Efficient Nano Research Articles

Efficient Nano Composite (Cerium/Aluminum Nitrate) in the Process of Desulfurization

AbstractIn the present work, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the sulfur particles, as main pollutants, from gasoline with using cerium (Ce) and Al(NO3)3 nano composites measured with Reference method: ASTM D7039‐15. The sulfur crystallite number was around 7235 ppm for DS (Ni (NO3)2 and urea). These unwanted sulfur particles reached to 3028 ppm for y (Al (NO3)3)/x (Ce)=0.25 in weight ratio, without using centrifuge process. This result is a very good due to some points: The present experimental works have been done at the room temperature and atmosphere environment, whilst many other works, as addressed here, have needed higher temperature and pressures. To our knowledge, Ce, Aluminum nitrate and urea as nano composite materials have need been used for desulfurization processes. Moreover, some relevant techniques such as X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) have also been used.

Design and simulation of non linear metamaterial for full efficient nano structure optical spatial RAM memory detection sensing at mid infrared region

Design and simulation of non linear metamaterial for full efficient nano structure optical spatial RAM memory detection sensing at mid infrared region

Lipase Enzyme Immobilized Magnetic NanoAdsorbent: A promising candidate to efficiently remove chromium from aqueous media

The Enzyme-immobilized magnetic nanocomposites as a nano adsorbent are interested in the environmental fields and energy science due to their number of advantages including high surface area, biocompatibility, ease of separation, reusability, and substantial activity. The Lipase enzyme (Candida rugosa) was immobilized onto a lipase-immobilized magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2) using a chemical dispersion method under constant stirring to effectively adsorb Chromium (VI) from aqueous media. After successful immobilization, the lipase@ Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical instruments. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zeta sizer, Zeta potential, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize the surface modification, structure, super magnetic properties, pore size, and chemical content within the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite and its variants. To evaluate the adsorption capability of the newly synthesized nanocomposite, batch adsorption experiments were performed under the influence of various controlled parameters. The batch adsorption trials revealed that pH significantly influenced the adsorption of Cr (VI). At a pH level of 2.0 and a temperature of 318 K, the maximal adsorption capacity reached 49.9 mg/g, with the isotherms fitting the Freundlich model and the Pseudo-second kinetic model. The thermodynamic study demonstrates the exothermic and spontaneous nature of Cr (VI) adsorption on the adsorbent (lipase @ Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2). Additionally, the adsorbent exhibited good reusability, and Cr (VI) ions could be successfully desorbed using a solution of 0.1 mol/L NaOH. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated validity and applicability in real water samples, achieving mean removal efficiencies of tap water, Nawab Shah Canal, and Hyderabad Canal were 94.92 ± 3.12, 95.80 ± 2.78, and 96.81 ± 2.58 %. The lipase @ Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanocomposite reveals a promise as an efficient nano adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr (VI). Moreover, the maximum lipase enzyme immobilization activity was observed at 20 mg/g in water (pH 8) at 25 °C. Fabrication of the lipase@ Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 is illustrated in the graphical abstract of the manuscript.

Design and synthesis of LDH nano composite functionalized with trimesic acid and its environmental application in adsorbing organic dyes indigo carmine and methylene blue

This work designed and prepared an organic-inorganic nanocomposite using layered double hydroxide (LDH) inorganic substrate and trimesic acid (TMA) as chelating agent. Subsequently, the synthesized organic-inorganic nanocomposite was assessed using multiple identification methods, including FTIR, EDX, XRD, TGA, and FESEM, and the outcomes demonstrated that the intended structure was successfully prepared. Also, in order to investigate the efficiency of the Mg–Al LDH-TMA nanocomposite as an efficient nano adsorbent, it was used for removal of indigo carmine (IC) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. This synthetic nanocomposite showed a high adsorption capacity. The efficiency of the produced nanocomposite in the adsorption of selected dyes was investigated with the help of batch adsorption studies performed in a variety of experimental settings, including dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, adsorption temperature and contact time. Furthermore, the produced Mg–Al LDH-TMA nanocomposite exhibits strong stability and can be recycled and reused five times in a row, which is well consistent with the principles of green chemistry.

