Efficacy Questionnaire Research Articles

As an Educator, The Evaluation of the Competences of Coaches from the Point of View of the Elite Athletes: The Case of Elite Taekwondo Athletes

This study was aimed at identifying the perceptions and assessments of elite taekwondo athletes toward coaching efficacy. The purposeful sample consisted of 77 elite taekwondo athletes who took part in Turkish national teams, won prizes in Turkish championships or prspective promising athletes. The research data were gathered by using the "Athletes' Assessment of Coaching Efficacy Questionnaire", a 5-point Likert type questionnaire that comprises 26 questions and was adjusted to Turkish and developed by Salman (2012) based on the "Coaching Confidence Questionnaire" developed by Feltz et al. (1999). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was .967. The study used the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Barlett's test to explain the suitability of the research data for explanatory factor analysis, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was found .907. To analyze the data, t test, One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were performed. No significant difference was found between the groups for coaching efficacy belief based on age group and training age (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in favor of men in all dimensions in relation to gender (p<0.05). As for sports career and national team participation, the study found a significant difference between the all groups (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, the athletes expressed their coaches were sufficient in terms of technique and strategy while they had some deficiencies in character building and motivation.

Effects of Strategy Instruction with an Emphasis on Oral Language and Dramatization on the Quality of First Graders’ Procedural Writing

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of strategy instruction with an emphasis on oral language and dramatization on the quality of first graders’ procedural papers. Participants were 121 first grade students who attended a rural school and six teachers. Students and teachers were randomly assigned to condition. Instruction lasted for 9 days and professional development and coaching were based on video and online observations. Teachers completed an efficacy questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study and participated in interviews. Twenty students (n = 10 treatment) were also interviewed at posttest. Statistically significant differences were found for writing quality with the treatment group outperforming the control (p <.001). The Professional Development (PD) and coaching via videos were positively perceived by teachers. Implications for future research and limitations are also discussed.

Attitudes toward students from ethnic minority groups: The roles of preservice teachers’ own ethnic backgrounds and teacher efficacy activation

The aims of the current paper were (a) to investigate preservice teachers’ own ethnic background as a factor that affects attitudes and (b) to investigate the influence of an activation of teacher efficacy on attitudes toward students from ethnic minority groups. In a quasi-experimental design, implicit and explicit attitudes were assessed before the preservice teachers filled out a teacher efficacy questionnaire and in another group, attitudes were assessed after the questionnaire. Results showed that, in comparison with preservice teachers from the ethnic majority, the preservice teachers from ethnic minority groups had more favorable implicit and explicit attitudes toward students from ethnic minority groups. Activating participants’ teacher efficacy did not affect attitudes of the preservice teachers from the ethnic majority, but it lowered positive implicit attitudes of preservice teachers from ethnic minority groups. The results highlight the need to explore factors that are able to change attitudes in either direction.

The phenotype of recovery III: Delay discounting predicts abstinence self-efficacy among individuals in recovery from substance use disorders.

Abstinence self-efficacy (ASE) and delay discounting predict treatment outcomes and risk of relapse. Associations between delay discounting and ASE among individuals in recovery from substance use have not been investigated. Data from 216 individuals in recovery from substance abuse recruited from The International Quit & Recovery Registry, an ongoing online data collection program used to understand addiction and how people succeed in recovery, were included in the analysis. Discounting rates were assessed using an adjusting-delay task, and ASE was assessed using the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ). Delay discounting was a significant predictor of ASE, even after controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity, annual income, education level, marital status, and primary addiction. Context-specific factors of relapse included Negative Affect, Positive Affect, Restrictive Situations (to drug use), Idle Time, Social-Food Situations, Low Arousal, and Craving. A principal component analysis of RSEQ factors in the current sample revealed that self-efficacy scores were primarily unidimensional and not situation specific. The current study expands the generality of delay discounting and indicates that discounting rates predict ASE among individuals in recovery from substance use disorders. This finding supports the recent characterizations of delay discounting as a candidate behavioral marker of addiction and may serve as a basis to better identify and target subgroups that need unique or more intensive interventions to address higher risks of relapse and increase their likelihood of abstinence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

The Malay Self–Efficacy Questionnaire for School Situations: Development, reliability, and validity among early adolescents in primary school

