Efficacy Of Doxycycline Research Articles

Improvement in the antifilarial efficacy of doxycycline and rifampicin by combination therapy and drug delivery approach

The present investigation deals with the evaluation of antifilarial efficacy of liposome entrapped antiwolbachial antibiotics doxycycline and rifampicin (5 doses at 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 15 days) alone and/or in combination with standard filaricide diethylcarbamazine (DEC) against human lymphatic filariid Brugia malayi in rodent host Mastomys coucha. The delivery system maintained the sustained release of antibiotics up to 48 h and significantly (P < 0.05) augmented the antifilarial potential of these antibiotics over their free administration. A combination of DEC with each entrapped antibiotics significantly (P<0.05) improved microfilaricidal efficacy, while marginal enhancement was noticed in adulticidal activity. Combination of both antibiotics formulation with DEC demonstrated marginal increase in macrofilaricidal efficacy; however, it was highest (∼75%).

Inhibition of Glycan Shedding and Leukocyte‐Endothelial Adhesion in Postcapillary Venules by Suppression of Matrixmetalloprotease Activity with Doxycycline

The aims of this study were to examine the role of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) in causing shedding of glycan components of the endothelial glycocalyx and delineate the efficacy of doxycycline as an inhibitor of white blood cell-endothelial cell (WBC-EC) adhesion and glycan shedding in postcapillary venules. WBC-EC adhesion in postcapillary venules of mesentery (rat) was examined in response to superfusion with the chemoattractant, f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Glycan shedding was delineated by using fluorescently labeled microspheres (FLMs; 0.1 microm in diameter) coated with lectins and infused into the systemic circulation. The shedding of FLMs in response to fMLP was examined during superfusion with graded concentrations of doxycycline and the zinc chelator, ilomastat. Superfusion of mesentery with 10(-7) M of fMLP caused a reduction in FLM adhesion due to shedding of the glycocalyx and a rise in WBC-EC adhesion. WBC-EC adhesion and FLM shedding were reduced with subantimicrobial concentrations of doxycycline equal to or greater than 0.5 muM with an EC(50) value of 0.15 microM. MMP activation was verified by inhibition of shedding and attenuation of circulating MMP substrate cleavage at the venular wall with the zinc chelator, ilomastat (GM6001, 2.6 microM; US Biological, Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA). MMPs play a significant role in glycan shedding and WBC-EC adhesion, and doxycycline may stabilize the endothelial glycocalyx by inhibition of MMP activation.

Comparative efficacy of doxycycline and flumequine against experimentally induced colibacillosis in broiler chicks

This study sought to determine comparative efficacy of doxycycline and flumequine for the treatment of colibacillosis, which is an acute septicaemic disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. This disease has illness coming on in the range widely, death rate is relatively high and some are up to more than 30%, have caused the enormous economic losses. The birds were infected intra-peritoneally with approx. 3 × 108 colony forming units per 0.25 ml of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and the infection developed within twelve hours. Chickens in group A1 were given doxycycline via the drinking water at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days, while group B1 was treated with flumequine at a dose of 12 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. The trial lasted for 9 days and then the surviving chickens were sacrificed. Doxycycline reduced the number of deaths and the severity of the clinical symptoms. In contrast, flumequine slightly influenced the mortality; however, it delayed death and reduced the severity of clinical symptoms. Present data indicate that doxycycline is highly effective for the treatment of experimental E. coli in chickens. The present study is of great importance for prescribing best effective drug against colibacillosis to avoid getting resistance to antibiotics. Key words: Colibacillosis, doxycycline, flumequine, broilers.

Hospital-based safety and telerability study to assesss efficacy of oral doxycycline in the treatment of &lt;i&gt; Wuchereria bancrofti infection in north-eastern Tanzania

A hospital based open-label clinical trial of 19 apparently healthy adult males with microfilaraemia was conducted to assess safety, tolerability and efficacy of doxycycline on Wuchereria bancrofti. Study individuals were assigned 8 weeks treatment with doxycycline 200 mg daily. The results of different selected tests showed that, the haematological, hepatic, renal and clinical parameters pre-and post-drug administrations were within the normal range for all treated individuals. Clinical adverse events were mild, transient, tolerable and reported in 7/19 (36.8%) of the study cohort. The mf clearance rate was 100% at 12 months post treatment for the 13 individuals who completed the follow up. These findings indicate that, although the drug was administered for a long period, there was no evidence of toxicity to the myocardium, hepatocytes, renal, bone marrow and blood cells, suggesting that an 8-week course of 200 mg/day doxycycline is a safe and tolerable regime for the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti infections.

