Efficacy Of Biopesticides Research Articles

Efficacy of Biopesticides against Sucking Pests Infesting Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal

A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, NAU, Bharuch (Gujarat) to study the efficacy of biopesticides against sucking pests of moth bean during kharif -2023. Results revealed that among the different biopesticides tested against sucking pests of moth bean, Beauveria bassiana(1 x 108 cfu g-1), neem oil 0.5% and NSKE 5% was found most effective whereas, treatments of Lecanicillium lecanii (1x 108 cfu g-1) , Metarhizium anisopliae (1 x 108 cfu g-1) and azadirachtin 0.15 EC found moderately effective against jassid, Empoasca motti (Pruthi.) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) populations. Treatments of neem oil 0.5% and azadirachtin 0.15 EC was found most effective whereas, Beauveria bassiana(1 x 108 cfu g-1) and NSKE 5% found moderately effective against thrips, Caliothrips indicus (Bagnall).

Recent Advances in Biopesticide Research and Development with a Focus on Microbials.

Biopesticides are pest control products derived from natural sources such as microbes, macro-organisms (insects and pathogens), plant extracts, and certain minerals. Many biopesticides are considered environmentally safe and can complement or substitute conventional chemical pesticides. They can also be highly specific or broad spectrum with a unique mode of action controlling a wide range of pest species. Due to their target-specificity and low to no environmental residuality, biopesticides conform to the 3 pillars of Climate-Smart Agriculture, the Sustainable Development Goals, and, ultimately, the Paris Agreement. This review focuses largely on microbial biopesticides derived from fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. It discusses (i) the various microbial biopesticide formulations, (ii) the mode of microbial biopesticide action, (iii) the factors that affect the potential efficacy of biopesticides, (iv) challenges to the adoption of microbial biopesticides, and (v) the role of microbial biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management programs. Finally, advancements in application techniques, as well as future research directions and gaps, are highlighted.

Field Demonstration of Indigenous Strains Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana for Sustainable Management of Spodoptera litura in Groundnut

This study by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nellore, evaluates the efficacy of biopesticides Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Beauveria bassiana formulations against S. litura compared to conventional insecticides over two growing seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). Twenty Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) involving 20 farmers were conducted, with treatments applied when leaf damage exceeded 25%. Results indicated significant reductions in leaf damage (8.40% for biopesticides vs. 8.89% for insecticides) and larval populations. Specifically, larval counts decreased substantially after treatment, with average counts at 50 DAS dropping from 21.29 (FP) to 3.37 (Demo) in 2018-19 and from 22.15 (FP) to 3.53 (Demo) in 2019-20. Economic analysis revealed comparable net returns and benefit-cost ratios for both treatments (1.92 and 1.93 for biopesticides and insecticides, respectively). These findings support the economic viability of adopting biopesticide, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and profitability in groundnut cultivation.

Efficacy of Bio-Pesticides against Leaf Miner, Liriomyza sp. of Field Pea

Efficacy of Bio-Pesticides against Leaf Miner, Liriomyza sp. of Field Pea

Efficacy of bio-pesticides based modules for the management of major insect pest of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) under field condition

Efficacy of bio-pesticides based modules for the management of major insect pest of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) under field condition

Recent Advances in Biopesticide Research and Development: A Focus on Microbial: A Review

Biopesticides are pest control products derived from natural sources such as microbes, macro-organisms (insects and pathogens), plant extracts, and certain minerals. Many biopesticides are considered environmentally safe and can complement or substitute conventional chemical pesticides. They can also be highly specific or broad spectrum with a unique mode of action controlling a wide range of pest species. Due to their target-specificity and low to no environmental residuality, biopesticides conform to the 3 pillars of Climate-Smart Agriculture, the Sustainable Development Goals, and ultimately, the Paris Agreement. This review focuses largely on microbial biopesticides derived from fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. It discusses (i) the various microbial biopesticide formulations, (ii) the mode of microbial biopesticide action, (iii) the factors that affect the potential efficacy of biopesticides, (iv) challenges to the adoption of microbial biopesticides, and (v) the role of microbial biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management programs. Finally, advancements in application techniques, as well as future research directions and gaps are highlighted.

