Effect Of Zinc Doping Research Articles

Effect of Zinc Doping and Porosity on Structural, Morphological and Gas Sensing Properties of Porous Zn:SnO2 Bilayer Thin Film

Effect of Zinc Doping and Porosity on Structural, Morphological and Gas Sensing Properties of Porous Zn:SnO2 Bilayer Thin Film

Effect of zinc doping on structural, bonding nature and magnetic properties of co-precipitated magnesium–nickel ferrites

Abstract This paper describes the electronic structure, bonding nature and magnetic properties of Mg0.5Ni0.5−x Zn x Fe2O4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) nano-spinel ferrite samples synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Spinel structure with Fd 3 ̄ $\bar{3}$ m space group is confirmed by XRD analysis with trace amounts of hematite. The results of XRD and FTIR confirm the formation of spinel structure. The estimated average crystallite size ranges from 35 to 59 nm by different methods. The FESEM analysis revealed that the samples have a generally porous aspect. Particle size analysis indicates that the average particle size is approximately 150 nm. Covalent bond exists between the tetrahedral A site – oxygen atom (A–O) and ionic nature exists between the octahedral B site – oxygen atom (B–O) in the two sub lattices of the ferrite unit cell, as determined by the maximum entropy method. Mg0.5Ni0.3Zn0.2Fe2O4 demonstrates high A–O covalency and B–O covalency/ionic boundary based on MEM electron density analysis.

Effect of zinc doping on the radiation shielding properties of calcium ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via green extract approach

indent Nanoparticles (NPs) of calcium ferrite doped with Zinc in the range of 10–50 mol % were successfully synthesized using solution combustion method. Neem leaves extract played a crucial role as a reducing agent in the synthesis process, followed by calcination at 500 °C. The comprehensive characterization of these nanoparticles confirmed the formation of orthorhombic calcium ferrite, and distinct Bragg reflections were observed due to Zinc doping. Notably, the nanoparticles displayed irregular shapes and varying sizes, along with the presence of pores and voids within their morphology. The optical energy band gap, determined using Wood and Tauc’s relation, fell within the range of 2.85 to 2.96 eV. Interestingly, as the zinc substitution increased, the energy band gap increased while the crystallite size decreased. The evaluation of radiation protection capacity included an in-depth examination of shielding parameters, encompassing the mass attenuation coefficient and its derivatives like mean free path, half-value layer, and effective atomic number. Additionally, variations in the energy-absorbing buildup factor across different energy regions were thoroughly investigated. The research also explored neutron shielding and bremsstrahlung radiation parameters, taking into account the zinc concentration in calcium ferrite nanoparticles. This aspect is particularly crucial in the field of radiation dosimetry, emphasizing the importance of understanding how these nanoparticles, with varying zinc concentrations, influence radiation absorption and dosimetric outcomes.

The effect of zinc doping on the cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for treatment of bone infection

In the face of antibiotic resistance, new antibacterial methods are urgently needed for bone infections. Local delivery of therapeutic metal ions via osteogenic nanoparticles (NPs) is a viable alternative, but high concentrations risk toxicity to mammalian cells. In this study first four ions (Mg2+, Sr2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) were assessed for cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Only zinc ions showed antibacterial effects at non-toxic levels. Subsequently, zinc-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ZnHA NPs) were synthesized with varying zinc content (0–20 mol%). ZnHA NPs were characterized on size, morphology, composition, and antibacterial activity, with 15 mol% ZnHA NPs exhibiting the optimal balance between cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy. These NPs show promise as deliverable biomaterials for bone infection treatment.

Zinc doping effects on the microstructural, electrical and optical properties of nanostructured ZnxBi2-xS3 ([formula omitted]) thin films grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Zinc-doped bismuth sulfide (Bi2-xZnxS3) nanocrystalline thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique and their structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties experimentally addressed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy have confirmed the generation of a single-phase polycrystalline orthorhombic material. The crystallite size and micro-deformation of the films was found to depend on the dopant concentration. The surface appears condensed and dense with a uniform spatial grain distribution, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies revealed a certain Bi deficiency in both undoped and Zn-doped films. When the nominal Zn doping concentration increases from x = 0 to x = 0.09, the crystallite size decreases from 30 to 21 nm. The optical band gap of the films increased from 1.62 to 1.65 eV with Zn content increasing up to x = 0.06, then reducing to 1.58 eV for the maximum Zn content. Optical measurements showed a high absorption coefficient (α > 104 cm−1) in the visible and near-infrared ranges. The Urbach energy followed a similar behavior as a function of doping concentration. The electrical conductivity as well as the sheet carrier mobility of the Bi2-xZnxS3 films increase sharply by increasing the Zn content up to x = 0.06. For this doping concentration, mobility reaches 1.37 × 105 cm2/Vs while keeping carrier concentration above 1017 cm−3. Our experimental results provide strong evidence that Zn-doping is a suitable method to increase Bi2S3 light-harvesting efficiency in solar cell devices.