Safety and efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of rosacea.

Rosacea is a common, chronic, skin condition characterized by recurrent episodes of facial flushing, transient or persistent erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasias, in a symmetrical facial distribution. The etiology of rosacea remains unknown and this condition represents a therapeutic challenge because of its chronic nature, progression, potential for disfigurement and psychological impact. Although there is no curative therapy for rosacea, the most widely used systemic agents are oral tetracycline derivatives, including tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. This article reviews the available evidence for the use of doxycycline, a second-generation tetracycline, in the treatment or rosacea.

Community-directed delivery of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis in Cameroon

BackgroundSevere side effects following ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loaisis have been an impediment for the work of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) in forested regions of several countries. Doxycycline has been shown to be effective in the treatment of onchocerciasis and has the added advantages of killing adult Onchocerca volvulus but neither adult Loa loa nor their microfilariae. This drug therefore offers great potential for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis. The limitation of use of this drug is the duration of treatment that may pose a potential problem with therapeutic coverage and compliance with treatment. To benefit from the advantages that doxycycline offers in the treatment of onchocerciasis, it will be necessary to establish an effective distribution system that can access remote communities. This study assessed the feasibility of a large-scale distribution of doxycycline for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis using a community-directed approach.MethodsThe study was carried out in 5 health areas co-endemic for Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa which had no prior experience of the Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI). The community-directed delivery process was introduced using a cascade mechanism from the central health system that passed through the regional health delegation, health district and the health areas. Community health implementers (CHIs) were trained to deliver doxycycline to community members and, under the supervision of the health system, to monitor and document drug intake and side effects.ResultsThe community members adhered massively to the process. Of the 21355 individuals counted, 17519 were eligible for treatment and 12936 were treated with doxycycline; giving a therapeutic coverage of eligible population of 73.8%. Of the 12936 who started the treatment, 97.5% complied by the end of six weeks. No serious side effect was registered during the six week treatment.ConclusionThis study indicates that when empowered the community health implementers can successfully deliver doxycycline for six weeks for the treatment of onchocerciasis in areas of co-endemicity with loiasis. The therapeutic coverage and the compliance treatment rate achieved in this study coupled to the known efficacy of doxycycline on O. volvulus, are indicators that the strategy involving the mass administration of doxycycline can be used to control onchocerciasis in those areas of co-endemicity with loiasis where ivermectin may be contraindicated.

Safety and Efficacy of Doxycycline

Doxycycline has remained one of the most commonly used and inexpensive of the broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs currently in use. It has a variety of applications to common respiratory and genitourinary tract infections, but also amongst atypical infections, such as malaria, rickettsial infections, leptospirosis, brucellosis and some of the bioterrorist agents, including anthrax. It is known that the tetracycline class of antibiotics does have a range of side-effects, such as photosensitivity and gastrointestinal side effects, and noteworthy contraindications, especially amongst pregnant women and young children.

The effect of doxycycline on canine hip osteoarthritis: design of a 6-months clinical trial

Twenty-five dogs were included in a randomized, double-blind trial to assess the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) orally administered twice a day at 4 mg/kg/day (n = 12) for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. Chondroitin sulfate (CS; 525 mg/day) was used as a positive control (n = 13). Dogs were re-examined monthly for 6 months after initiation of treatment. The assessment protocol included clinical score, radiographic findings and serum osteoarthritis biomarkers. Dogs treated with DOX showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in lameness, joint mobility, pain on palpation, weight-bearing and overall score at 2, 6, 4, 4 and 4 months, respectively, after treatment. Biomarker levels of CS-WF6 epitope and hyaluronan were significantly increased and decreased (p < 0.05) at 2 and 3 months after treatment compared to pretreatment. These results showed that DOX had a positive therapeutic effect in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Lymphatic Malformations with Doxycycline

