Efficient Fluorescence Research Articles

Advancing Aggregation‐Induced Emission‐Derived Biomaterials in Viral, Tuberculosis, and Fungal Infectious Diseases

ABSTRACTContagious diseases caused by different types of highly contagious pathogens, such as SARS‐CoV‐2, monkeypox virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus, could trigger global outbreaks and bring a huge public health burden. Advanced diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies are urgently needed to deal with the epidemic of contagious diseases. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has emerged as one of the promising candidates that exhibit tunable photophysical properties, high biocompatibility, exceptional photostability, and a distinguishing aggregation‐enhanced fluorescence. As a result, they offer effective strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of contagious diseases. This review systematically outlined the latest research progress of AIE‐based biomaterials and mechanisms in contagious diseases. The versatility of AIE molecules, as well as highly efficient fluorescence properties, has the potential to offer innovative strategies to combat these health challenges. Thanks to recent advances in materials science and a better understanding of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), AIEgens have great potential to provide better solutions for the treatment, detection, and prevention of contagious diseases. By reviewing state‐of‐the‐art methods for the killing, detection, and prevention of contagious agents and highlighting promising technological developments, this outlook aims to promote the development of new means for the prevention and control of emerging, re‐emerging, and major contagious diseases as well as further research and development activities in this critical area of research.

High-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a trans cleavage-driven assembly of single quantum dot nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of long noncoding RNAs in clinical breast tissues

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as critical regulators in various cellular processes, and their dysfunction is implicated in carcinogenesis. Herein, we demonstrate high-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a trans cleavage-driven assembly of single quantum dot (QD) nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of long noncoding RNAs in clinical tissues. The presence of lncRNA can activate Cas13a/crRNA to collaterally cleave the substrate probes, producing a T7 promoter fragment that can initiate subsequent transcription amplification to generate efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Taking advantage of excellent specificity of high-fidelity CRISPR/Cas13a system, high efficiency of transcription amplification, and near-zero background of single QD-based FRET, this nanosensor can achieve a detection limit of 1.65 aM, and it can differentiate target lncRNA from its mismatched members with single-base resolution. Moreover, it can measure lncRNA at the single-cell level, distinguish different subtypes of breast cancers, and assess the breast cancer progression. Notably, due to the programmability of crRNAs, this nanosensor can be extended to detect other nucleic acids (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 RNA, circRNA, miRNA, piRNA, and 16S rRNA) by simply altering the spacer region of crRNA, with great potential in lncRNAs-related molecular diagnostics.

Moderately Heavy Atom-Substituted BODIPY Photosensitizer with Mitochondrial Targeting Ability for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy.

Advanced photodynamic therapy requires photosensitizers with targeting, diagnostic, and therapeutic properties. To fulfill this multifunctionality, we report the synthesis of two triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-functionalized boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, TPPB-H and TPPB-Br, which incorporate a hydrogen atom and dibrominated vinyl moiety at the 6-position of the BODIPY core, respectively. The heavy-atom effect of the moderately heavy bromine atoms allowed TPPB-Br to achieve a proper balance between the toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) production and fluorescence efficiencies. In this dye, the bromine atom-induced stimulation of the singlet-to-triplet intersystem crossing dynamics resulted in an approximately 45-fold increase in the 1O2 quantum yield with respect to that of the nonbrominated counterpart (0.0059 and 0.28 for TPPB-H and TPPB-Br, respectively). This increase was accompanied only a 2-fold reduction in the fluorescence quantum yield (0.54 and 0.22 for TPPB-H and TPPB-Br, respectively). During multicolor confocal laser scanning microscopy observations conducted using two carcinomas, MCF-7 and HeLa, both BODIPY dyes exhibited high targeting specificity toward cancer cell mitochondria owing to the TPP cation functionalization. The two dyes also showed the feasibility of fluorescence cell imaging; however, only the dibrominated BODIPY TPPB-Br manifested pronounced photocytotoxicity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.12 and 0.77 μM obtained for MCF-7 and HeLa cells, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential applicability of TPPB-Br as an imaging-guided photodynamic therapy agent with mitochondrial specificity.