Effect of Zinc Doping on Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Catalytic Behavior of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Combustion Method

Effect of Zinc Doping on Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Catalytic Behavior of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Combustion Method

Effect of zinc doping on the structure and optical properties of iron oxide nanostructured films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique

Effect of zinc doping on the structure and optical properties of iron oxide nanostructured films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique

Effects of zinc doping on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of SnO2 thin films

The aim of the present study was to deposited and characterized Zn-doped SnO2 thin films for different weight concentrations (wt.%) 0, 3, 5 and 7% produced by spray pyrolysis. The characterization by XRD showed that the layers are polycrystalline in nature, with tetragonal structure of rutile type due to the presence of intense peak of orientation (110) located around the angle 26° for all the films produced. The variations in FWHM and the crystallite size were very well correlated. The SEM micrograph shows a relatively dense and smooth surface exhibited by the 3 wt.% doped film. This result can be explained by considering the following reasons: the substitution of the Sn+4 cations for the Zn+2 cations facilitate, the crystallite size increase and the decrease in defects. The contact angles measured using water droplets were less than 90° for all the films produced, which proves the hydrophilic characteristic of the films, meanwhile the film doped with 3 wt.% Zn had a high contact angle (88.09°). This result suggests that a doping concentration equal to 3 wt.% Zn can be considered as a critical concentration in changing the surface morphology of the Zn-doped SnO2 films produced. The analysis by UV-visible spectrophotometer showed a transmittance varying between 76 to 87% depending on the doping. The 3 wt.% Zn-doped SnO2 film was found to have high transmittance (87%) and better optical property with minimum resistivity (ρ = 0.044 Ω cm) among the deposited films. This work demonstrated that the 3 wt.% Zn-doped SnO2 film improves the physical properties of the SnO2 film, allowing it to be integrated into the optoelectronic device.

Insight into the impact of zinc doping on the structural, surface, and biological properties of magnasium oxide nanoparticles stabilized by Vateria indica (L.) fruit extract

The present study is an attempt to delineate the effect of zinc doping on the green synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs. Pure (MgOVI) and zinc doped (ZnMgOVI) NPs were synthesized employing an aqueous fruit extract of V. indica as capping and reducing agents. The various analytical techniques viz. FTIR, PXRD, FESEM, and EDS spectroscopy together with elemental mapping analyses substantiated the formation of pure and doped NPs with crystallite sizes 23.74 and 25.41 nm. The study of surface properties through BET analysis unfolded the formation of mesoporous NPs with a surface area of 7.4 and 5.3 m2g-1 for pure and doped NPs respectively. Additionally, the refinement of obtained PXRD data through Rietveld refinement corroborated the changes in cell parameters after zinc doping. The anti-inflammatory activity carried out unveiled the biocompatibility of obtained NPs by exhibiting a % HRBCS of 83.65 ± 0.002 and 85.69 ± 0.003 for MgOVI and ZnMgOVI NPs. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity of MgOVI and ZnMgOVI NPs performed revealed their excellent α-amylase inhibition activity (86.29 ± 0.001and 86.44 ± 0.002%). Furthermore, the NPs also displayed anti-microbial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtulis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Pseudomonas syringae, and Escherichia coli. Thus the studies have evinced the superlative antidiabetic and antimicrobial potentialities of MgOVI and ZnMgOVI NPs with high biocompatibility.

Investigation the effect of Zn doping on structural and optical properties of SnO2

Herein, pure and Zn doped SnO2 nanostructures with different Zn-doping (1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%), have been prepared by the hydrothermal method. Structural parameters of the prepared samples were measured by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained XRD results suggest high crystallinity and tetragonal rutile structure of the synthesized nanostructures. Also, the broadening and shifting in the peaks position on doping indicates the successful insertion of Zn ion into SnO2 crystal lattice. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) results confirms the presence of zinc in the Zn doped SnO2 nanostructures. Further, the spectroscopic analysis was also carried out using Raman, UV–visible and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. All the prepared samples exhibit strong and broad Raman and PL peaks. In addition, the observed optical bandgap of the doped nanostructures is smaller than pure SnO2 nanostructures. The effect of zinc doping on structural and optical properties of SnO2 nanostructures have been studied and correlated.

Zinc-doped iron oxide nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications

A simple, cost-effective method of two-step anodization is used to prepare environmentally benign zinc-doped iron oxide nanostructures for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. The effect of zinc doping on the structure and morphology of iron oxide nanostructure is analysed with the help of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A detailed analysis of the changes in the binding energy positions of Fe 2p, O 1s, Zn 2p and valence band maximum with variation in doping concentration is carried out with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A combined analysis of valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra and optical reflectance spectra indicates a shift in Fermi level characteristic to a conversion from n-type in pure α-Fe2O3 to p-type in 5-s zinc-doped α-Fe2O3. The room-temperature electrical conductivity of the doped is improved by five orders compared to the undoped nanostructures. The zinc-doped iron oxide nanostructures with p-type conductivity are found to show high photocatalytic degradation efficiency for the organic dye methylene blue. Significant antimicrobial activity is observed with the nanostructures for the microbes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and E. coli.