Chemometrics Assisted Formulation of Glimepiride Nanosuspension for Solubility Enhancement in Diabetic Therapy—A Systematic Approach

AbstractGlimepiride (GLM), a third‐generation sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication, is used to treat type II diabetes. Admittedly, it has a low bioavailability, a relatively short half‐life (t1/2), and high toxicity. To address the issue, a nanosuspension of poorly soluble GLM is designed using a Quality‐by‐Design (QbD) method, to enhance its solubility. Prospective risk factors are identified and assessed using Critical Material Attribute (CMAs) and Critical Processing Parameter (CPPs) to evaluate the targets by Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design and to study the effects of formulation and process variables on dependent variables. The amount of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (X2), agitation time (X5), and concentration of Poloxamer (X7) are found as significant parameters (p < 0.05), and are further optimized using the Box Behnken Design as response surface methodology model. The optimized GLM nanosuspension 1) has mean particle size (PS), zeta potential, viscosity (VS), and percentage cumulative drug release (CDR%) of 258.17 nm, −25.2 mV, 1.087cPs, and 98.52%, respectively. The pattern of drug release is fitted to Non‐Fickian kinetics. The study results in an economic and efficient nano formulation with enhanced solubility.

Green-route synthesis and ab-initio studies of a highly efficient nano photocatalyst:Ce/zinc-oxide nanopetals

In the present work, Zinc-oxide nanostructures and Ce/Zinc-oxide nanopetals were synthesized by a new environmentally friendly green synthesis method using the Withania coagulans plant. Cerium nitrate Ce(NO3)3 and zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 were used as precursors. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV–vis). Crystal planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) at 2θ 31.75°, 34.35°, 36.2°, 47.55°, 56.6°, 62.75°, 66.3°, 67.9°, and 69.09° respectively confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of Zinc-oxide. Angular shifts for Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide and Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetal nanostructures were observed in the (100) and (101) planes of the crystal. More specifically, using Scherrer's equation, the crystallite sizes of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 16.48 ± 02 nm, 17.8 ± 2 nm, 18.8 ± 2 nm, and 18.87 ± 2 nm, respectively. The pure Zinc-oxide grain had the appearance of a nanoflower. On the other hand, the nanopetal structure of Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals had oval-shaped nanopetal morphology. The absorption peaks were observed at 373, 376.4, 377, and 378 nm for Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, respectively, which results in a progressive redshift. The gap energies of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 2.796, 2.645, 2.534, and 2.448 eV, respectively. Photodegradation under visible light (>400 nm) indicates the high efficiency of the photocatalyst based on Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals. DFT calculations, structural changes, charge analysis, and electronic band structures were carried out to confirm the experiment.

Efficient biological activity of acridine synthesised by using efficient nano catalyst

A simple and efficient protocol for 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexa hydroacridine-1,8(2H,5H)-dione (MPTH) was synthesised by conventional method by using efficient nano catalyst. The crystallite sizes (L) and surface area (S) of TiO2 are 10.44 nm and 140.32 m2/g. MPTH displayed wide inhibitions on the KB cell appearance with IC50 values 25.06 μg. The IC50 values of the MPTH imply that methoxy substituted compound holds more inhibitory effect against the cancer cells.

Asymmetric XMoGeY2 (X = S, Se, Te; Y = N, P, As) monolayers as potential flexible materials for nano piezoelectric devices and nanomedical sensors.

Highly efficient nano piezoelectric devices and nanomedical sensors are in great demand for high-performance piezoelectric materials. In this work, we propose new asymmetric XMoGeY2 (X = S, Se, Te; Y = N, P, As) monolayers with excellent piezoelectric properties, dynamic stability and flexible elastic properties. The piezoelectric coefficients (d11) of XMoGeY2 monolayers range from 2.92 to 8.19 pm V-1. Among them, TeMoGeAs2 exhibits the highest piezoelectric coefficient (d11 = 8.19 pm V-1), which is 2.2 times higher than that of common 2D piezoelectric materials such as 2H-MoS2 (d11 = 3.73 pm V-1). Furthermore, all XMoGeY2 monolayers demonstrate flexible elastic properties ranging from 96.23 to 253.70 N m-1. Notably, TeMoGeAs2 has a Young's modulus of 96.23 N m-1, which is only one-third of that of graphene (336 N m-1). The significant piezoelectric coefficients of XMoGeY2 monolayers can be attributed to their asymmetric structures and flexible elastic properties. This study provides valuable insights into the potential applications of XMoGeY2 monolayers in nano piezoelectric devices and nanomedical sensors.