Bio Efficacy of Bio Pesticides against Spotted Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata Geyer) Infesting Black Gram

The study entitled “Bio-efficacy of bio-pesticides against spotted pod borer (Maruca vitrata Geyer) infesting black gram” at Organic Research Farm, Karguan Ji, Department of Entomology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) during kharif 2023 containing nine treatments viz, Neem oil 5%, Garlic bulb extract 5%, Bacillus thuringiensis 2.50 ml/l, Verticillium lecanii 5 ml/l, Panchagavya 10%, NSKE 5%, Castor oil 5%, Beauveria bassiana 5 ml/l and untreated control in RBD with three replications aiming to evaluate their efficacy of bio-pesticides against spotted pod borer. To evaluate the efficacy, two applications of treatments were carried out, and the spotted pod borer infestation on selected plants were evaluated after three, seven, and fourteen days after spraying. The outcomes showed that In the management of the spotted pod borer after the first and second spray, the Beauveria bassiana 5 ml/l (2.14) was superior and best effective in controlling larval population, followed by Bacillus thuringiensis 2.50 ml/l (2.34), and neem oil 5% (2.59), and the maximum yield 13.85 qt/ha and C: B ratio 1:1.71 was obtained from the Beauveria bassiana treated plot followed by Bacillus thuringiensis and neem oil by that obtained 12.89 qt/ha and 12.55 qt/ha yield, moreover 1:1.64 and 1:1.52 C: B ratio respectively.

Efficacy of Biopesticides and Insecticides against Lepidopteran Pests in Rainfed Castor

Field experiments were conducted during kharif 2022 to evaluate the bio-efficacy of biopesticides and insecticides against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.);semilooper, Achaea janata L. and shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee on castor. The results revealed that, all the insecticide treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. The highest% reduction of lepidopteran pest complex over the control after three sprays was recorded with spinetoram 11.7 SC followed by cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) SC, profenophos 50 EC, lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC and B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) WP 1.5, Beauveria bassiana SC and Neemazal 10000 PPM. Highest seed yield was recorded with spinetoram (1434 kg/ ha) followed by cyantraniliprole (1338 kg/ ha) as against 940 kg/ ha in untreated control. The maximum incremental cost-benefit ratio of 1:3.13 was obtained with application of spinetoram followed by lambda-cyhalothrin (1:3.00) and Btk SC (1:2.73).

Efficacy of bio pesticides on growth, yield and red ant damage to potato

Efficacy of bio pesticides on growth, yield and red ant damage to potato

A Comprehensive Review on Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact on Human Health and Management Strategies

Background: Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, significantly impact global economic and health sectors, and contaminating key agricultural products such as maize, cotton, and groundnuts. The mycotoxins, particularly types B1 and B2, pose severe risks to animal and human health, leading to diseases like hepatic cellular carcinoma and liver cancer. Objective: This review aims to analyze the prevalent impacts of AF contamination on human health and to evaluate current management strategies to mitigate this issue. Methods: We utilize a comprehensive array of techniques to detect AF in agricultural products, including culturing, chromatography, immunochemical methods, and molecular assays. Our review also explores preventive measures during the pre-harvest and post-harvest phases of crop development, focusing on the efficacy of biopesticides in reducing contamination levels. Results: AF contamination levels vary widely, with some regions recording levels as high as 35 ppb in crops, surpassing the maximum residue limits (5-20 ppb) set by many countries. The application of biopesticides has shown a reduction in toxigenic strain prevalence by up to 40%, demonstrating a significant decrease in AF levels in treated crops compared to untreated ones. Conclusion: Effective management of AF contamination involves early detection and the strategic use of biopesticides to control fungal growth. Adopting these strategies can substantially reduce the health risks associated with AF exposure.

Exploring pest, disease, and weed dynamics in cotton cultivation & assessing the field efficacy of biopesticides and the impact of food spray on beneficial insects in Dhule and Nandurbar districts, Maharashtra

Exploring pest, disease, and weed dynamics in cotton cultivation & assessing the field efficacy of biopesticides and the impact of food spray on beneficial insects in Dhule and Nandurbar districts, Maharashtra

Efficacy of Biopesticides Against <i>Tetranychus Urticae</i> Koch Infesting Dodi <i>Leptadenia Reticulata</i>

A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of biopesticides against the red two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch infesting dodi (Jivanti), Leptadenia reticulata (Ret.) Wight and Aruott. The findings revealed that azadirachtin 0.15 EC was found most effective incidence (3.19/ cm2 leaf) followed by neemastra (3.27 mites/ cm2 leaf), neem oil (3.34 mites/ cm2 leaf) and neem seed kernal extract (3.42 mites/ cm2 leaf). Beauveria bassiana 5% WP (5.31 mites/ cm2 leaf), ashwagandha 7.5% leaf extract (5.37 mites/ cm2 leaf) and Metarhizium anisopliae 1.15% (5.53 mites/ cm2 leaf) were moderate in their effectiveness. Maximum incidence was noticed from the leaves treated with desi cow urine (5%).

