firms and local governments are required. We study how different regulatory regimes affect moral behaviour and show that a carbon tax complements voluntary efforts to reduce emissions, while cap and trade discourages them. The opportunity to invest in offsets increases welfare, while the option to buy and delete emission rights induces more emissions and reduces welfare. Furthermore, cap and trade shifts the burden of adjustment to poor consumers and has dysfunctional incentive effects.

Architects of Markets: The Creation and Diffusion of the Bus Rapid Transit Market, 1969-1999

Delivering quality public services to cities’ inhabitants is an increasingly pressing issue. With limited resources to address citizens’ needs, local governments increasingly find the need to engage in entrepreneurship to develop novel solutions for old urban problems. However, we lack an understanding of the entrepreneurial efforts of local governments. Specifically, we lack an understanding of how local governments embrace urban entrepreneurialism to foster private market participation in urban development. We investigate this question through the case of the creation of the bus rapid transit market in Brazil. We develop a process model that explains how local governments architect the creation and diffusion of new markets through relational, material, and symbolic practices, and clarifies the connection between specific micro-institutional practices and market development over time. Our research contributes to the study of state entrepreneurship and market formation.

Study on Low-Carbon Technology Innovation Strategies through Government–University–Enterprise Cooperation under Carbon Trading Policy

This paper focuses on developing low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation in traditional enterprises under carbon trading policies. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Berman equation quantitatively investigates the coordination mechanism and optimal strategy of LCT innovation systems in conventional industries. A three-way dynamic differential game model is constructed to analyze three cases: the Nash disequilibrium game; the Stackelberg master–slave game; and the cooperative game with the optimal effort of universities, traditional enterprises, and local government, the optimal benefits of the three parties, the region, and the regional LCT level. The results are as follows: (1) by changing the government subsidy factor, carbon trading price, and carbon trading tax rate, the optimal effort of universities and traditional enterprises can be significantly increased; (2) cost-sharing contracts do not change the level of effort of local government to manage the environment, and the use of cost-sharing agreements can change the status of action of universities and enterprises; (3) the optimal effort, optimal benefit, and total system benefit of the three parties and the level of LCT of the industry in the cooperative game are better than those in the non-cooperative case. The combined game achieves the Pareto optimum of the system. The study will contribute to both sustainable business development and environmental sustainability.

A Review of the Provision on Capital Improvement in Ghana’s Local Real Estate Tax Manifesto

Although a potential to improve revenue mobilisation of local authorities, it is claimed Ghana’s local real estate tax provision on capital improvement is a penalty on land development. This work evaluates the claim in the context of equity and economic efficiency. Findings from the work support the claim. Compared with undeveloped lands particularly in cities, the tax is discriminatory to capital improvements, which situation could incentivise investment in undeveloped lands and be a potential cause for a lot of undeveloped lands, uncompleted and leap-frog developments in cities. It is also not neutral and diminishes the return on capital and the capacity of landlords to keep their buildings in constant repair thereby discouraging capital improvement on land. Coupled with factors like the current poor tax collection, this could affect the revenue mobilisation and socio-economic development efforts of local and central governments. Thus, the tax policy stands a plea for a reform.

Prevent Child Marriage by Improving Education in West Nusa Tenggara Through Sister Province Relations with Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland

This study aims to determine the local government's efforts to prevent child marriage by establishing foreign relations with other countries in education, in this case, the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland. This foreign relationship is carried out by NTB as an effort to increase human resources through education with a country with very good quality education, namely Poland. This research method is descriptive-qualitative with the concept of sister province and the concept of Para diplomacy, which provides space for local governments to conduct foreign relations with other countries. The technique of collecting data by conducting a literature study is by examining various secondary sources in the form of books, articles, official news, and online news that are relevant to this research. The data analysis technique is through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, then drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the existence of foreign relations in the context of sister provinces carried out by the Provinces of NTB, Indonesia, and Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland was initiated by the leaders of each province which then paved the way for educational cooperation between institutions in the two provinces. So that through this educational collaboration, the NTB Provincial Government can encourage the improvement of the quality of education which is expected to strengthen human development and prevent child marriage.