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF FUROSEMIDE SNEDDS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

This research explores the development and optimization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Furosemide, a widely used diuretic with poor aqueous solubility. The study focuses on the systematic formulation of Furosemide-loaded SNEDDS to overcome the challenges associated with its limited solubility, thereby improving its therapeutic efficacy. the SNEDDS formulations were meticulously designed using various excipients, including oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants, with the goal of achieving a stable and efficient nano emulsion. The selection of these components was based on their compatibility, emulsification capability, and ability to enhance drug solubility. The prepared formulations underwent a comprehensive optimization process employing experimental design methodologies to determine the optimal concentration of each component, ensuring the attainment of a balanced and stable SNEDDS. Physicochemical characterization of the optimized Furosemide SNEDDS was conducted to evaluate its particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and drug-loading capacity. Additionally, the in vitro release profiles were assessed to understand the release kinetics of Furosemide from the SNEDDS. The optimized formulation exhibited favourable characteristics, including a small particle size, high drug-loading efficiency, and sustained drug release, suggesting its potential for improved oral bioavailability. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic performance of the optimized Furosemide SNEDDS was investigated through in vivo studies, comparing it with conventional Furosemide formulations. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the bioavailability of Furosemide when delivered through the SNEDDS, attributed to the increased solubility and improved absorption of the drug. the formulated and optimized Furosemide SNEDDS presents a promising approach to address the solubility challenges associated with Furosemide, offering a potential solution to enhance its oral bioavailability. The study contributes valuable insights into the formulation design and optimization of SNEDDS for poorly water-soluble drugs, paving the way for improved therapeutic outcomes in the pharmaceutical field.

Stable hydrogen evolution catalysis: Nitrogen-carbon-stabilized platinum on a microporous carbon-based framework

Hydrogen produced from water electrolysis powered by renewable energy is an environmentally friendly fuel. However, the wide commercialization of water electrolysis is hindered by the high cost and low stability of the state-of-the-art Pt/C electrocatalysts. In this work, interconnected 3D carbon-based framework with a microporous configuration supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/rGO1-FHCNs4) was proposed, and exhibited significantly enhanced catalytic activity and stability towards hydrogen evolution. The strong metal–N interactions between Pt nanoparticles and the functionalized support kept Pt nanoparticles in a well dispersed state and modified the electron structure of platinum nanoparticles during HER. The three-dimensional structure of carbon-based supports enhanced the access of active sites to reactant. The graphene contributed to the conductivity of the catalysts. In addition, the hollow structure of the carbon support act as an efficient nano spacer and a cross-linker for the 3D assembly of graphene due to electrostatic interaction. This work provides the approaches to fabricate metal nanoparticle/3D carbon-based support composites with potential applications as high performance electrocatalysts.

Preparation of a novel brain-targeted EGCG liposome and its antioxidative neuroprotection

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses potent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, a novel glucose-modified EGCG encapsulated liposome (EGCG-Glu-Lip) was developed and characterized. EGCG-Glu-Lip liposome’s cytotoxicity, brain targeting ability, and its antioxidative neuroprotection were examined via bEnd.3 and PC12 cells testing. EGCG-Glu-Lip liposome particle mean size was 158.7 nm, with encapsulation efficiency 73.05 % under EGCG/lipid mass ratio 1:22 and soybean phospholipids (SPC) to cholesterol (Chol) mass ratio 3.84:1. EGCG-Glu-Lip exhibited less cytotoxicity, stronger protection to PC12 cells from H2O2 induced oxidative damage, keeping reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Glucose modified liposome (Glu-Lip) cellular uptake in bEnd.3 and PC12 cells were 1.5-fold and 1.3-fold higher than that of Lip, supporting EGCG-Glu-Lip possessing enhanced blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability mediated via glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT1) and neuronal cell uptake for brain targeting. EGCG-Glu-Lip could provide an efficient nano delivery pathway to deliver sufficient EGCG to brain tissue exerting its antioxidative neuroprotection more efficiently.