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) can be effectively treated by percutaneous intralesional injection of a variety of sclerosant drugs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of LMs. We reviewed the medical records of all patients with LMs who underwent sclerotherapy with doxycycline between January 1, 2003 and September 1, 2004 at Children's Hospital Boston. Follow-up imaging was performed to assess for change in lesion size. Surveys were sent to all study patients, to assess perceived improvements in symptoms and satisfaction with the results. Sixty sclerotherapy procedures were performed on 41 patients in the 20-month study period. The median age was 6.9 years (3 mo-31 y). The most common location was cervicofacial (66%), followed by truncal (19%) and extremity (15%). The most common lesion type was macrocystic (49%), followed by combined (44%) and microcystic (7%). The major and minor complication rates were 2% and 10%, respectively. The mean outcome score by imaging was 4.41/5 with a 95% CI of [4.13-4.68] corresponding to about an 83% reduction in lesion size, and by patient survey was 4.47/5 with a 95% CI of [4.15-4.79] corresponding to between a good to complete response. Higher complication rates were associated with microcystic and combined lesions (p = 0.03), and greater doxycycline dose (p = 0.05). Doxycycline is a safe and effective sclerosant for LMs. Greater follow-up is necessary to quantify long-term outcomes and assess the risks of lesion recurrence.

Doxycycline Treatment ofBrugia malayi–Infected Persons Reduces Microfilaremia and Adverse Reactions after Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole Treatment

The efficacy of doxycycline for treating the causal agent of human lymphatic filariasis, Brugia malayi, is unknown. Standard treatment with diethylcarbamazine-albendazole is associated with adverse reactions. We assessed whether doxycycline alone or in combination with diethylcarbamazine-albendazole would lead to sustained amicrofilaremia and reduced incidence of adverse reactions. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 6-week field trial of doxycycline treatment (100 mg/day) of 161 persons infected with B. malayi was conducted. Four months after receiving doxycycline (n=119) or placebo (n=42), participants received diethylcarbamazine (6 mg/kg) plus albendazole (400 mg) or a matching placebo. Adverse reactions were assessed 48 and 60 h after administration of diethylcarbamazine-albendazole. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at 2, 4, and 12 months after the initial doxycycline treatment. Four months after beginning doxycycline treatment, Wolbachia loads were reduced by 98%. Doxycycline treatment reduced the prevalence of microfilaremia at 2, 4, and 12 months of follow-up (P<.001 for all time points). At the 1-year follow-up, prevalence was reduced by 77% and 87.5% in patients receiving doxycycline alone or doxycycline plus diethylcarbamazine-albendazole, respectively. In contrast, the reduction of microfilaremia in the group receiving placebo doxycycline plus diethylcarbamazine-albendazole was merely 26.7%. Adverse reactions were lowest in the group receiving doxycycline plus placebo diethylcarbamazine-albendazole and highest in the group receiving placebo doxycycline plus diethylcarbamazine-albendazole. The proportion of persons with high fever and severe adverse reactions was significantly reduced in the group treated with doxycycline plus diethylcarbamazine-albendazole. A 6-week course of doxycycline, either alone or in combination with diethylcarbamazine-albendazole, leads to a decrease in microfilaremia and reduces adverse reactions to antifilarial treatment in B. malayi-infected persons.

Doxycycline Attenuates Isoproterenol- and Transverse Aortic Banding-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice

The United States Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) inhibits matrix metalloproteases, which contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH). We hypothesized that DOX might serve as a treatment for CH. The efficacy of DOX was tested in two mouse models of CH: induced by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and induced by transverse aortic banding. DOX significantly attenuated CH in these models, causing a profound reduction of the hypertrophic phenotype and a lower heart/body weight ratio (p < 0.05, n >/= 6). As expected, ISO increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and 9 activities, and administration of DOX reversed this effect. Transcriptional profiles of normal, ISO-, and ISO + DOX-treated mice were examined using microarrays, and the results were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Genes (206) were differentially expressed between normal and ISO mice that were reversibly altered between ISO- and ISO + DOX-treated mice, indicating their potential role in CH development and DOX-induced improvement. These genes included those involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and fate, stress, and immune responses, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix organization, and cardiac-specific signal transduction. The overall gene expression profile suggested that MMP2/9 inactivation was not the only mechanism whereby DOX exerts its beneficial effects. Western blot analysis identified potential signaling events associated with CH, including up-regulation of endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 receptor and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and the transcription factor activating transcription factor-2, which were reduced after administration of DOX. These results suggest that DOX might be evaluated as a potential CH therapeutic and also provide potential signaling mechanisms to investigate in the context of CH phenotype development and regression.

