Climate modulation of phylogenetic and functional constraints on fruit volume: A case study of Chinese angiosperms

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) plays a crucial role in Algeria’s agronomic sector, contributing significantly to the economy and food security. This study assesses the genetic effects and combining abilities of key agronomic traits using a 4 × 4 half-diallel mating design. The parents and their six F1 hybrids were evaluated during the 2021–2022 growing season in a randomized complete block design with three replications at INRAA Institute (Setif, Algeria). Eight morpho-agronomic traits —plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikes weight (SW), number of spike plant−1 (NS), number of grains spike−1 (NGS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), grain yield (GY) and above-ground biomass (BIO)—were analyzed. Combining ability was assessed using GRIFFING’s Method 2, Model 1 to estimate the general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) effects. Significant gca and sca effects were observed across all traits, confirming both additive and non-additive genetic influences. Additive gene effects predominated for PH, SL, and GY, while non-additive effects were more relevant for SW, NS, NGS, TKW, and BIO. Waha (P2) and Beni Mestina (P3) showed significant gca effects for PH, Achouri (P1) for SL and BIO, Beni Mestina (P3) for SW, NS, GY, and MBB (P4) for TKW, indicating their potential as good general combiners. Hybrids Achouri × Waha (H1) and Beni Mestina × MBB (H6) exhibited significant sca effects for PH, while Achouri × Waha (H1) also influenced SL and BIO. Additionally, Beni Mestina × MBB (H6), Achouri × MBB (H3), and Achouri × Waha (H1) exhibited notable sca effects for TKW, indicating complementary gene interactions. These findings provide insights into durum wheat’s genetic architecture, aiding in the selection of promising parents and hybrids for breeding programs. The results emphasize the complexity of hybrid performance prediction and highlight the importance of careful parental selection to enhance yield and related traits.

Abstract Strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa Duch.), a member of the Rosaceae family, is one of the most important small-fruited crops due to its high nutritional value. The current study was conducted in a greenhouse by spraying the nano NPK fertilizer at concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g L −1 ) and melatonin at concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mg. L −1 ) on the Albion variety of strawberry with the aim of determining the effect of spraying with nano-fertilizers (NPK) and melatonin on the growth performance. Results showed a significant effect of NPK on the studied characteristics, as 2g 1 −1 achieved the highest significant increase for each of plant height (14.54 cm), leaf area (113.19 cm 2 ), total chlorophyll content (18.20 mg 100 g −1 FW) and vegetative dry weight and root dry weight (11.14, 5.98 g,) respectively. Melatonin achieved a significant effect on the studied characteristics, reaching the highest effect in plant height 14.01 cm, leaf area recorded 104.86 cm 2 ., Total chlorophyll (17.11 mg100 g −1 FW ) dry vegetative part and dry root reached the highest rates of 9.36, 5.49 g for respectively. The interaction of the two factors had a significant effect on the vegetative characteristics and the highest concentration of the two factors was superior.

This study investigates the impact of seriwaste application on the yield and yield parameters of blackgram (Vigna mungo). Conducted in a controlled environment, the experiment assessed various concentrations of NPK, FYM and Seriwaste on the effect of plant height (cm), pod formation, seed formation and overall yield. Results indicated that addition of seri waste significantly enhanced soil fertility, leading to improved plant performance. T3 (NPK + 50% FYM + 50% Seri waste) recorded maximum plant height (22.50 cm), no. of branches per plant (5.25), no. of clusters per plant (4.75), pod length (3.67 cm), no. of pods per plant (16), no. of seeds per pod (7), 100 seeds weight (4.2 g), yield per plant (4.69 g) compared to other concentrations. The findings underscore the potential of utilizing agricultural waste to optimize crop production and promote eco-friendly farming practices.