Sunlight mediated removal of toxic pollutants from Yamuna wastewater using efficient nano TeO2–ZnO nanocomposites

We have utilised our TeO2–ZnO nanocomposites for Yamuna wastewater treatment in natural sunlight wherein the sampling site was Nigam Bodh Ghat, Kashmere Gate, Delhi. In BET isotherm, TZ NCs exhibited type IV isotherm forming a H3 like hysteric loop sustaining mesoporous characteristic with an increase in surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of 56.76 m2/g, 0.257 cc/g and 17.18 nm respectively, when compared to pristine ZnO NPs. Yamuna wastewater treatment was carried out using various concentrations of TZ NCs (range 0.1–0.3 g/500 mL) under natural sunlight. Post-treatment, all the physicochemical parameters such as DO, BOD, COD, Nitrates, Ammonia and Phenolic contents were found to be reduced to 10 times bringing Yamuna water parameters within safe limits. Our TZ NCs have shown to have high selectivity for the removal of Chromium from water. Out of all the three concentrations 0.2 g/500 mL or 0.4 mg/mL is the most optimum concentration of TZ NCs for complete Yamuna wastewater treatment. Also, the bacterial culture present in Yamuna water was killed by 90% using TZ having MIC of 0.1 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of TZ against K.pneumoniae MTCC 109 was also checked using Congo Red Agar Assay. The presence of heavy metals, their corresponding degradation and leaching studies were analysed using ICP-OES. TZ NCs showed a very minimal leaching rate of Zinc into the water, proving no toxicity associated with these nanocomposites. Further, to observe the safe disposal of TZ NCs into the soil, TZ NCs were utilised for ecotoxicity studies.

A pH-responsive MOF-functionalized hollow mesoporous silica controlled herbicide delivery system exhibits enhanced activity against ACCase-herbicide-resistant weeds.

Weeds grow aggressively in agricultural fields, leading to reduced crop yields and an inability to meet the growing demand for food. Herbicides are currently the most effective method for weed control. However, the overuse of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of resistance mutants and has caused environmental pollution. Therefore, new technologies are urgently required to address this global challenge. We report a copper-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate metal organic framework (Cu-BDC MOF)-functionalized carboxyl hollow mesoporous silica (HMS-COOH) delivery system for the pH-controlled release of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl (QE). The delivery system (QE@HMS@Cu-BDC) enabled the efficient control of barnyard grasses that are susceptible and resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, which showed 93.33% and 88.33% fresh weight control efficacy at 67.5 g ha-1 , resepcitviely. With the lowest pH value (3), QE and copper ion were released slowly 70.30% and 78.55% from QE@HMS@Cu-BDC after 89 hours, respectively. QE@HMS@Cu-BDC showed better absorption, conduction, transportation, and ACCase activity inhibition performance than that of QE emulsifiable concentrate (EC) in both susceptible and ACCase-herbicide resistant barnyard grasses. In addition, with the safener effect of carrier HMS@Cu-BDC and the aid of the safener fenchlorazole-ethyl (FE), the application of QE@HMS@Cu-BDC was shown to mitigate the damage caused by QE to rice plant. This work first found this new material (HMS-COOH@Cu-BDC) could be used to mitigate herbicide-induced oxidative stress and improve rice plant safety. Futhermore, the QE@HMS-COOH@Cu-BDC constructed in this research might be used as an efficient nano pesticide formulation for weed controls in paddy rice fields. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Self-emulsifying System Co-loaded with Paclitaxel and Coix Seed Oil Deeply Penetrated to Enhance Efficacy in Cervical Cancer.