Low perceived self–efficacy (SE) for responding to school–related situations is posited to be associated with school refusal. This study examined the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the Self–Efficacy Questionnaire for School Situations (SEQ–SS) among early adolescents in Kota Bharu. The English version of the 25–item SEQ–SS was translated into Malay. Employing a cross–sectional design, students (10-11 years) from five randomly selected public primary schools were recruited via proportionate cluster sampling. Two hundred and fifteen students, 65% female, mean age of 10.3 years (SD=0.5), completed the Malay SEQ–SS. Validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine internal consistency. Means and standard deviations were used to describe the total and subscale scores. EFA analyses retained 19 items which clustered into four factors: ‘SE in socially challenging situations’, ‘SE in personally challenging situations’, ‘SE in separation situations’, and ‘SE in situations of disengagement from school’. Internal consistencies were low, approaching moderate, with Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.64 and 0.69. The four–factor solution of the Malay SEQ–SS appears to permit identification of specific domains of low SE which could inform individualized interventions targeting early adolescents in primary school.

Relationship Between Parental Social Support and Student Academic Self Efficacy

Social assistance for students who provide assistance with good and positive forms and attitudes can help their development tasks, so that students care more about the environment for their parents. In fact there are still students who have not received good social support from followers who do not need to go to school and pull out the teaching and learning process, students are bullied because students' clothes and pants are not suitable to be used again, students imitate assignments, students cannot support in the classroom. This study aims to improve social support and self-efficacy of academic students in order to be able to support daily life effectively and be able to achieve the desired goals. This research is a kind of descriptive correlational research with quantitative methods. The number of samples is 184 students selected using the Stratified Proportional Random Sampling technique. The research instrument used was a social assistance questionnaire and student academic self efficacy questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that (1) the social support of the parents in Padang Public Middle School 4 in the category was sufficient to support (2) the self efficacy of students in Padang Middle School 4 in general in accordance with the category quite confident. (3) There is a significant relationship between social support and self efficacy of students in Padang N 4 Middle School. Based on the research findings, the role of guidance and counseling services in social support assistance related to information and counseling services is needed.

A Comparison of Memory Beliefs, Cognitive Activity, and Depression Among Healthy Older Adults, Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Patient with Alzheimer's Disease.

BackgroundAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is highly likely to progress to dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). One of the most frequently reported symptoms in aMCI and DAT patients is memory impairment. This study compared the levels of beliefs about memory efficacy and control, cognitive activity, and depression among healthy older adults (OA), patients with aMCI, and patients with DAT.MethodsThis study included 21 OA (11 males, 10 females), 16 aMCI patients (6 males, 10 females), and 18 DAT patients (10 males, 8 females). The memory efficacy questionnaire, memory control questionnaire, cognitive activity questionnaire, depression questionnaire, and Seoul Verbal Learning Test were administered to all subjects.ResultsDAT patients showed significantly lower scores on the recognition test than did the OA and aMCI patients, and no difference in these scores was observed between the OA and aMCI patients. Regarding the memory efficacy, memory control, and cognitive activity questionnaires, DAT and aMCI patients showed significantly lower scores than did OA. However, there were no differences in these scores between aMCI and DAT patients.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that aMCI patients experienced impairment in memory beliefs and memory control in the same way as DAT patients did. These results suggest that the early application of cognitive rehabilitation therapy for patients with aMCI may be effective in preventing or alleviating memory deterioration.

Variation in perceived collective efficacy among adolescent basketball players across 4-month competitive season.