The use of botanicals as pesticides: History, development and emerging challenges

The unrestrained use of artificial pesticides over the years has strictly affected the function and dynamics of the ecosystem. The plants are a valuable store providing natural secondary metabolites that can be used as alternative pesticides that are non- pollutive, inexhaustible, everlasting, locally available, simply accessible, environment-friendly and comparatively profitable. It is against this background that scientists have made relentlessly effort to come up with botanicals that can be used as pesticides. The use of botanicals as pesticides has witnessed a rapid expansion in recent years. Plant extracts like nicotine were some of the earliest agricultural botanicals used as early as 17th century. An increasing number of experiments on bio-pesticides occurred in the rapid institutional growth of agricultural research of the early 20th century. Revival in academic and industrial research with a view to developing bio-pesticides transpired in response to increasing costs related with the overexploitation of artificial chemicals. The emergence of novel bio-pesticides has persistently increased since the mid-1990s. Nowadays more and better botanicals are used as pesticides. However, bio-pesticides or botanicals have their limitations some of which include its slower rate of kill in comparison to orthodox chemical pesticides, shorter persistence in the environment and susceptibility to unfavourable environmental conditions. For effective use of bio-pesticides there is need for knowledge-intensive management systems. Plant protection biologists have a sole duty to facilitate an understanding of bio-pesticide efficacy and as well ensure that innovation and knowledge are properly disseminated towards the progress and implementation of sustainable approaches.

Chemical composition and biopesticide efficacy of the essential oil obtained by co-distillation of Cymbopogon citratus and Mentha piperita from Western Burkina Faso

<p>Essential oils (EO) of <em>Mentha piperita</em> L. and <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> (DC.) Stapf is a potential source of molecules with bioparasiticidal activity. The development of optimized combinations of these natural substances would allow them to be used as biopesticides. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the biopesticide efficacy of EO obtained by co-distillation of these two plants from western Burkina Faso. GC/MS analyses show that the EO obtained by co-distillation of the dry leaves of <em>C. citratus </em>and M. piperita (CC/MP: 80/20) contains mainly citral (49.26%), β-myrcene (10.98%), menthol (5.90%) and menthone (<em>4.50</em>%). The EO of C. <em>citratus</em> contains mainly citral (74.32%) and β-myrcene (13.66%) while that of <em>M. piperita</em> contains mainly menthol (37.4%), menthyl acetate (17.4%), menthone (12.7%), limonene (6.9%), menthofuran (6.8%) and 1,8-cineole (5.6%). All major constituents of the two pure EOs were identified in the component of their mixture (CC/MP*: 80/20), but at lower levels. All EOs inhibited 100% of the <em>mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina</em> and <em>Phoma sorghina</em> at doses of 0.6 and 0.2%. At the lowest dose tested (0.05%), inhibition rates were 49.63; 39.52 ; 39.52% and 26.33% on <em>M.</em> <em>phaseolina</em>; 41.13 ; 40.90 ; 19.67% and 21.50% on P. <em>sorghina</em> for EO/CC/MP, C. <em>citratus</em>, <em>M. piperita</em> and CC/MP*, respectively. All EOs, with the exception of <em>M. piperita</em>, resulted in 100% mortality of the susceptible <em>strain of Anopheles gambiae</em> at a dose of 1%. However, at the same dose, on the resistant strain, the mortality rates were 21.11; 2.47 ; 8.56% and 3.33% for EO, CC/MP, <em>C. citratus</em>, M.<em> piperita</em> and CC/MP*, respectively. This study shows that the co-distillation of <em>C. citratus </em>and <em>M. piperita</em> improves the biopesticide efficacy of their EOs.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: C.<em> citratus; M. piperita; </em>co-distillation; essential oil; Efficacy of biopesticides</p>