Paclitaxel (PTX), voted as the promising natural medicine molecule, is widely used in the treatment of cancers. Nevertheless, its clinical application is strictly limited by its poor water solubility. CP-MEs (Paclitaxel-coix seed oil coloaded microemulsion), a small-sized self-emulsifying nanoemulsion formed from a combination of PTX and coix seed oil (CSO), was developed in order to improve the solubility of paclitaxel and enhance anti-cervical cancer efficacy in vitro. CSO was selected as the oil phase to replace conventional organic solvents and achieve a synergistic anti-tumor effect with paclitaxel. Pseudoternary phase diagram was applied to the study of CP-MEs formulation. CP-MEs were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency (EE and LE) were detected by HPLC. MTT was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CP-MEs against HeLa cells. The cellular uptake and apoptotic ratio of CP-MEs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Notably, HeLa 3D tumor spheroid was adopted to evaluate tumor permeability of different size microemulsions as the model. The best self-emulsifying ability was exhibited by HS 15: PEG 400 combination. The appearance of CP-MEs was clear and transparent, which exhibited a small size (30.28 ± 0.36) and a slight negative surface charge (-4.40 ± 1.13) mV. The EE and LE of CP-MEs were 98.80% and 0.978%, respectively. The cumulative release rate within 48 h of the CP-MEs was 80.21%. In cellular studies, the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled CP-MEs (FITC/C-MEs) was 17.86-fold higher than the free FITC group, leading to significant synergistic anticancer activity in terms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in vitro. The apoptotic rate of CP-MEs treated was 1.70-fold higher than PTXtreated. Notably, the penetration of CP-MEs in the HeLa 3D tumor sphere model was enhanced, which was related to deeply penetrated microemulsion of small size mediated at the tumor site. With the advantage of the small-sized self-emulsifying system, CP-MEs hold great potential to become an efficient nano drug delivery system for cervical cancer treatment in the clinic.

Application of Nano Drug Delivery System (NDDS) in Cancer Therapy: A Perspective.

Cancer is the biggest killer that threatens human health. Poor bioavailability and strong drug resistance of cancer drugs are common defects. In recent years, drug delivery therapy based on nanotechnology has become a focused research area, and nano drug delivery system has been widely studied in cancer treatment. Based on the articles and patents published on the application of nano drug delivery systems in cancer treatment in the past five years, this paper summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment in order to provide a reference for future anticancer research on nano drug delivery systems. This perspective summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment in recent five years, and proposes the development direction of nano drug delivery systems in the future. Based on the review of articles and patents, we found that the nano drug delivery system is mainly divided into encapsulated nano drug delivery system and covalently bound nanoprodrug delivery system. Its advantages in cancer treatment are mainly reflected in enhancing drug stability, improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity and better application in cancer diagnosis. However, nano drug delivery system is a new field of science, some of these drug delivery systems might have high toxicity and low bioavailability; the off-target phenomenon often occurs, and most studies are just focused on the early stage, its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and patient tolerance, and the toxicity of treatment remains to be further investigated. This perspective systematically summarizes the types of nano drug delivery systems and their advantages and limitations in cancer treatment based on the published articles and patents obtained in the last five years. Future research on nano drug delivery system should consider the potential risks, and stable and efficient nano drug delivery systems should be designed to treat cancer by changing or functionalizing the nanomaterial.

Adjuvanted quaternized chitosan composite aluminum nanoparticles-based vaccine formulation promotes immune responses in chickens.

Aluminum adjuvant is a typical adjuvant that can promote humoral immune response, but it lacks the ability to effectively induce cellular immune response. The water-soluble N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles (N-2-HACC NPs) can enhance humoral and cellular immune responses of vaccines. To enable aluminum adjuvant to induce cellular immunity, the composite nano adjuvant N-2-HACC-Al NPs were synthesized by the N-2-HACC and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). The particle size and zeta potential of the N-2-HACC-Al NPs were 300.70±24.90nm and 32.28±0.52mV, respectively. The N-2-HACC-Al NPs have good thermal stability and biodegradability and lower cytotoxicity. In addition, to investigate the immunogenicity of the composite nano adjuvant, the combined inactivated vaccine against Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 avian influenza (AI) was prepared with the N-2-HACC-Al NPs as a vaccine adjuvant. The immune effect of the vaccine (N-2-HACC-Al/NDV-AIV) was evaluated by chicken in vivo immunization. The vaccine induced higher levels of serum IgG, IL-4, and IFN-γ than those of the commercial combined inactivated vaccine against ND and H9N2 AI. The levels of IFN-γ were more than twice those of the commercial vaccine at 7days post the immunization. The N-2-HACC-Al NPs could be used as an efficient nano adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness of vaccine and have immense application potential.