A team shared belief in its capability to organize and execute some actions required to achieve given performance level is referred as collective efficacy. Collective efficacy in sports appears to be dependent on the interactions and organized dynamics between the players within the team, their competences, including physical competence, organization, structure and strategies. It is directly related to team performance potential. In the present study we examined the changes of perceived collective efficacy among young basketball players and 10 to 17 years across a 4-month competitive season, accounting for variation by age group since youth sports are generally organized by competitive age groups. Based on the repeated measures across 4 months in the range of age observed, we explored the trends of perceived collective efficacy among this sample players. Sixty-five adolescent male basketball players aged 13,7 (9,5 to 17,3) years at baseline were considered. Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) was used to assess players´ perception of collective efficacy. The adolescent basketball players had high CEQS scores. Except for persistence, all CEQS factors did not vary by age group. However, no distinct trend of differences between age group was present. The CEQS factors remained high after 4-months competitive season exposure, except for ability where there was a systematic decrease for players scores at end-season. A negative trend of change was apparent for persistence, preparation and unity as players were closer to late adolescence years. The results in this study highlight the importance for coaches and practitioners to consider environment and context influence on young basketball players´ collective efficacy perception. A team shared belief in its capability to organize and execute some actions required to achieve given performance level is referred as collective efficacy. Collective efficacy in sports appears to be dependent on the interactions and organized dynamics between the players within the team, their competences, including physical competence, organization, structure and strategies. It is directly related to team performance potential. In the present study we examined the changes of perceived collective efficacy among young basketball players and 10 to 17 years across a 4-month competitive season, accounting for variation by age group since youth sports are generally organized by competitive age groups. Based on the repeated measures across 4 months in the range of age observed, we explored the trends of perceived collective efficacy among this sample players. Sixty-five adolescent male basketball players aged 13,7 (9,5 to 17,3) years at baseline were considered. Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) was used to assess players´ perception of collective efficacy. The adolescent basketball players had high CEQS scores. Except for persistence, all CEQS factors did not vary by age group. However, no distinct trend of differences between age group was present. The CEQS factors remained high after 4-months competitive season exposure, except for ability where there was a systematic decrease for players scores at end-season. A negative trend of change was apparent for persistence, preparation and unity as players were closer to late adolescence years. The results in this study highlight the importance for coaches and practitioners to consider environment and context influence on young basketball players´ collective efficacy perception.

Evaluation of a multisite telehealth group model for persistent pain management for rural/remote participants.

Individuals living in rural/remote areas have recognised barriers to specialist services for persistent pain management. Although there is current evidence to support the use of telehealth to deliver individual pain management support, there is minimal evidence to support the use of pain management programs delivered within a group model, using telehealth. The aim of the present research was to perform a formative evaluation of a persistent pain management program implemented using a multisite telehealth group model, and to examine consumer perceptions. The Manage Your Pain multisite telehealth group program was developed as a modified hub-and-spoke model. The model allowed participants from multiple rural/remote 'spoke' sites in Queensland, Australia to access four 2-hour specialist persistent pain management sessions from a metropolitan interdisciplinary persistent pain management centre ('hub' site, 491-1009 km from spoke sites), and simultaneously enable real-time access/interactions between participants at each of the spoke sites. Twenty-one individuals living with persistent pain participated in one of five multisite telehealth groups over the 10-month period. All participants completed standard pain scales before and after the pain management program, including Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire 20 (CPAQ20), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) and the Participant Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System &#40;PROMIS&#41;. The Patient Impression of Change Scale (PICS), a telehealth perceptions survey, and a semi-structured telephone interview were completed post-program. Results revealed significant (p<0.05) improvements in the activity subscale and total score of the CPAQ, with 6 (30%) showing reliable improvement (90% confidence interval), indicating higher levels of activity engagement and pain acceptance after the program. Four (19%) participants made reliable improvement on the BPI interference. Post-program, the PICS revealed 65% of participants reported improvements in overall function, 61% indicated improved mood, 57% reported improved physical activity and 50% had some improvement in pain. Post-program, less than 10% of participants reported having technical (audio, visual) issues that had impacted on their sessions, and more than 90% found telehealth to be comfortable, convenient and would consider using it for their healthcare in the future. Post-program, most participants felt they had connected and were in a shared health experience with other group members through the multisite telehealth model. The interviews revealed three main themes: 'group experiences', which involved comments relating to the dynamics of the group and the shared experience; 'telehealth accessibility', which pertained to perceptions of the telehealth model for accessing specialist services; and 'limitations and concerns', where participants spoke of possible improvements to the program delivery model. Results confirmed that participants received benefit from the pain management program and that they had positive perceptions of receiving the service using a telehealth model. The present findings provide positive data to support using telehealth to deliver specialist persistent pain management for individuals who face accessibility issues in rural and remote communities. The model also demonstrated that positive elements of group treatment can be achieved through telehealth group models.