The study was to investigate the comparative effects of organic manure on the vegetative growth of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and it’s implication for School Farm Management. The treatments used for the study were 70 kg of poultry droppings, cow dung, goat dropping, pig dung respectively and zero application manure (control). The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, numbers of vines, stem girth, and leaf area. Mean (x) scores were used to analyse research questions. ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. Fisher’s least significant difference (F-LSD) test was used to compare the means ( `X ) at 0.05 level of significance. Application of poultry droppings (PD) had the highest significant (P < 0.05) effects of plant height on fluted pumpkin when compared with other treatments of Cattle dung, Goat droppings and Pig dung from 4 – 12 WAP. Application of poultry droppings and cattle dung significantly (P < 0.05) produced highest number of vines in most stages of the experiment (4 – 12 WAP) when compared to other treatments such as pig dung and zero application. Significantly (P < 0.05), application PD produced higher number of leaves when compared to other organic manure treatments at 4 and 5 WAP. However, PD and CD (cattle dung) significantly (P < 0.05) had the same effect on number of leaves of fluted pumpkin but significantly higher when compared with other organic treatments at 11 and 12 WAP. Application of PD and CD consistently produced significant (P > 0.05) higher stem girth on fluted pumpkin when compared with other organic treatments used for the study especially from 6 – 12 WAP. Poultry manure produced highest leaf area in all the stages of vegetative growth (4 – 12 WAP). However, application of PD, CD and GD at 12 WAP produced significantly (P > 0.05) the same leaf area but significantly higher than the production of pig manure and zero application of manure. The study recommended that Poultry and cow manure should be used for Telfairia occidentalis production in the tropical rainforest especially in growth and herbage improvements. The use of poultry or cow manure as source of nutrients to the soil will ensure quick returns when used to cultivate fluted pumpkin in school farms

Investigation on the effect of plant height and number of leaves of Solanum lycopersicum using treatment of SMC(T15) over soil cultivation

Pollination for indoor agriculture is hampered by environmental conditions, requiring farmers to pollinate manually. This increases the musculoskeletal illness risk of workers. A potential solution involves Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) using wearable sensor-based human motion tracking. However, the physical and biomechanical aspects of human interaction with an advanced and intelligent collaborative robot (cobot) during pollination remain unknown. This study explores the impact of HRC on upper body joint angles during pollination tasks and plant height. HRC generally resulted in a significant reduction in joint angles with flexion decreasing by an average of 32.6 degrees (p ≤ 0.001) for both shoulders and 30.5 degrees (p ≤ 0.001) for the elbows. In addition, shoulder rotation decreased by an average of 19.1 (p ≤ 0.001) degrees. However, HRC increased the left elbow supination by 28.3 degrees (p ≤ 0.001). The positive effects of HRC were reversed when the robot was unreliable (i.e., missed its target), but this effect was not applicable for the left elbow. The effect of plant height was limited with higher plant height increasing right shoulder rotation but decreasing right elbow pronation. These findings aim to shed light on both the benefits and challenges of HRC in agriculture, providing valuable insights before deploying cobots in indoor agricultural settings.

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the Yield during Spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferrd to the field, and sprayed the seedling after 20 and 30 days of seedling with three concentrations which included control, without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of Magnesium and Calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N1 had significant effect in plant height and the number of leaves, H2B3N2 had significant effect in leaf area and leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves, It was found that the study factors and their interactions had a role in increasing the vegetative growth indicators of the sweet corn hybrids.

Multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in several crops across the USA, including corn. Due to unavoidable weather conditions, it is sometimes not possible for growers to apply pre-emergence herbicide; therefore, post-emergence (POST) herbicide is needed for effective control of MHR Palmer amaranth. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of POST herbicides applied at two heights (10-15 cm and 20-30 cm) for MHR Palmer amaranth control and their effect on Palmer amaranth biomass, density, and seed production as well as yield of glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant corn. Field experiments were conducted at a grower’s field near Carleton, Nebraska, USA in 2020 and 2021. Control of MHR Palmer amaranth was affected by the plant height when herbicides were applied. Glufosinate, dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, and dicamba/tembotrione applied to 10-15 cm tall Palmer amaranth provided ≥ 94% control 30 d after EPOST (DAEPOST), whereas atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor applied to 20-30 cm tall MHR Palmer amaranth provided 85% control in 2021. Glufosinate provided 85% to 90% control when applied to 20-30 cm tall Palmer amaranth in both years. At 90 DALPOST, dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, and dicamba/tembotrione applied to 10-15 cm tall Palmer amaranth provided ≥ 88% control. Dicamba/tembotrione, atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S–metolachlor, and dicamba applied to 20-30 cm tall Palmer amaranth provided 85% to 92% control. Glufosinate, dicamba, and atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S–metolachlor were the most effective for reducing Palmer amaranth density 2 to 19 plants m−2 when applied to 10-15 cm Palmer amaranth 30 DAEPOST compared with the nontreated control (137 plants m−2) in 2021; however, when applied to 20-30 cm Palmer amaranth, glufosinate, and atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S–metolachlor reduced density 5 to 19 plants m−2. At 30 DAEPOST, glufosinate and atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S–metolachlor had the lowest Palmer amaranth biomass (3-17 g m−2). Corn yield in 2020 was higher than 2021 due to more rain in 2020. All herbicides resulted in a similar yield in 2020. Lower seed production of 6,269 and 1,953 seeds plant-1 for 10-15 cm and 20-30 cm MHR Palmer amaranth were recorded with dicamba and atrazine/bicyclopyone/mesotrione/S–metolachlor.

Stalk lodging is the structural failure of crops due to external loading such as wind. Short-stature (i.e., dwarf) varieties of wheat and rice have shown promise in reducing lodging rates. However, similar dwarfing in large gains like maize and sorghum has typically been accompanied by undesirable commercial characteristics, including significantly decreased grain yields. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the relationship between lodging resistance and plant height in maize to better understand the potential impact of short-stature varieties of maize on lodging resistance. Results from both the engineering analysis and the experimental field study indicate a nearly 1:1 relationship between plant height and plant lodging resistance. These data support the validity of the engineering analysis and suggest that there exists a nearly linear relationship between crop lodging incidence and plant height. Plant height has a direct and quantifiable impact on crop lodging resistance as it influences the bending stresses experienced in the plant stem. This study presents the engineering analysis, supported by field experiments, that explains the cause of this nearly linear 1:1 relationship.

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of magnesium and calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N2 had significant effect in plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B2N2 had significant effect in the number of leaves. Plant-1 and H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves.

The effect of plant height and density of vegetation cover(millet) on the efficacy and residual effect of Metarhizium acridumconidia (Green Muscle®) in controlling Desert Locusts was evaluated insemi-field conditions inside large cages of 2x2x1 m. A mixed populationof third (L3) and fourth (L4) instars of nymphs was used as target. Thestudy was organized in two trials, separately carried out according to theplants height: Trial I, on short vegetation (27-37 cm) and Trial II, on tallvegetation (73-93cm). In both trials, the insects were treated in twodifferent vegetation covers: low (~10 %) and high (~100 %). A dose rateof 2.5 x 1012 conidia/ha was used with two different application volumes:1 and 2 L/ha. The efficacy of the biopesticide was evaluated by mortalityrate of treated nymphs followed during two weeks. On the other hand,untreated nymphs released in cages with treated vegetation were used toevaluate the effect of residual conidia in the two different vegetationstates. No significant influence of vegetation cover on the efficacy ofMetarhizium was observed in short vegetation (p = 0.828) or in tallvegetation (p =0.334) when a volume rate of 1 lire per hectare was used.In high vegetation cover, the increase of the applied volume rate to 2 litersper hectare significantly improved mortality rate. Also, conidia were alivesix days after treatment with good effect on untreated nymphs released ontreated vegetation. For the same period, no residual effect was observed in