Synthesis of highly efficient Nano- Ni-Pt catalyst in a rotating packed bed for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is an efficient way to provide chemical feedstocks. Herein, Ni-Pt nanoparticles (NPs) (0.051–0.126 wt% Pt) were first synthesized by liquid reduction without surfactant in a rotating packed bed to catalyze the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL). Catalyst characterizations show that despite the thin amount of Pt, the regional Ni-Pt alloy and uniform distribution of Pt on Ni NPs as well as the unambiguous defect sites were found on the prepared Ni-Pt NPs. These explain the good catalytic performance of CAL hydrogenation where CAL conversion of 97.1% with hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) selectivity of 88.4% was obtained. The reaction rate obtained by Ni-Pt NPs (0.0768 mol⋅g−1⋅h−1) is 2.94 times larger than that by Ni NPs (0.0261 mol⋅g−1⋅h−1) while the selectivity is not affected. Additionally, we investigated different parameters on the effect of CAL hydrogenation. Further, the kinetic study on the hydrogenation of CAL was exposed. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy are 3.22 × 1011 and 90.99 kJ/mol, respectively.

CdS supported on ZIF-67-derived Co-N-C as efficient nano polyhedron photocatalysts for visible light induced hydrogen production

Hydrogen energy is vital important for solving pollution of environment and energy shortage. Hydrogen production via solar energy and semiconductor photo-splitting water is one of the most environmentally friendly strategies at present. In this work, Co-N-C, a non-noble metal-based ZIF-67 derivative, was employed as a co-catalyst to achieve an in situ growth of spherical CdS via simple one-step hydrothermal. Due to the large specific surface area of Co-N-C, the agglomeration of CdS is avoided and the photocorrosion phenomenon is weakened. Under irradiation of visible light, the hydrogen generation activity of Co-N-C/CdS was achieved 905 μmol g−1 h−1. It is 6 times that of pure CdS with excellent stability. At the contact interface of the Co-N-C and CdS, the transfer and the separation of photoinduced carriers had been enhanced by a great many of channels. DFT calculation further showed that Co nanoclusters, as the active sites of hydrogen production, significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Therefore, Co-N-C not only acts as electron acceptor, but also serves as support of highly dispersed CdS to promote the stability of system during photocatalytic hydrogen generation. This work demonstrates the advantages of CdS binding MOF derivatives to construct composite photocatalysts with enhanced dispersibility and hydrogen production activity.

Co3O4 supported on MWCNT: A highly efficient nano composite for the adsorption of Coracryl yellow dye and in the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

In present study, a Co3O4@MWCNT nanocomposites were synthesized using simple chemical reduction method. The impurity investigation of as-synthesized Co3O4@MWCNT composites were carried by using XRD and FTIR. The surface morphology of Co3O4@MWCNT composites shows nanowires-like morphology with different diameter of wires. The structure of these nanowires was also confirmed using TEM. The nanowire-like morphology of the composite was found to play an important role in the catalytic activity of the materials. The catalytic activity of the Co3O4@MWCNT composite was evaluated with the adsorption of coracryl yellow dye and the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. It was revealed that the targeted 10% Co3O4@MWCNT composite had an excellent efficiency of catalytic adsorption of coaryl dye within 4 min and complete reduction of 4-nitrophenol within 7 min. It is thus suggested that the increased catalytic activity may be attributed to the nanowire-like morphology, crystallinity, and interface structure of the Co3O4@MWCNT composite.

Super-resolved time–frequency measurements of coupled phonon dynamics in a 2D quantum material

Methods to probe and understand the dynamic response of materials following impulsive excitation are important for many fields, from materials and energy sciences to chemical and neuroscience. To design more efficient nano, energy, and quantum devices, new methods are needed to uncover the dominant excitations and reaction pathways. In this work, we implement a newly-developed superlet transform—a super-resolution time-frequency analytical method—to analyze and extract phonon dynamics in a laser-excited two-dimensional (2D) quantum material. This quasi-2D system, 1T-TaSe2, supports both equilibrium and metastable light-induced charge density wave (CDW) phases mediated by strongly coupled phonons. We compare the effectiveness of the superlet transform to standard time-frequency techniques. We find that the superlet transform is superior in both time and frequency resolution, and use it to observe and validate novel physics. In particular, we show fluence-dependent changes in the coupled dynamics of three phonon modes that are similar in frequency, including the CDW amplitude mode, that clearly demonstrate a change in the dominant charge-phonon couplings. More interestingly, the frequencies of the three phonon modes, including the strongly-coupled CDW amplitude mode, remain time- and fluence-independent, which is unusual compared to previously investigated materials. Our study opens a new avenue for capturing the coherent evolution and couplings of strongly-coupled materials and quantum systems.