Through‐Space vs Through‐bond Charge Transfer Fluorophores as Emitters for Efficient Blue Electroluminescent Devices

AbstractHerein, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of two donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) charge transfer fluorophores pursuing an efficient deep blue emitter for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). TCyCN and TPhCN comprise triphenylamine as a donor and benzonitrile as an acceptor connecting by either [2.2]paracyclophane (Cy) as a through‐space π‐linker or phenyl ring (Ph) as a through‐bond π‐linker, respectively. In thin film, TCyCN shows deep blue emission with moderate fluorescence efficiency, while TPhCN displays cyan blue emission with a high fluorescence efficiency. The two molecules feature hybridized local and charge‐transfer states with good thermal stability and balanced charge transport properties. They are successfully employed as non‐doped blue emissive layers in OLEDs. The TCyCN‐based device emits deep blue light peaked at 425 nm (CIE coordinates of (0.157, 0.076)) with a moderate electroluminescent (EL) performance (EQEmax=3.23 % and CEmax=2.06 cd A−1), while the TPhCN‐based device attains an excellent EL performance (EQEmax=6.24 % and CEmax=8.26 cd A−1) with cyan blue emission peaked at 490 nm. This work provides insight into the relationship between molecular design and properties of D‐π‐A emitters, offering a guideline for tailoring new organic compounds for organic optoelectronics.

Circularly Polarized Luminescence Bioimaging Using Chiral BODIPYs: A Model Scaffold for Advancing Unprecedented CPL Microscopy Using Small Full-Organic Probes.

Unprecedented circularly polarized luminescence bioimaging (CPL-bioimaging) of live cells using small full-organic probes is first reported. These highly biocompatible and adaptable probes are pivotal to advance emerging CPL Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy (CPL-LSCM) as an undeniable tool to distinguish, monitor, and understand the role of chirality in the biological processes. The development of these probes was challenging due to the poor dichroic character associated with the involved CPL emissions. However, the known capability of the BODIPY dyes to be tuned to act as efficient fluorescence bioprobes, together with the capability of the BINOL-O-BODIPY scaffold to enable CPL, allowed the successful design of the first examples of this kind of CPL probes. Interestingly, the developed CPL probes were also multiphoton (MP) active, paving the way for the envisioned MP-CPL-bioimaging. The described full-organic CPL-probe scaffold, based on an optically and biologically tunable BODIPY core, which is chirally perturbed by an enantiopure BINOL moiety, represents, therefore, a simple and readily accessible structural design for advancing efficient CPL probes for bioimaging by CPL-LSCM.

Role of chirality in photoinduced electron transfer in pentapeptide (L)-His-(L/D)-Asp-(L/D)-Ser-Gly-(L)Tyr in solutions

Factors governing electron transfer (ET) in proteins and peptides are widely studied due to the role of ET in biologically important processes. One of them is the influence of the optical configuration of amino acids on the ability of peptides to aggregate into ensembles: dimers, oligomers, fibrils. Such assemblies, called amyloids, are known to contain D-isomers of asparagine and serine, and their presence in aging living organisms leads to a number of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, how these amino acids affect the structure and properties of peptides have not yet been established. Using the example of the pentapeptide (PP)-(L)histidine-(L)asparagine-(L)serine-glycine-(L)tyrosine and its analogues with D-asparagine and D-serine, this article studies the comparative reactivity of optical isomers in photoinduced ET using chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP), fluorescence spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The CIDNP method was chosen because it had previously demonstrated high sensitivity to ET processes in chiral dyads linked by non-covalent interactions. ET involving Tyr and His residues of PP was detected under UV irradiation both in the presence of an electron acceptor, naproxen, and during photolysis of PP itself. It was shown that the efficiency of ET and PP fluorescence quenching differ for optical isomers of asparagine and serine. In addition, the dependence of the CIDNP efficiency on the PP concentration showed that ET between Tyr and peptide bonds can occur in the dimer of the PP. Quantum chemical calculation confirm the possibility of PP self-association.