Influence of age and maturation on perceived collective efficacy in youth basketball players

Growth and maturation impact the development of young athletes’ physique and function. It is likely that psychological and behavioral characteristics will also be impacted by maturity status. Perceived collective efficacy (CE) is a potential mediator of sports performance and may be influenciated by maturity status. Therefore, this study examined the perceived CE variation between young basketball players accounting for the influence of chronological age and biological maturity status. The sample included 57 adolescent basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years. Chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) and CE through the Portuguese version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports were considered. Bayesian multilevel modeling was used to examine athletes’ perceived CE dimensions variation by maturity status and age. Overall, the adolescent basketball players’ perceived CE scores were high for all dimensions: ability (8.77±1.15); effort (9.20±1.03); persistence (8.87±1.18); preparation (8.96±1.08); unity (8.88±1.22). The variability estimates were very large, suggesting that the influence of maturity status on variation may be residual. There was no substantial relation between chronological age and the variation scores, although the results suggest that perceived variation was independent of chronological age variation and between players variation in maturity status. Further study examining the relations of growth, functional performance development, and perceived CE would be relevant for the holistic understanding of young basketball players’ development. Growth and maturation impact the development of young athletes’ physique and function. It is likely that psychological and behavioral characteristics will also be impacted by maturity status. Perceived collective efficacy (CE) is a potential mediator of sports performance and may be influenciated by maturity status. Therefore, this study examined the perceived CE variation between young basketball players accounting for the influence of chronological age and biological maturity status. The sample included 57 adolescent basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years. Chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity (PHV) and CE through the Portuguese version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports were considered. Bayesian multilevel modeling was used to examine athletes’ perceived CE dimensions variation by maturity status and age. Overall, the adolescent basketball players’ perceived CE scores were high for all dimensions: ability (8.77±1.15); effort (9.20±1.03); persistence (8.87±1.18); preparation (8.96±1.08); unity (8.88±1.22). The variability estimates were very large, suggesting that the influence of maturity status on variation may be residual. There was no substantial relation between chronological age and the variation scores, although the results suggest that perceived variation was independent of chronological age variation and between players variation in maturity status. Further study examining the relations of growth, functional performance development, and perceived CE would be relevant for the holistic understanding of young basketball players’ development.

Self-Efficacy and Performance of Grade 7 Students

Individual person believe his own abilities to meet the challenges in life. In psychology, that belief is called self-efficacy. In general perspective, self-efficacy is the overall belief of individual persons to succeed in every endeavor. This study aimed to determine the grade 7 self- efficacy and its relation to their problem solving performances in math. Qualitative and quantitative approach was used in this survey descriptive survey analysis research. Quantitative data were obtained from students grades in math and scores in the Mathematics Achievement Test of the students. Qualitative data were obtained from student’s interview and responses in the Self- Efficacy Questionnaire. Findings revealed that student’s self-efficacy wasrated Very Well. This means that they have the capability to do homework, schoolwork, as well as to study their algebra and pass the test. However, achievement test showed that students ‘problem solving performances were minimally low in mental math, addition, and subtraction operations and there was significant relationship between the students‘ self-efficacy and their problem solving performances in math. With these findings, school should regularly hold activities that could enhance and challenge students’ mathematical ability and proficiency, and award the winners to boost their ego to keep and do well in their studies.

The Effect of Fatigue and Pain Self- Efficacy on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Introduction: Health-related quality of life is a major issue among patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim: To explore the effect of fatigue and pain self-efficacy on health-related quality of life among patients with MS. Methods: Between March and May 2018, 85 MS patients from a large Hospital of Athens region completed the questionnaires: a) Missoula-VITAS Quality of Life Index-15, which examines 5 dimensions of quality of life, b) Pain Self Efficacy Questionnaire which measures the pain self-efficacy that an individual perceives, c) Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) which measures fatigue, d) a questionnaire about the sociodemographic elements. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. The significance level was set up to 0.001. Results: Fatigue might predict the dimension of quality of life “Function” while Pain Self-Efficacy might, also, predict the dimension of quality of life “Interpersonal”. A strong correlation was found between the dimensions of quality of life “Well-being” and “Transcendent” and between “Interpersonal” and Pain Self-Efficacy. The total score of fatigue was strongly correlated with Physical Fatigue and very strongly correlated with Mental Fatigue. Conclusion: Fatigue and Pain Self-Efficacy are important predictors of the dimensions of quality of life among patients with MS. Pain in MS has to be taken into serious consideration in every patient with MS.

Coach-athlete relationship and collective efficacy in volleyball: is the association explained by athletes’ goal orientations?

The mediating role of goal orientations in the association between coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and collective efficacy (CE) was investigated. Participants were 185 Brazilian young volleyball players participants of a State championship. Data were obtained using the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports. Structural Equation Modeling revealed CAR had a moderate effect on task orientation. Task orientation was associated with CE. CAR had a positive effect on ego orientation. Ego orientation was not associated with CE. When the association between CAR and CE was mediated by task orientation, the relationship explained 27% of the CE variance. The results suggest that a good quality CAR allows athletes to be more focused on their goals and individual skill development, and, consequently, this type of focus allows the team to perform more effectively.

Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy for an Intranasal Airway Device in Nasal Surgery

Postoperative packing in nasal surgery often results in nasal obstruction and discomfort. Commercially available silicone intranasal airways (IAs) serve as dual-nasal airway tubes aimed at alleviating this process, but the safety and efficacy of these devices are unknown. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intraoperatively placed IA device in rhinoplasty and nasal surgery. In this retrospective record review, the medical records of patients undergoing nasal surgery with insertion of the IA at a single institution from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. After review of over 200 patients, a questionnaire was developed to assess device efficacy. Use of the IA device. The IA is 12 cm long, anchored across the columella, extends distally along the nasal floor, and has a proximal external portion used for cleaning and maintaining patency. Placed intraoperatively, the device aims to support air flow postoperatively in the face of edema, hemorrhage, and packing. A total of 302 operations in 300 patients were analyzed, including primary and revision septorhinoplasty. A total of 24 (7.9%) patients self-removed or inadvertently dislodged the IA. Minor acute postoperative complications not unique to airway insertion included cellulitis in 4 (1.3%) participants and epistaxis in 6 (2%). Postoperatively, 1 (0.3%) patient developed dehiscence along transcolumellar incisions. A total of 59 patients (100% compliance) completed the efficacy questionnaire. The mean breathing score was between good and average (2.9 of 5), comfort scores between comfortable and average (2.9 of 5), and mean ease of irrigation score was between very easy and easy (1.96 of 5). The device was irrigated on average 3.57 times per day. A total of 43 (76%) particpiants had full patency or only partial obstruction, compared with 13 (24%) patients with total obstruction. In all patients, with or without obstruction, the effect lasted an average of 4 days. The device is safe and well-tolerated for maintaining patency of the nasal airway in patients undergoing rhinoplasty and nasal reconstruction without increased risk of incisional dehiscence. 4.

Self Efficacy and Academic Achievement among High School Students

The purpose of the investigation was meant to study the relationship between self efficacy and academic achievement. The study comprised of 150 students from two unaided schools randomly selected from Chandigarh, UT. The tool used for the data collection was Self Efficacy questionnaire for children (SEQ-C) by Muris, P. (2001) which measured academic, social and emotional self efficacy. For academic achievement, data was collected from previous academic scores in class. The obtained data were analysed by using Pearson product moment correlation and by using ‘t’ test. The results revealed that there exists a significant positive relationship between self efficacy and academic achievement of 10th grade Students of Chandigarh city. No significant differences were found between high and moderate level of academic achievement with respect to their Self-Efficacy in various areas i.e. academic, social and emotional. However, significant difference with respect to social and total efficacy have been found between the students with moderate and low level of academic achievement. In addition, significant differences were found between high and low level of academic achievement with respect to their self-efficacy in all the areas i.e. academic, social and emotional. On the basis of results, it has been concluded that the self-efficacy and its sub-skills components should be emphasized in education and explicitly taught to the students.

KORELASI TEMPERAMEN BAYI DENGAN MATERNAL SELF EFFICACY PADA IBU REMAJA DI BANGKA SELATAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara temperamen bayi dengan maternal self efficacy pada ibu remaja. Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan tehnik consecutive sampling dengan 100 responden ibu remaja primipara. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang sudah terstruktur yaitu kuesioner demografi, Maternal Efficacy Questionnaire (MEQ), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) dan Infant Characteristic Questionnaire (ICQ). Variabel temperamen bayi dan kepercayaan diri ibu dianalisis menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara temperamen bayi dengan maternal self efficacy pada ibu remaja dengan nilai p 0,001. Temperamen bayi sangat memengaruhi kepercayaan diri ibu remaja. Temperamen bayi yang easy berpengaruh pada peningkatan self efficacy ibu dibandingkan temperamen bayi yang difficult.