Inequity in inequity: Disproportional mortality risk in patients with cancer with COVID-19 in Brazil - a call to action

Inequity in inequity: Disproportional mortality risk in patients with cancer with COVID-19 in Brazil - a call to action

Pengaruh layanan kotak literasi cerdas terhadap minat baca masyarakat di Pangandaran

Introduction. The level of public interest reading in West Java, especially in Pangandaran Regency is in the low category, this is due to the lack of facilities that support public interest reading. One of the efforts of West Java local government to increase the public interest reading is by distributing Kotak Literasi Cerdas services or Kolecer to several districts and cities in West Java, including in Pangandaran Regency. This study aims to analyze the effect of library services, namely Kotak Literasi Cerdas or Kolecer on public interest reading in Pangandaran Regency.Methodology. This research is a quantitative study that shows the effect of variable X (Kolecer service) to variable Y (public interest reading). The population in this study amounted to 500 people, with a sample of 50 respondents. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires and observation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis and intervention statistical analysis, namely correlational analysis and simple linear regression. Results and discussion. This study indicates that there is a moderate positive effect between Kolecer services and public interest reading, which is 25.2%. In addition, several facilities from Kotak Literasi Cerdas service get an average mean value of 4.28.Conclusion. Reading interest influenced by the accessibility to books and other reading maerials. One of the public services offered is Kotak Literasi Cerdas which has proven to help communities build their reading interest.

Chasing Resilience for the Arts Sector : American Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on American society broadly and within that, arts were one of the hardest hit sectors. Amidst the ongoing trajectory of the pandemic, the concept of resilience became a frequent concern. This article examines the many dimensions and facets of resilience and provides snapshots and examples of many kinds of efforts that have been taken to foster and enhance resilience for the arts sector in the United States, with a focus on the case of New York City, arguably America’s cultural capital. The first section explores the scale and scope of the pandemic’s ongoing impact on individual artists and the NY arts sector. The second section provides an overview of key examples of how the arts sector itself sought to assist its members during the first year of the pandemic. It also explores key efforts of national, state, and local governments to provide survival and relief assistance to individual artists, arts organizations, and cultural industries. The final section looks at tentative reopening and recovery efforts, including rethinking norms, expectations and practices as resilience begins to move toward adaptation and sustainability. It concludes with observations on future challenges in cultivating and finding resilience.

Implementation Of A Capital Provision Policy For Common Fishermen Through People’s Business Credit Fund

This research aims to explore the implementation of micro business loans (KUR) for fishermen in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh, the obstacles fishermen face in gaining access to KUR, and the local government's efforts to improve fishermen's access to financial and financial aid. Article 61 paragraph 1, of Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Cultivators, and Salt Farmers states that the Central and Regional Governments shall, in accordance with their respective authorities, facilitate financial assistance and financial assistance for common fishermen, traditional fishermen, and labor fishermen. However, this policy has not worked as intended, and fishermen continue to have difficulty gaining access to financial assistance. This is an empirical legal investigation conducted in two districts or municipalities that are Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The interview technique is used to collect primary data (field data). Secondary data are derived from the findings of a literature review. The findings are the implementation of providing capital and financing for small fishermen had not gone according to plan, and fishermen had very limited access to capital assistance. Information that does not reach small fishermen, the inability to provide guarantees as a prerequisite for loans, and the inability of fishermen to repay loans are obstacles. Common fishermen are strengthened by the government's efforts to socialize the availability of capital and provide mentoring and training. It is suggested that the government make significant efforts to improve the standard of living of common or ordinary fishermen and provide easily accessible financing with small profit sharing and guarantees that it can easily provide.

Региональный опыт поддержки развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации

The development of agricultural consumer cooperation in Russia is one of the main tasks of national food security. The research objective was to analyze the current state of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Lipetsk region, Altai Territory, and the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as their development prospects
 The research featured agricultural consumer cooperatives and their market environment. It was based on empirical methods, analysis, synthesis, modeling, and abstraction.
 The paper introduces various patterns of formation and development of agricultural cooperation at the regional level. In the Lipetsk region, the number of agricultural consumer cooperatives was found to increase every year. The regional three-level system for managing the development of “region – district – settlement” cooperation proved to be very effective, as did the local cooperation development institutions. The Altai territory appeared to have implemented a pilot model of agricultural consumer cooperation. This model allows cattle farmers who received financial support from the Agrostartup to sell their products to a cooperative. In the Republic of Tatarstan, agricultural consumer cooperation is based on models that are specific for each area.
 The Lipetsk region appeared to be on the cutting edge of cooperation development. The three-level management they use coordinates the efforts of local authorities and regional governments in the chain “settlement – district – region”. This integrated approach provides an effective regional system of agricultural consumer cooperation in the Russian Federation.