Garland chrysanthemum is conventionally ratooned and harvested by selective hand picking. This manually intensive mode of harvesting may be improved by adopting mechanized harvesting practices. In view of incorporating machine harvesting into garland chrysanthemum crops, this study evaluated the effects of plant and cutting height on ratoon crop regrowth. Garland chrysanthemums were horizontally harvested using six combinations of three plant height levels at harvest (20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm) and three cutting height levels (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) over three repeated harvests. Plant height at harvest as well as the cutting height affected the total ratooning yield and regrowth process. If plant heights at harvest were low (20 cm) or cutting height relative to plant height at harvest was excessively high, yields decreased. Higher plant heights at harvest and lower cutting heights resulted in longer regrowth periods. Evaluation of branch structures revealed that low cutting heights decreased the number of branches and nodes remaining for regrowth. If the plant height at harvest was low (20 cm), node numbers tended to decrease. Excessively high cutting heights relative to plant height at harvest potentially results in the harvest of immature leaves and stems. We determined that harvesting at 30 cm plant height with 10 cm cutting height was suitable for ratooning, and resulted in high yields. This combination resulted in a sufficient number of first lateral branches and nodes on the plants, thus enabled the harvest of fully grown leaves.

A field experiment was carried out during two successive summer and two winter seasons (2016/2017- 2017/2018), at the College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, to assess the effect of bacterial strains, nitrogen and their combinations on fresh and dry forage yield. Treatments were distributed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in four replicates, which consisted of two maize genotypes (Hudibi2 (C1) and ZML309 (C2)). The form of two types of bacterial strains Bacillus megatherium var. phosphorous + Azotobacter spp + Azospirillium spp (B1) and Bacillus megatherium var. phosphorous + Azotobacter spp + Flavobacterium spp (B2), nitrogen applied at rates of 80kg/f (N) plus control. Parameters which were mustered plant height (cm) , number of leaves /plant , fresh and dry forage yield The results showed that the combinations of B1 and B2 with N increased fresh and dry forage yield compared to B1, B2 and N each alone at all seasons. The general trend was that combinations (B2+N) had significant effect of plant height, number of leaves/ plant, fresh and dry forage yield in all seasons. Moreover, statistical analysis appeared that performance of genotype C2 is better than genotype C1 in both summer and both winter seasons.

The experiment was carried out at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences farm, Duhok University, the experiment was laid out in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications and arranged in factorial experiment to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization levels and bread wheat genotypes (Tamoz-2, IPA-95 and Abu. Garib-3), and the foliar organic mineral fertilizer used at three rates 0.5, 0.75 and one litter. The results showed highly significant effect of bread wheat genotypes in all studied characters with exception of weight grain spike -1 , also organic fertilizer exhibited significant effect in plant height, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, number of grain spike, length of spike and grain yield, while the effect of interaction between genotypes and organic fertilizer levels showed highly significant effect for all characters except of spike length, the results indicated that the rate 1 liter and Abu. Garib-3 gave the maximum plant height, leaf area, 1000 grain weight, number of grain spike-1 , weight of grain spike-1 , spike length and grain weight with values (91.2, 56.9, 47.5, 48.7, 2.8, 8.7 and 355.0 gm) respectively. The correlation coefficient of grain yields gave highly significant with plant height (0.972), leaf area (0.916), 1000 grain weight (0.923), number of grain spike-1 (0.951) and spike length (0.974). The results for this study had shown that, using organic fertilizer and suitable wheat genotypes effects significantly on yield and most of yield components.