Macrofilaricidal effect of 4 weeks of treatment with doxycycline on Wuchereria bancrofti

To evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline as a macrofilaricidal agent against Wuchereria bancrofti. In the Western Region of Ghana, 18 patients infected with W. bancrofti were recruited and treated with 200 mg doxycycline per day for 4 weeks. Seven untreated patients served as controls. Four months after doxycycline treatment, all patients received 150 mug/kg ivermectin. Patients were monitored for Wolbachia and microfilaria loads, antigenaemia and filarial dance sign (FDS). Four months after doxycycline treatment, cases had a significantly lower Wolbachia load than controls; and 24 months after treatment, microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and frequency of FDS were significantly lower in cases than controls. Most importantly, 4 weeks of doxycycline killed 80% of macrofilariae, which is comparable with the results of a 6-week regimen. Circulating filarial antigenaemia and FDS were strongly correlated. A 4-week regimen of doxycycline seems sufficient to kill adult W. bancrofti and could be advantageous for the treatment of individual patients, e.g. in outpatient clinics.

Lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit

Malignant lymphoma of the ocular adnexa has been reported on for many years, but many steps forward have been recently made. This paper highlights the staging strategies and treatment options based on a review of the most updated and relevant bibliography. A relevant improvement in the management of ocular adnexal lymphoma is represented by PET, which improves the diagnosis and the staging of the disease. Acquisitions have been made in the treatment: low-dose radiotherapy is confirmed for primary orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma; oral chlorambucil is proposed as an alternative; immunotherapy is proposed for the treatment of systemic disease. Interestingly, the role of Chlamydia psittaci as the possible cause of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas and the efficacy of doxycycline for the treatment of ocular adnexal lymphomas have been investigated with promising results. A large series of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma has been described and its lethality despite aggressive conventional chemotherapy has been confirmed. Orbital lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor of the orbit and its incidence is increasing proportionally with the rise of the average survival rate of the general population. The combined efforts of orbital surgeons, hematologists, oncologists and radiotherapists have lately produced a mass of new information that can effectively improve the management of orbital lymphoma.

Endometrial expression of interleukine receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is altered during irregular bleeding in progestin-only contraceptive users and influenced by doxycycline therapy

Endometrial expression of interleukine receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is altered during irregular bleeding in progestin-only contraceptive users and influenced by doxycycline therapy

Interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure of swine to dietary doxycycline supplied with and without paracetamol: A population pharmacokinetic approach1

Anorexigenic substances released during infection may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of in-feed antibiotics. Paracetamol (acetaminophen; PARA) inhibits the anorexia of infection and seems to improve the clinical efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) against bacterial respiratory disease in swine herds. In order to verify whether PARA selectively stimulates intake of DOX-medicated feed in diseased pigs, we documented the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DOX when coadministered with PARA and examined the effect of in-feed PARA on the interindividual variability in plasma concentrations after systemic exposure to in-feed DOX in swine herds with respiratory disease. Systemic exposure to DOX was measured with the area under the curve (AUC) of its plasma concentrations over time. First, a rich-sampling PK study of in-feed and i.v. DOX (10 mg/kg of BW) and PARA (30 and 10 mg/kg of BW, respectively) was performed on 5 pigs. The PK profiles of in-feed DOX were used in mathematical simulations to determine 5 optimal sampling times for the farm-based population PK study. A randomized, blind, parallel PK study was performed in 2 herds with bacterial respiratory disease, where liquid feed was fortified with DOX alone (5 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)) or combined with PARA (15 mg x kg of BW(-1) x meal(-1)). Medicated meals were given twice, 12 h apart, to group-housed growing pigs (n > 50 pigs x treatment(-1) x herd(-1), totaling 215 pigs). Plasma concentrations of DOX and PARA were measured with HPLC. At variance with our expectations, PARA decreased (P = 0.069) mean AUC of in-feed DOX and did not decrease its variability (P > 0.34). Mean AUC of DOX increased with feed intake and with initial exposure to DOX, and was greater in sick animals. Therefore, symptomatic PARA-induced improvement in bacterial respiratory disease control with DOX is more likely caused by its analgesic/antipyretic effects than by its orexigenic effect. Interindividual variation in the AUC of DOX was large in pigs given group medication, even when sufficient feeding space was allowed and the amount of feed offered was greater than their requirements. Therefore, future studies to improve the efficacy of group antibiotic therapy should focus on feeding behavior characteristics as well as biopharmaceutical properties of medicated feeds.

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its efficacy in comparison with doxycycline in the treatment of Chlamydophila felis infection in cats with conjunctivitis

The concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured in the tears, saliva and serum of 14 cats with signs of upper respiratory tract infection and eight with no signs, after daily doses...

