The mechanical size effect of samples produced by PFIB and LaserFIB machining was determined by analyzing micro-tensile specimens of ⟨001⟩-oriented single-crystal copper. The LaserFIB attachment offers a significant advantage by dramatically increasing material removal rates for meso- and microscale specimens compared to PFIB milling, making the specimen preparation workflow 2 to 3 times faster than using the PFIB alone, a time advantage that becomes even more pronounced as the number of samples increases. Incorporating PFIB trimming after laser ablation further enhances shape accuracy. Overall, this combined methodology proved to be an optimal route for the efficient and accurate production of micro-tensile specimens. In addition, copper tensile specimens exhibiting multi-slip deformation through the activation of multiple crystallographic slip systems along different planar directions, while localized single-slip behavior was also observed. • Hybrid LaserFIB/PFIB greatly reduces specimen preparation time. • LaserFIB increases material removal rates in micro-tensile fabrication. • PFIB trimming enhances dimensional accuracy after laser ablation. • Size effect seen: yield strength rises as gauge area decreases. • Predominant multi-slip deformation observed in SC copper tests.

Enhanced anthraquinone biosynthesis in Damnacanthus major cells via medium optimization and fed-batch bioreactor culture.

Uranyl-incorporated two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded organic framework for efficient triple-pathway H2O2 production

Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, is highly valued in the fields of functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. However, its microbial synthesis has been constrained by an insufficient supply of key precursors. Additional challenges include cytotoxicity caused by intracellular terpenoid accumulation and imbalanced carbon metabolism. In this study, a high-yielding Saccharomyces cerevisiae platform strain was designed through modular reconstruction and multilevel metabolic engineering to enable efficient asiatic acid production. The supply of the critical precursor, α-amyrin, was enhanced by metabolic engineering, while cytotoxicity was alleviated via Raman spectroscopy-guided lipid droplet engineering. The catalytic efficiency of key P450 enzymes involved in ursolic acid synthesis was optimized, and mitochondrial engineering combined with cofactor balancing was employed to rectify metabolic flux imbalance and energy supply. Using this engineered platform strain, key enzymatic genes were introduced to construct an asiatic acid-producing strain. A fed-batch fermentation process in a 5L bioreactor achieved an asiatic acid titer of 170.4mg/L. A valuable reference for the efficient biosynthesis of asiatic acid and other triterpenoids is offered by the engineered platform established in this study.

Efficient NH3 production from air via plasma-driven NOx⁻ supply and interface-engineered electrocatalysis

Urolithin 9-dehydroxylase from Enterocloster bolteae JCM 12243T catalyzing regiospecific dehydroxylation of urolithins.

Synthesis of silica/soda lime composite catalyst from rice husk ash for efficient biodiesel production

Efficient hydrogen production over Mo-Ni/Al2O3 catalysts via low-temperature methane-hydrogen sulfide reforming

Unitary solar multifield-driven hybrid chemical engineering dually boosted by sustainable energy and intrinsic organics for efficient wastewater treatment and hydrogen production

Electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation on nickel and cobalt nanostructures for efficient hydrogen production

Particle size evaluation of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for efficient syngas production via CO2 reforming of CH4

Dual-modulated ruddlesden-popper air electrode via Gd/Nb co-doping: Achieving high performance and durability in protonic ceramic cells

CFD-based and machine learning-assisted optimization of screw geometry in food extrusion processes

Dual-energy ultrasonication-microwave engineering of MOF-derived Ni-Al2O3 nanosheet catalysts for efficient low-temperature hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis

Photon-thermal synergy for efficient solar H2 production by Ni-doped Zn0.7Cd0.3S

Pyrene-functionalized silsesquioxane-based COF/membrane composite for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production

Three-Dimensionally ordered macro-mesoporous ZrTiO4 supported polyoxometalate-ionic liquid hybrid for efficient biodiesel production from low-quality oils

Estimating the initial rotor position is critical for the proper startup, efficient torque production, and reliable operation of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as for preventing demagnetization. This article presents a comprehensive method for detecting the rotor position under standstill and flying shaft (i.e., no stator excitation) conditions in a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SM-PMSM). Initial rotor position detection in SM-PMSMs is challenging due to weak magnetic saliency, nonlinearities, and parameter variations. Even small inaccuracies can significantly affect motor efficiency, performance, and longevity, particularly in applications involving varying speeds or loads. In this work, a series of voltage pulses using basis space vectors are applied to the stator windings of a three-phase SM-PMSM. The positive and negative current values are evaluated, alongside the recorded differences between their absolute peak values. These differences, influenced by the permanent magnets, are leveraged to detect the rotor position without direct access to the rotor. A numerical model of a four-pole SM-PMSM is developed using Maxwell 2-D to validate the magnetic circuit changes. The proposed method's performance in early detection of demagnetization is also introduced and validated numerically and experimentally. Finally, the method's efficacy is experimentally assessed under standstill and flying shaft conditions, along with its impact on synchronous startup in sensorless control of SM-PMSMs and its effectiveness in early demagnetization detection.

Superhydrophilic treatment of porous transport layer integrated with porous flow field for efficient hydrogen production in PEM electrolyzers

Formic acid (FA) is a promising hydrogen storage carrier for high power density hydrogen fuel cells. However, dehydrogenation of FA usually produces CO by-products that poison the catalyst. The prevention of FA decomposition into CO within high-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) systems operating at 130–200°C remains a formidable scientific challenge. Here, we propose a Ni doping-induced active phase transition of molybdenum carbide on carbon-based catalysts, enhancing hydrogen production from FA. Ni-MoC/NC achieves complete FA conversion at 190 °C, maintaining stable catalytic performance over 170 hours. In MoC/NC, Mo primarily exists as β-Mo 2 C and γ-Mo 2 N, while in Ni-MoC/NC, it predominantly forms α-MoC and γ-Mo 2 N. XRD and XPS analyses reveal that Ni doping induces the transformation of β-Mo 2 C into α-MoC, improving catalytic performance. Mechanistic studies identify HCOO* as a key intermediate in FA dehydrogenation on Ni-MoC/NC. The catalyst promotes the dissociation of HCOOH* into HCOO*, reduces the energy barrier for HCOO* conversion to CO 2 *, and inhibits CO by-product formation, accelerating FA dehydrogenation. These findings highlight Ni-MoC/NC as a robust catalyst for efficient hydrogen production. • Ni-promoted Mo-soybean solid-phase reaction converts β-Mo 2 C to α-MoC. • Catalyst gives 100% FA conversion and H 2 selectivity; 170 h at 190 °C. • Reveals functional group evolution and intermediate formation in FA dehydrogenation.