Inoculation of Bacillus sp. improves root architecture, gas exchange and efficiency of nutrient use in Corymbia seedlings

The inoculation of forest species with rhizobacteria growth promoters an increasing technology capable of improving the growth and also the final quality contributing to change robust and resistant originals. The objective was to evaluate growth, root architecture, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content and nutrient use efficiency in seedlings of Corymbia inoculated with the growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. CCMD862. The growth promotion experiment was carried out in greenhouse, using hybrid clonal seedlings of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia citriodora. The experimental design was CRD with 2 treatments (control and rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. CCMD862) with 5 replications for each treatment and 5 replicates per treatment (Bacillus sp. CCMD862 and Control - not inoculated). noculation promoted gains in gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nutrient use, biomass variables and in all root architecture parameters in relation to control. Biometric and biomass improvements resulted in higher DQI and a global growth promotion rate 30 % higher than control plants. The strain Bacillus sp. CCMD862 is able to biostimulate seedlings of Corymbia favoring the development of the root system, gains in the photosynthetic apparatus, increases in absorption and efficient use of nutrients that resulted in robust seedlings. The results obtained in this study must be confirmed in field conditions and the future development of an inoculant could assist with rooting in Corymbia, helping to reduce mortality in the field and obtain homogeneous commercial

Luminescent Radical Polymers.

Organic radicals are gaining significant interest in luminescent materials due to their unique properties, which present unprecedented opportunities for innovation across various fields, from display technology to biomedical applications. However, addressing challenges related to stability and low fluorescence efficiency is crucial to unlocking their full potential for practical applications. Polymerization has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance intra- and interchain through-space interactions, enabling the creation of stable luminescent radicals with excellent processing and multifunctional properties. This concept emphasizes the strategic use of polymerization in designing and synthesizing stable main-chain and side-chain radical polymers. This approach not only broadens the scope of stable radicals but also improves their luminescence properties as photofunctional materials.

Magnetism-Functionalized Lanthanide MOF-on-MOF with Plasmonic Differential Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Fluorescence Immunoassays.

The successful application of fluorescence immunoassays for clinical diagnosis requires stable photoluminescent materials and highly efficient signal amplification strategies. In this work, the magnetism-functionalized lanthanide MOF-on-MOF (Fe3O4@SiO2@MOF-on-MOF) was synthesized through intermolecular (van der Waals) interaction-assisted growth and further homogeneous epitaxial growth, which significantly improved the fluorescence performances and uncovered the underlying mechanism. The quantum chemical theory calculation and experimental studies revealed that the introduced magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 not only endowed magnetic separation capability but also promoted fluorescence performances, which increased the energy transfer of the intersystem crossing process and suppressed the luminescence of ligands and aggregation-induced quenching. Furthermore, the plasmonic Ag/Au nanocages were developed as highly efficient fluorescence quenchers to improve the sensitivity of the fluorescence immunoassay. On the basis of the proposed differential signal amplification (DSA) strategy, the immunoassay displayed superior detection ability, with a limit of detection of 0.13 pg·mL-1 for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid protein. The designed magnetic lanthanide MOF-on-MOF and proposed DSA strategy give new insights into ultrasensitive fluorescence immunoassays.

Bis(tricyclic) Aromatic Enes That Exhibit Efficient Fluorescence in the Solid State.

We report herein that bis(tricyclic) aromatic enes (BAEs) consisting of 6-6-6-membered frameworks such as acridine, xanthene, thioxanthene, and thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide act as a new class of organic luminophores that exhibit blue-to-green fluorescence in the solid state and in polymer film with good to excellent quantum yields. The BAEs were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed double cross-coupling reaction of phenazastannines or 10,10-dimethyl-10H-phenothiastannin with 9-(dibromomethylene)xanthene, 9-(dibromomethylene)thioxanthene, or 9-(dibromomethylene)-9H-thioxanthene-10,10-dioxide. Microcrystals or powder samples of the BAEs exhibited brilliant fluorescence with good to high quantum yields (Φ = 0.45-0.88). Furthermore, more efficient emission of blue-to-green light (Φ = 0.59-0.91) was observed for the BAEs dispersed in the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the photo-absorption of the (thio)xanthene moiety-containing BAEs proceeds via π-π* transitions, whereas the optical excitation of 10,10-dioxido-9H-thioxanthene moiety-containing BAEs involves an intramolecular charge transfer from the acridine/thioxanthene part to the electron-accepting 10,10-dioxido-9H-thioxanthene moiety.