SfMBP: A novel microbial binding protein and pattern recognition receptor in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, poses a significant threat as a highly destructive agricultural pest in many countries. Understanding the complex interplay between the insect immune system and entomopathogens is critical for optimizing biopesticide efficacy. In this study, we identified a novel microbial binding protein, SfMBP, in S. frugiperda. However, the specific role of SfMBP in the immune response of S. frugiperda remains elusive. Encoded by the LOC118269163 gene, SfMBP shows significant induction in S. frugiperda larvae infected with the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. Consisting of 115 amino acids with a signal peptide, an N-terminal flexible region and a C-terminal β-sheet, SfMBP lacks any known functional domains. It is expressed predominantly during early larval stages and in the larval epidermis. Notably, SfMBP is significantly induced in larvae infected with bacteria and fungi and in SF9 cells stimulated by peptidoglycan. While recombinant SfMBP (rSfMBP) does not inhibit bacterial growth, it demonstrates binding capabilities to bacteria, fungal spores, peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, and polysaccharides. This binding is inhibited by monosaccharides and EDTA. Molecular docking reveals potential Zn2+-interacting residues and three cavities. Furthermore, rSfMBP induces bacterial agglutination in the presence of Zn2+. It also binds to insect hemocytes and SF9 cells, enhancing phagocytosis and agglutination responses. Injection of rSfMBP increased the survival of S. frugiperda larvae infected with B. bassiana, whereas blocking SfMBP with the antibody decreased survival. These results suggest that SfMBP acts as a pattern recognition receptor that enhances pathogen recognition and cellular immune responses. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights for the development of pest control measures.

Efficacy of Biopesticides against Whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius) on Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in Northern Madhya Pradesh, India

An experiment was conducted in the field, Department of Entomology, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) in Kharif- 2018 and 2019.Efficacy of biopesticides against whitefly on okra. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments. Biopesticides used in the experiments were Beauveria bassiana @ 0.5 kg/ha, Verticillium lecanii@ 1.0 kg/ha, Neem oil 5% @ 2.5 litre, Neem leaf extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha, NSKE 5% @ 25 kg/ha, Garlic clove extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha and Panchgavya 3% @15 litre/ha. All the biopesticides treatments were found significantly effective in reducing the population of whitefly over control untreated plots (11.73 whiteflies/six leaves). Among the biopesticides treatments, NSKE 5% (4.67 whiteflies/six leaves)found most effective in reducing the whitefly population followed by neem oil 5%(4.88 whiteflies/six leaves), V. lecanii (5.20 whiteflies/six leaves), neem leaf extract 5% (5.49 whiteflies/six leaves) and garlic clove extract 5% (5.68 whiteflies/six leaves). Whereas, panchgavya 3% (8.59 whiteflies/six leaves) was found least effective in both the years. Data computed on per cent reduction in whitefly population indicate that 26.8 to 60.2% population may be reduced by spraying of different biopesticides. The highest fruit yield (119.56 q/ha) was recorded in NSKE 5% followed by B. bassiana and neem oil 5%. Whereas, minimum fruit yield was recorded in panchgavya 3% in both the years. The highest net profit (27,128 Rs/ha) was obtained from the plots treated with B. bassiana followed by NSKE 5% (25,938 Rs/ha) and maximum benefit ratio in the B. bassiana (1:14.13) followed by V. lecanii (1:8.36), NSKE 5% (1:8:11) and garlic clove extract 5% (1:6.78).

Bio-efficacy of Different Biopesticides against Jassid, (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) Infesting Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

An experiment was conducted in the field, Department of Entomology, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) in Kharif- 2018 and 2019.Efficacy of biopesticides against jassid on okra. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments. Biopesticides used in the experiments were Beauveria bassiana @ 0.5 kg/ha, Vertilicillium lecanii @ 1.0 kg/ha, Neem oil 5% @ 2.5 litre, Neem leaf extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha, NSKE 5% @ 25 kg/ha, Garlic clove extract 5% @ 25 kg/ha and Panchgavya 3% @15 litre/ha. All the biopesticides treatments were found significantly effective in reducing the population of jassid over control (untreated) plots. The biopesticides treatments, NSKE 5% were found most effective in reducing the jassid population followed by neem oil 5%, V. lecanii, neem leaf extract 5% and garlic clove extract 5%. Whereas, panchgavya 3% was found least effective in both the years. The highest fruit yield (119.56 q/ha) was recorded in NSKE 5% followed by B. bassiana and neem oil 5%. Whereas, minimum fruit yield was recorded in panchgavya 3% in both years. The highest net profit (27,128 Rs/ha) was obtained from the plots treated with B. bassiana followed by NSKE 5% (25,938 Rs/ha) and maximum benefit ratio in the B. bassiana (1:14.13) followed by V. lecanii (1:8.36), NSKE 5% (1:8:11) and garlic clove extract 5% (1:6.78).

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and selected chemicals against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and selected chemicals against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Comparative field efficacy of biopesticides and chemical insecticides against pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) on pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Comparative field efficacy of biopesticides and chemical insecticides against pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) on pea (Pisum sativum L.)