Efficacy Of Neem Extract Research Articles

Invitor efficacy of organic, inorganic pesticides and predators against mealybug (Phenococcus solenopsis)

Mealybugs (Phenacoccus solenopsis) is a diverstating insect pect of agriculture crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants. In the current study, the impact of synthetic pesticides (malathion, profenophos, and bifenthrin), organic plant extracts (neem, tobacco and eucalyptus) and natural enemies such as lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), brumus beetle, (Brumus suturalis), spider (Cheiracanthium melanostomus) and green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) was examined on the mortality rate of mealybug. The maximum mortality rate was recorded in profenofos followed by bifenthrin and malathion, respectively. The efficacy of neem extract was recorded higher as compared to tobacco and eucalyptus. Lady bird beetle was recorded the efficient natural enemy of the mealybug as compared to green lacewing, brumus beetle and spider. The inorganic pesticides, organic plant extract and natural enemies have great potential to reduce the population of mealy bug

Efficacy of Neem Extract and Three Antimicrobial Agents Incorporated into Tissue Conditioner in Inhibiting the Growth of C. Albicans and S. Mutans.

Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition which compromises the mucosal surface beneath dentures. The aetiology of denture stomatitis is usually multifactorial which varies from trauma from ill fitting denture to poor immune system. There are evidences that denture stomatitis is an outcome of multispecies biofilms that include Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Tissue conditioners are found to be more susceptible to colonisation by micro-organisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of neem leaf extract and three other antimicrobial agents incorporated in a tissue conditioner against both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Standard strain of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose broth and Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin broth respectively incubated at 37°C. Tissue conditioner (Viscogel) mixed with two different concentrations of ketoconazole, nystatin and chlorhexidine diacetate (5%, 10% w/w) and neem leaf extract (7.5% w/w and 15% w/w) and control group (plain tissue conditioner) were placed into punch hole (6 mm diameter) agar plate inoculated with Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. A total of 216 samples were prepared for both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Mean Inhibition Diameter (MID) across each punch holes were measured in millimetres at 24 hours and seven days and data were statistically analysed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U test. Both ketoconazole and nystatin (10% w/w) showed maximum inhibition of 32 mm and mean of 31.75 followed by 15% w/w neem leaf extract with an inhibition of 21 mm and mean of 20.67 after 24 hours against Candida albicans whereas chlorhexidine diacetate (10% w/w) showed mean of 25.67 followed by chlorhexidine diacetate (5% w/w) and neem extract (15% w/w) which showed mean of 24.17 and 23.67 respectively against Streptococcus mutans. Neem leaf extract exhibited considerable potential to be an efficacious antimicrobial agent against both Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.

Antifungal efficacy of Azadirachta indica (neem) - An in vitro study

AIM: To evaluate antimicrobial ability of neem leaf extract, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) against Candida albicans. METHODS: Neem leaf extract was prepared by using absolute ethanol with fresh neem leaves, filtering the extract through muslin cloth, coarse residue and filter paper. Cultures of C. albicans were maintained on Brain Heart Infusion broth and Agar. The antimicrobial efficacy was checked using the Agar Diffusion and the zones of inhibition were measured. The results were statistically analysed using ANOVA test. Inter-group comparison was checked using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney tests (a=0.05). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between the zones of inhibition seen with 3% NaOCl and Neem extract with 2% CHX (p<0.05). There was no significant difference observed between Neem extract and 3% NaOCl. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy of Neem extract is comparable to 3% NaOCl against C. albicans and it is significantly better than 2% CHX.

The Efficacy of Neem Extract on Four Microorganisms Responsible for causing Dental Caries viz Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis: An in vitro Study

HISTORY AND OBJECTIVES: From the ancient time, neem used to be the traditional medicine for many diseases and was mainly used for cleaning the oral cavity. The incidence of dental caries was less a few decades ago but now the incidence of caries is very aggressive. This might be due to change in dietary habits, life style and more tendency toward processed food. The objective of this study is to find out the truth that if the neem is really efficacious against caries-inducing microorganisms, mainly Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis. The dried neem sticks ground into a coarse powder and weighed into 5, 10 and 50 gm were added to 100 ml of deionized double distilled water. After soaking for 2 days, the water was filtered at 4 °C and the fine filtrate was inoculated onto blood agar plates contains individual species of microorganisms and incubated at 37 °C for 2 days. At maximum concentrations, neem extract has shown the maximum zone of inhibition on Streptococcus mutans. At less concentration, the efficacy of neem has shown some inhibition of growth for all the four species of microorganisms. Neem chewing provides the maximum benefits. Hence, the use of chewing sticks of neem can be recommended.

Effect of Post-Treatment Temperature on the Insecticidal Activity of Neem, Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. Seed extract on Schistocerca Gregaria (Forskal): A preliminary Report

The influence of post-treatment temperature on the insecticidal activity of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) seed extract against the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) is reported. In tests on adults, the toxicity of crude A. indica seed extract increased by about 10-fold when the post-treatment temperature was raised from 22°C to 40°C. This temperature-dependent toxicity was observed in insects treated either topically or via injection. This phenomenon could partly explain the wide variability in efficacy of neem extracts reported by different investigators.

Field and laboratory trials using a locally produced neem insecticide against the Sahelian grasshopper, Kraussaria angulifera (Orthoptera: Acrididae), on millet in Mali

AbstractField and laboratory trials were undertaken to determine effects and efficacy of neem extracts on the Sahelian grasshopper, Kraussaria angulifera (Krauss). Formulations of aqueous extracts were sprayed in field experiments. Concentrations of 0.5% and 1% were effective in reducing grasshopper feeding. Neem kernel powder applied systematically, partially protected millet against K. angulifera. The residual activity of the botanical insecticide was at least seven days. Analysis of plant selection behaviour showed that neem is primarily an antifeedant rather than a repellent for this insect. On first to third instar nymphs, growth regulating activity, expressed as difficulty in moulting or an incompleteness of sclerotization, may occur.

Efficacy of Neem Extract and Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1991

Abstract Small plot trials were conducted at two sites to investigate the efficacy of neem extract and three species of entomopathogenic nematodes against Japanese beetle grubs. Both trials consisted of 2.6 × 2.6 m plots, replicated 4 times, in a complete randomized block design. Both sites (a home lawn in Deerfield, MA, and a golf course fairway in Amherst, MA) consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. The Deerfield site had a considerable population of broad-leafed weeds. Applications at Deerfield were made on 7 Aug (4 cm rain 48 h pretreatment, irrigated with 1.2 cm water, pH 5.5, immediately after application). Applications at Amherst were made on 19 Aug (2.5 cm rain immediately before and during application, an additional 12 cm rain within 36 h after application). All applications were made with watering cans, using 3 liters water per plot.