A retrospective study of the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline on concurrent canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in a veterinary hospital population

Doxycycline has a well known broad spectrum activity against bacteria and rickettsia, as well as Ehrlichia spp. However, the use of doxycycline for the treatment of concurrent ehrlichiosis and babesiosis has rarely been evaluated, especially in veterinary hospital populations. A retrospective study of 70 canine ehrlichiosis and 12 canine babesiosis concurrent infections from Out Patient Department patients at Chulalongkorn Small Animal Teaching Hospital, admitted during 2001–2003, were studied. The results showed a complete curative effect of doxycycline on both canine ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis concurrent infections. The red blood cell indices after treatment were significantly higher in canine ehrlichiosis (P < 0.05). The platelet cell counts after treatment were significantly higher in concurrent canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis infections (P < 0.05). Doxycycline can be recommended as the drug of choice for both canine ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis and concurrent infections of both conditions in veterinary hospitals.

PLEURODESIS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS: EFFICACY OF DOXYCYCLINE

PURPOSE: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common problem in patients with malignancies. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of doxycycline with a small-bore (8F) thoracic tube in pleurodesis (P).

Treatment of early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: Doxycycline plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone

To compare the efficacy of doxycycline plus methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX alone in the treatment of early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to attempt to differentiate the antibacterial and antimetalloproteinase effects of doxycycline. Sixty-six patients with seropositive RA of <1 year's duration who had not been previously treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were randomized to receive 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily with MTX (high-dose doxycycline group), 20 mg of doxycycline twice daily with MTX (low-dose doxycycline group), or placebo with MTX (placebo group), in a 2-year double-blind study. Treatment was started with an MTX dosage of 7.5 mg/week, which was titrated every 3 months until remission was reached (maximum dosage of 17.5 mg/week). The primary end point was an American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement (ACR50) response at 2 years. ACR50 responses were observed in 41.6% of patients in the high-dose doxycycline group, 38.9% of those in the low-dose doxycycline group, and 12.5% of patients in the placebo group. Results of chi-square analysis of the ACR50 response in the high-dose doxycycline group versus that in the placebo group were significantly different (P = 0.02). Trend analysis revealed that the ACR20 response and the ACR50 response were significantly different between groups (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). MTX doses at 2 years were not different among groups. Four patients in the high-dose doxycycline group, 2 patients in the low-dose doxycycline group, and 2 patients in the placebo group were withdrawn because of toxic reactions. In patients with early seropositive RA, initial therapy with MTX plus doxycycline was superior (based on an ACR50 response) to treatment with MTX alone. The therapeutic responses to low-dose and high-dose doxycycline were similar, suggesting that the antimetalloproteinase effects were more important than the antibacterial effects. Further studies to evaluate the mechanism of action of tetracyclines in RA are indicated.

Comparative Randomized Pilot Study of Azithromycin and Doxycycline Efficacy and Tolerability in the Treatment of Prostate Infection Caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum

A total of 1,442 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis were examined over a 4-year period at the Outpatient Department for Urogenital Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases Dr. Fran Mihaljević, Zagreb, Croatia. The inclusion criteria for chronic prostatitis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum were the presence of clinical symptoms, presence of U. urealyticum in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or voided urine collected immediately after prostatic massage (VB₃), absence of U. urealyticum in urethral swabs and absence of other possible pathogens of chronic prostatitis in EPS or VB₃. A total of 63 patients with prostate infection caused by U. urealyticum were available for this pilot study. The patients were randomized according to a computer randomization list to receive a total dose of 4.5 g of azithromycin given as a 3-day therapy of 1 × 500 mg weekly for 3 weeks or doxycyline 100 mg b.i.d. for 21 days. Patients’ sexual partners were treated at the same time. Clinical efficacy and tolerability of the administered drug as well as possible adverse events were evaluated during, at the end and 4–6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacteriological efficacy was evaluated 4–6 weeks after completion of therapy. Treatment groups did not differ regarding age, distribution of urethral, prostatic, sexual and other symptoms, or digitorectal prostatic examination. Five patients treated with doxycycline had nausea. In the group of patients with prostate infection caused by U. urealyticum, the eradication rate was not significantly different with regard to the administered azithromycin (25/32) or doxycycline (23/31). Clinical cure did not significantly differ with regard to the administered azithromycin (22/32) or doxycycline (21/31).