An Analysis of Spatial Ability and &lt;i&gt;Self-efficacy&lt;/i&gt; of Students in Cooperative Learning by Using Jigsaw at Smas Muhammadiyah 8 Kisaran

The study aims at analyzing students spatial ability and self-efficacy by using Cooperative learning Jigsaw type, including (1) students’ thinking process on spatial ability (2) students self efficacy after learning process using jigsaw type of cooperative learning (3) students’ active participation level in learning process. Subjects of the study are 38 students of X-IPA2 of SMAS Muhammadiyah 8 and its objects are students’ spatial ability, self-efficacy and active participation. The current study is a qualitative-descriptive study. The instrumentations used are spatial ability test, self efficacy questionnaires, students’ activities observation sheet and interview guideline. The data is analyzed by using Miles-Huberman Model. Based on the data collected, students’ thinking processes on spatial ability after learning by using Jigsaw type of Cooperative learning are classified into high, medium, and low. (1) Students with high spatial ability have orderly, neat and abstractly thinking skill in completing spatial ability test. Students with medium/intermediate spatial ability level have orderly thinking process and semi abstract ability in solving spatial ability test. Students with low spatial ability level in understanding the problems have uncompleted thinking process, do not have ability to concentrate, semi abstract thinking, cannot find alternative in solving the problems and have un orderly and poor thinking process. (2) Self-efficacy of students of SMAS Kisaran 8 after learning by using Jigsaw type of cooperative learning is good. (3) Whole percentage of students’ active participation in teaching learning process is at tolerance interval of the ideal time set.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire in a Weight Loss Treatment Study.

Objectives We assessed the psychometric properties of the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire - Weight (RSEQ-W) including internal consistency reliability, criterion-related validity (concurrent and predictive validity) and construct validity (convergent validity and factor analysis). Methods We administered the RSEQ-W at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months in a 12-month prospective behavioral weight loss study. Spearman correlations were used to examine the convergent and concurrent validity; multivariate linear regression was used to assess the predictive validity; exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal component analysis. Results The sample (N = 148) was 90.5% women and 81.1% white with a mean body mass index of 34.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The RSEQ-W showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .95) and convergent validity (r = .69). PCA results revealed that the 31 items can be factored into 6 components negative affect, positive affect, social occasions, low focus, activity andlack of energy. Conclusion These results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the RSEQ-W. Future work needs to apply RSEQ-W in studies with larger and more diverse samples and also consider adding more items to the factor lack of energy.

The Effect of Disclosure Method on Coherence and Collective Efficacy of Basketball Player Girls.

The present study's aim was investigating the effect of disclosure method on coherence and collective efficacy of basketball player girls. For this purpose, 12 members of Gilan teenager player team in the age range of 14 to 18 were investigated this research is a semi-experimental type and is performed using a pre-test posttest plan. The researcher, after coordinated action with the intended team, initially held a meeting with the coach and the team caption. This meeting was held for better justification of the research purpose and being familiar with psychological team needs and its current situation. The player, according to a predetermined plan passed group sessions, these sessions with the coach presence. After the meeting, the results were recorded by players using Martins collective efficacy and group environment questionnaire (GEQ). The results showed coherence promotion among players specially after the coach presence in the group meeting. And also the results of collective efficacy questionnaire showed preparation or readiness subscale promotion in between players.

The impact of freshmen college leadership experiences on their leader self-efficacy development in historically black institutions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of college leadership experiences on the leader self-efficacy development of freshmen in two historically black institutions (HBIs).Design/methodology/approachData were collected in two phases from 200 freshmen to assess their leader self-efficacies at the beginning and end of a 16-week semester. The authors developed an eight-item questionnaire to measure college leadership experiences and adapted the 22-item leader efficacy questionnaire developed by Hannah and Avolio (2013) to measure self-efficacy.FindingsThe result of the structural equation modeling revealed that college leadership experiences have a significant positive impact on college leader self-efficacy. Moreover, college leadership experiences significantly mediated the effect of high school leadership experiences on college leader self-efficacy. Pre-college leader self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on college leader self-efficacy but an insignificant effect on college leadership experiences. The findings indicated that holding leadership positions and volunteering in the first semester of college were positively and strongly related to college leadership experiences.Originality/valueFirst, this study will empirically examine the causal relationships between college leadership experiences and leader self-efficacy by controlling for the effect of the pre-college leader efficacy. Without controlling for the pre-existing differences among participants, the effects of college leadership experiences on leader self-efficacy development may be overestimated. Second, despite self-efficacy being a critical component in leadership models and being important in boosting leaders’ confidence, only limited research uses well-defined conceptual leadership models in studying student leader self-efficacy. This study fills the gap by using a contemporary conceptual model that encompasses the key leadership variables necessary in assessing the student leadership development.