Unlocking the Potential of Push-Pull Pyridinic Photobases: Aggregation-Induced Excited-State Proton Transfer.

The pH effect on the photophysics of three push-pull compounds bearing dimethoxytriphenylamine (TPA-OMe) as electron donor and pyridine as electron acceptor, with different ortho-functionalization (-H, -Br, -TPA-OMe), is assessed through steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques in DMSO/water mixed solutions and in water dispersions over a wide pH range. The enhanced intramolecular charge transfer upon protonation of the pyridineleads to the acidochromic (from colorless to yellow) and acido(fluoro)chromic (from cyan to pink) behaviours of the investigated compounds. In dilute DMSO/buffer mixtures these molecules exhibited low pKa values (≤ 3.5) and short singlet lifetimes. Nevertheless, it is by exploiting the aggregation phenomenon in aqueous environment that the practical use of these compounds largely expands: i) the basicity increases (pKa ≈ 4.5) approaching the optimum values for pH-sensing in cancer cell recognition; ii) the fluorescence efficiencies are boosted due to Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), making these compounds appealing as fluorescent probes; iii) longer singlet lifetimes enable Excited-State Proton Transfer, paving the way for the application of these molecules as photobases (pKa* = 9.1). The synergy of charge and proton transfers combined to the AIE behaviour in these pyridines allows tunable multi-responsive optical properties providing valuable information for the design of new light-emitting photobases.

Enhanced Emission in Polyelectrolyte Assemblies for the Development of Artificial Light-Harvesting Systems and Color-Tunable LED Device.

Artificial light-harvesting systems (LHSs) are of growing interest for their potential in energy capture and conversion, but achieving efficient fluorescence in aqueous environments remains challenging. In this study, a novel tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative, TPEN, is synthesized and co-assembled with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to enhance its fluorescence via electrostatic interactions. The resulting PSS⊃TPEN network significantly increased blue emission, which is further harnessed by an energy-matched dye, 4,7-di(2-thienyl)benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (DBT), to produce an efficient LHS with yellow emission. Moreover, this system is successfully applied to develop color-tunable light-emitting diode (LED) devices. The findings demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to designing tunable luminescent materials, with promising potential for future advancements in energy-efficient lighting technologies.

Biofuel-Driven Stepping Chiral Supramolecular Transfer Container.

Herein, we reported a biofuel-driven recyclable chiral supramolecular transfer container based on hexacationic triphenylamine cage and nucleotides. Possessing rotatable paddle rigid backbones, the artificial receptor effectively encapsulated nucleotides with a high binding constant up to 5.37×105 M-1 in water, displaying guest-induced efficient fluorescence enhancement with quantum yield increased from 6.5% to 16.6%. Especially, the achiral cage could effectively bind with adenosine triphosphate to activate chirality transfer from substrates to the single molecular container, giving circularly polarized luminescence at 575 nm and positive Cotton effect peaks with significant asymmetric factor (gabs = +6.4×10-4). Meanwhile, the adaptive chiral supramolecule not only has reversible thermal responsiveness but also could stepwise regulate chirality transfer by the catalysis of hexokinase and apyrase in tandem, showing recovery adaptive chirality after refueled, achieving dynamically regulated programmable multistate chiral luminescent supramolecules. Therefore, the biofuel-driven chiral supramolecular transfer container could be successfully applied in chiral logic gates and multilevel information encryption, providing new insight into intelligent chiral materials.