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staples crop of Pakistan and the Central Asia.The present research is an effort to clarify the super wheat genotypes, which were carried out at the experimental field area of Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Pakistan, in order to study the effect of intra-specific competition on individual plants of Wheat (variety Sahar 2006) during the 2013-2014 wheat growing season.The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design comprising of two rows spacing (15 and 30 cm) and broadcasting method of seeding with four replicates at a 30 days' interval by destruction method.Final harvest was carried out at the end of growing season (150 days after seeding).The agronomic characteristics of wheat have shown non-significant response for effect of row spacing at final harvest.However, application of Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve clearly indicated the inequalities in plant height, number and length of spike and spikelet among the individual plants.The Gini values are more pronounced at mid-season harvest compared with final harvest.The results of present study explained the reasons of inequality in plant height and growth within the pure-line of wheat crop.

Twelve newly developed white maize inbred lines were crossed with two testers i.e. SC 128 and SC 131 at Ismailia Agricultural Research Station during 2017 season. In 2018 summer season, the 24 top crosses and two white commercial check hybrids; TWC 321 and TWC 324 were evaluated under two locations (Loc); Ismailia and Mallawy Agricultural Research Stations. The studied traits were number of days to 50% silking (DS), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), number of rows/ear (RE), number of kernels/row (KR) and grain yield (GY). Mean square due to locations were significant for DS, EL, KR and GY traits. The crosses were significant for all studied traits, except PH trait. Mean square due to lines were highly significant for all traits except PH, EH, and KR. Mean square due to testers were highly significant for EH and GY. Also, mean square attributed to lines x testers interaction were highly significant for all traits except for DS, PH, and RE. The interactions of locations (Loc) with crosses and Loc x lines were highly significant for the studied traits except for PH. The superior inbred line Ism 6007 had desirable general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain yield and yield components. Also, the inbred line Ism 7100 showed better GCA effects for PH, EH, ED, RE and GY traits and inbred line Ism 7094 for earliness and grain yield. The tester SC 128 showed the highest GCA effect for grain yield. The best crosses for specific combining ability (SCA) effects were Ism 6040 x SC 128, Ism 7094 x SC 128, Ism 7169 x SC 128, Ism 7186 x SC 131 and Ism 7259 x SC 131 for grain yield and cross Ism 6007 x SC 131 for earliness, grain yield, and yield components. The non-additive gene effects were more important in controlling all studied traits. Moreover, non-additive gene effects were more interacted by environmental conditions than additive gene effects for all studied traits. The highest mean values and significant of crosses for grain yield (GY) were obtained from the Ism 6040 x SC 128 (37.5 ard/fad.), Ism 6007 x SC 131 (37.0 ard/fad.), Ism 7169 x SC 128 (36.7 ard/fad.), and Ism 7094 x SC 128 (35.5 ard/fad.). These three ways crosses out yielding significant than the commercial hybrids TWC 321 (33.7 ard/fad.) and TWC 324 (32.5 ard/fed). These promising hybrids should be tested in advanced trails.

In modern conditions, the need for cultivation of grain sorghum in regions with insufficient moisture is determined by its high yield and grain quality. For practical breeding, with the objective of assessing linkages 19 morphological and physiological traits model of the population including 15 varieties and 2 promising lines of grain sorghum that is created in the Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize. The biochemical composition of the grain of the objects of research is presented graphically.
 A different degree of variation in the characteristics of grain sorghum was revealed: very strong (V> 40,0%) - productive bushiness, number of grains from 1 panicle; strong (20,0% <V <40,0%) - the width of the panicle, the extension of the panicle leg, the thickness of the upper internode, the area of the flag leaf, the area of the fourth on top of the leaf, the mass of the grain from 1 panicle; weak (V <10,0%) - the height of the plants after 30 days, the height of the plants during maturation. The group with an average degree of variation (10.0% <V <20.0%) includes all other signs measured in the experiment. Factor analysis was used to optimize, interpret the calculated matrix of correlation coefficients. In the analysis of the correlation coefficient matrix, hypothetical factors with a contribution of more than 5% to the accumulated variance are calculated. The first hypothetical factor is determined by the high effects of morphophysiological features. The second factor is largely due to the contribution of plant height 30 days after germination and the extension of the panicle legs. Plant height at maturity, weight of 1000 grains make the greatest contribution to the third factor. The width of the panicle makes the greatest contribution to the accumulated dispersion of the fourth factor. The fifth factor is determined by the effects of plant height at the beginning and end of vegetation, as well as the total contribution of all studied features.