Biofuel‐Driven Stepping Chiral Supramolecular Transfer Container

Herein, we reported a biofuel‐driven recyclable chiral supramolecular transfer container based on hexacationic triphenylamine cage and nucleotides. Possessing rotatable paddle rigid backbones, the artificial receptor effectively encapsulated nucleotides with a high binding constant up to 5.37×105 M‐1 in water, displaying guest‐induced efficient fluorescence enhancement with quantum yield increased from 6.5% to 16.6%. Especially, the achiral cage could effectively bind with adenosine triphosphate to activate chirality transfer from substrates to the single molecular container, giving circularly polarized luminescence at 575 nm and positive Cotton effect peaks with significant asymmetric factor (gabs = +6.4×10‐4). Meanwhile, the adaptive chiral supramolecule not only has reversible thermal responsiveness but also could stepwise regulate chirality transfer by the catalysis of hexokinase and apyrase in tandem, showing recovery adaptive chirality after refueled, achieving dynamically regulated programmable multistate chiral luminescent supramolecules. Therefore, the biofuel‐driven chiral supramolecular transfer container could be successfully applied in chiral logic gates and multilevel information encryption, providing new insight into intelligent chiral materials.

Exploring an indirect quantification strategy for PFOA in rat tissues via efficient degradation and fluorescence spectroscopy

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has aroused global attention due to its persistence, biotoxicity and bioaccumulative properties. Monitoring PFOA levels in biological samples could give significant insights into its toxicity mechanism and health risk evaluation. Herein, to explore the distribution of PFOA in biological tissues, an indirect quantitation strategy for PFOA in biological samples was proposed based on fluorescence spectroscopy. F- ion was produced through highly efficient degradation of PFOA in polar aprotic solvent, and then F- ion was detected with highly selective F- ion fluorescent probe, which enabled the indirect quantitative detection of PFOA in biological samples. The sensitivity for PFOA was exhibited with limit of detection of 3.55 μM. The method’s accuracy and precision were validated by spiked biological sample experiment, with recovery rate ranging from 93.2 % to 105.5 % and relative standard deviation below 9.2 %. The content of PFOA was successfully detected in rats livers, kidneys and lungs tissues. Density function theory was employed to explore defluorination pathway, indicating that heating, alkaline and water conditions played a crucial role in the degradation of PFOA to produce F- ion. Thus, this novel strategy is suitable for quantitative analysis of PFOA in biological samples with high selectivity, sensitivity, recovery ratio, and simple sample preparation, which also provides a strategy for evaluating the levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in biological samples.

Recent progress in high-performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence exciplexes based on multiple reverse intersystem crossing channels

In the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), exciplex materials with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics have garnered significant attention in recent years owing to their potential for high fluorescence efficiency, primarily achieved through the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. By converting non-radiative triplet states to radiative singlet states, the RISC process can effectively regulate exciton behavior, resulting in the harvest of triplet excitons and the improvement of luminescence efficiency. Recently, multi-RISC strategies have been developed to further enhance the performance of TADF exciplex materials and devices. In this paper, we review these research progress in this area. We classify molecular design strategies according to the composition of exciplexes, discuss the design principles and energy-harvesting mechanism of high-performance TADF exciplexes based on multi-RISC strategies, and prospect their further research and development. The progressive endeavors summarized in this review may inspire further research on material design and device fabrication, and promote the development of OLED applications.

A novel terpene-BODIPY conjugates based fluorescent probes: Synthesis, spectral properties, stability, penetration efficiency into bacterial, fungal and mammalian cells

The design of fluorescent probes based on biocompatible luminophores for medical diagnostics is one of the rapidly developing areas worldwide. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel BODIPYs containing a propanoic acid residue at the α-position of one of the pyrrole rings conjugated to (+)-myrtenol or thiotherpenoid. Both conjugates are quite photostable (t1/2 ∼ 40 h) and exhibit high fluorescence efficiency (φfl ∼ 77–90 %). The advantage of the newly synthesized terpene-BODIPY conjugates lies in their stability and absence of fluorescence quenching over a wide pH range (1.65–9.18). Moreover, the affinity of the conjugates for lipid biostructures was significantly improved compared to the original α-BODIPY carboxylic acid. As opposed to unconjugated BODIPY, which shows negligible activity against any cell type used in the study, the luminophores with either (+)-myrtenol or thioterpenoid effectively stained the membranes of Gram-positive bacteria, while Gram-negative bacteria were not stained. In eukaryotic cells, both conjugates readily stained organelles, but not the cell and nuclear membranes, suggesting these compounds as tools for differential staining of microbes or cell structures. Taken together, our data demonstrates that conjugation of BODIPY to terpenoids significantly improves the fluorescence abilities and modulates the selectivity of the conjugates against various cells.

Porous Pt nanodendrites with exceptionally high oxidase-like mimic catalytic efficiency for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of ascorbic acid and acid phosphatase

Porous Pt nanodendrites with exceptionally high oxidase-like mimic catalytic efficiency for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of ascorbic acid and acid phosphatase

UV Light Triggered Fluorescence Coatings for Early-Stage Corrosion Detection in AA2024-T3 Based on V-CeO2 Nanocomplex

Fluorescent corrosion indicators offer a promising avenue for identifying underlying corrosion on metallic substrates by sensing metal ions generated through corrosion reactions. A key component of fluorescence corrosion detection systems involves nanoparticles loaded with inhibitors. However, developing efficient fluorescent coatings has been hindered by challenges such as fluorescence quenching, sluggish response rates, side reactions, and the requirement for expensive instrumentation. To address these challenges, we present a novel approach involving synthesizing vanadium and cerium dioxide (V-CeO2) nanocomplex consisting of VOx NRs with ∼250 nm in length and ∼60 nm width and CeO2 NSs with a diameter of ∼80 nm were synthesized via modified solvothermal route, resulting in enhanced fluorescence efficiency, and reduced bandgap (1.94 eV) with photoabsorption in the UV range (365 nm). Simulated calculations (density of states (DOS) and integrated crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP)) confirm the reduced bandgap, which facilitates the fast excitation of the electron, resulting in a quick response in fluorescence detection. The V-CeO2 nanocomplex with acrylic latex (Ac2403) as well as epoxy coatings, has been employed to fabricate fluorescent coatings on the AA2024-T3 substrate for early-stage corrosion detection. Both acrylic and epoxy coatings without color pigment(V-CeO2/Ac2403 and V-CeO2/epoxy) and with color pigments (V-CeO2/MO/Ac2403 and V-CeO2/SY/epoxy) show the excellent bright blue fluorescence by reacting with metal ions resulting from corrosion, forming a complex with Al3+ ions. Our findings demonstrate that the current fluorescent corrosion-detecting coatings provide a practical alternative to traditional coatings for real-time monitoring and meeting the increasing demands in potential applications.

UV light-triggered fluorescence corrosion sensing coatings for AA2024-T3 based on 8-hydroxyquinline loaded vanadium oxide nanorods

Fluorescent corrosion indicators potentially locate the underlying corrosion on metallic substrates based on sensing metal ions caused by corrosion reactions. Nanoparticles loaded with indicators are significant components of the fluorescence corrosion detection system. These fluorescent coatings face challenges (including fluorescence quenching, sluggish response rate, and expensive instrumentation). To tackle such issues, we have developed 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) loaded oxygen-deficient vanadium oxide (VOx) nanorods (∼220 nm in length and ∼50 nm in width) via solvothermal technique yielding enhanced fluorescence efficiency. 8-HQ/VOx/Ac2403 was utilized to develop a fluorescent corrosion sensing coating for AA2024-T3. The system is designed to detect corrosion within the first few days to weeks after exposure to corrosive conditions by making a complex by reacting with metal ions (Al3+), resulting in a reduction and bright blueish fluorescence effect in the exposure of UV light and can be seen with the naked eye. As a result, fluorescent corrosion-sensing coatings provide a practical substitute for typical coatings to satisfy rising industrial demands by providing corrosion sensing before significant structural damage occurs.