Field experiment were conducted at Yola and Mubi locations to study the effects of increased plant population of five (5) varieties of maize Viz: SAMMAZ 11, SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15, SAMMAZ 16, and SAMMAZ 17 on yield and yield component during the 2011 cropping season. The experimental design was a split plot design with maize varieties as the main plot treatments, while plant population, (53,333, 63,333, 80,000 and 106,666) as the sub-plot treatments. The treatment were replicated three (3) times. Characters measured included plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of days to 50% tasseling, number of day to 50 % silking, days to 95% maturity, number of ear per plant, stem diameter, length of ear, diameter of ear, number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight, number of grains per ear. Yield per plot and total grain yield per hectare. The result of the experiments showed that there was significant difference due to varietal effect in plant height at 3 WAS in Yola and at 7 WAS and 9 WAS in Mubi. Variety also affects days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking and days to 95% maturity at both locations. Variety also affects ear length at both locations. Interaction of variety and population affected harvest index in Mubi. Population significantly affected yield per plant, yield per plot, total grain yield per hectare in both locations. Combined analysis result showed highly significant effect due to location on plant height at 3 and 5 WAS and also due to variety. Location also affected number of leaves per plant significantly at 3WAS and highly significantly at 5, 7, 9 and 11 WAS. Varieties affected number of leaves per plant at 5 and 9 WAS and was highly significant at 11 WAS. Location and varieties affected days to 50% tasseling, days to 50 % silking and days to 95% maturity, while population only affected days to 50% silking. Diameter of ear and harvest index was highly significant by location and on number of grains per row. Varieties also showed significant differences in length of ear. Location affected straw weight per plant, while varieties affected yield per plant and yield per plot, weight of 100 grain yield and total grain yield per hectare was also highly significantly affected. Population affected yield per plant, especially the ones in Yola. Straw weight, total grain yield and weight of 100 grain were significantly affected. SAMMAZ 15 which gave a plant population of 106,666 ha-1 is recommended at both locations.

An experiment was conducted in the wooden canopy affiliated to the Technical College AL-Musaib during the period from the beginning of March until the end of December, 2017 on local lemon citron seedlings aged seven months and grafted on the two seed roots Sour orange and Sweet lemon to study the effect spray and soil fertilizers feeding of organic TARASOIL CALCIO with concentration(0, 50, 100)ml.L-1and sprays of DECSON with concentration of (0, 10, 20) ml. L-1to study the characteristics of vegetative, The soil fertilization in 11/4/2017, 11/5/2017, 11/9/2017 and 11/10/2017, foliar spray in 74//2017, 7/5/2017, 7/9/2017 and 7/10/2017, the experiment was applied by Completely Randomized Design(C.R.D)as factorial experiment(2×3×3) with three replicates and three seedling and 162 seedlings as a total group, The results were analyzed using the statistical analysis program(Excel). The averages were compared according to the least significant difference(L.S.D)at a probability level of (0.05), The type of rootstock have a significant effect on vegetative, The rootstock of sweet lemon increased plant height, leaves the number, leaf area, while rootstock sour orange increased in the stem, Scion. Stalk of sweet lemon +100ml.L-1TARASOIL CALCIO had a suppressive effect in plant height, leaves number while rootstock sour orange suppressive in stock stem, Scion, leaf area, Stalk of sweet lemon +20 ml.L-1 DECSON had a suppressive effect in plant height, leaf number, leaf area while Sour crease stalk a suppressive in main stem, Scion. sweet lemon stalk+100ml.L-1TARASOIL CALCIO+20 ml.L-1 DECSON had a suppressed in plant height, Scion, leaf number, leaf area, while stalk the orange had a suppressive effect in a stock stem.