Effect of Zinc Doping on the Electrical and Dielectric Properties of CCTO Compound Synthesized by Solid-State Method

In this work, the influence of zinc doping on structural and dielectric properties of CaCu(3-x)ZnxTi4O12 (CCZxTO with x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%) ceramics sintered at 1000 ºC for 8 h was studied. The ceramic samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state and calcined at 1050 ºC for 4 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of pure and Zn-doped CCTO were analyzed by using Rietveld refinement with cubic CCTO phase with no trace impurity phase. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation showed that for Zn-doped CCTO, the grains distributions were homogenous with average sizes which decreased with increasing of Zn concentration. The dielectric permittivity as function of temperature showed two dielectric anomalies (weakly and strong) and the dielectric constant value largely decreased for x = 2.5%, which is about tree magnitude smaller than the pure ceramic. Then it increased and reached a maximum at x = 10%, which is larger than the value of pure ceramic. And for x > 10%, the dielectric constant decreased for about two magnitude smaller than the ceramic at x = 10%. The cole-cole diagramm for all the samples showed existence of two semi-arcs attributed to the grains and grains boundaries. It was found that the Rg values were much smaller than the Rgb value. This give an evidance on the formation of interior barrier layer capacity (IBLC).

Effect of Zinc doping on structural, optical and morphological properties of spray deposited cerium oxide thin film for low level formaldehyde detection

Pure and doping with Zn material on CeO2 films were formed on the substrate at 250 °C and further it was annealing at 350 °C in the atmosphere for 2 h using spray pyrolysis technique. Noticeable variation in the crystallite size, porosity, band gap and room temperature sensing response was observed due to Zn-doping. The sensing studies namely response of resistivity, sensitivity and response-recovery characteristics of both films were compared at 32 °C. The appreciable sensing response was observed for doping with Zn ions into CeO2 film in formaldehyde at a lower detection (0.5 ppm) at 32 °C.

Effect of zinc doping on the optoelectronic properties of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition by utilising an alternative sulphur precursor

CdS is commonly used as a window layer in solar cell structure and is deposited by different growth techniques. In this study, a source-dependent comparative analysis on chemical bath deposition-grown CdS thin film focusing on different sulphur sources, namely, thiourea (NH2SCNH2) and N-methylthiourea (NH2CSNHCH3), was conducted. Moreover, the effect of Zn2+ doping on as-grown CdS film from the abovementioned sulphur sources was examined. Results reveal that the optical transmittance increases with the increase in zinc concentration. The optical bandgap ranges from 2.35 eV to 2.45 eV whilst thiourea is used as sulphur source, and the bandgap ranges from 2.2 eV to 2.4 eV whilst N-methylthiourea (NMT hereinafter) is utilised. Notably, the electrical properties are independent of the difference in sulphur sources. Zn2+-doped CdS thin films with NMT as sulphur source exhibit ideal optoelectrical properties for the usage as window layers in solar cell device applications.

Investigating the effect of Zn doping on physical properties of nanostructured Sb2S3 thin films by dip-coating technique

In this research, the effect of zinc doping on physical properties of Sb2S3 thin films grown by the sol–gel dip-coating method, on the glass substrates was investigated. XRD patterns indicated that the Znx(Sb2S3)1-x (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) thin films have orthorhombic crystalline structure while the intensity of the peaks decreased with increasing Zn contamination. The FESEM images demonstrated that the grain size decreased with increasing Zn concentration. The porosity of the samples changed by different values of Zn. The optical transmission spectra exhibited a shift in the absorption edge for various zinc concentrations. The refractive index of sample with x = 0.02 has the highest value among all samples. In addition, the band gap of thin films is about 2.4–3.6 eV. The PL spectra showed the doped sample with the x value of 0.02 which has the highest visible emission. Also, the contact angle measurements showed that the surface of the films were hydrophilic.

Effect of zinc-doping on tensile strength of Σ5 bcc Fe symmetric tilt grain boundary

Liquid-zinc-induced embrittlement in the Σ5 [1 0 0] 36.8° symmetric tilt grain boundary (STGB) of bcc Fe is investigated using the first-principles computational tensile test (FPCTT). The result reveals that the strength and ductility of the grain boundary (GB) decrease after zinc doping. In addition, the effect of zinc on the chemical bond and electronic structure of the GB is investigated, and the result shows that Zn segregation either breaks or weakens the surrounding interface of the Fe (2)–Fe (−2) bond, reducing the bond strength. The reasons for the this reduction include both physical and electrochemical factors: The physical factor involves the expansion of the bcc Fe GB, the increase of the Fe (2)–Fe (−2) bond length, and the weakening of the Fe (2)–Fe (−2) bond strength by Zn, while the electrochemical factor involves the formation of a covalent bond between the Zn (1) and Fe (2) atoms, which reduces the charge density between the Fe (2) and Fe (−2) atoms and weakens the Fe (2)–Fe (−2) bond strength.

Photoluminescence mechanism and applications of Zn-doped carbon dots.

Heteroatom-doped carbon dots (CDs) with excellent optical characteristics and negligible toxicity have emerged in many applications including bioimaging, biosensing, photocatalysis, and photothermal therapy. The metal-doping of CDs using various heteroatoms results in an enhancement of the photophysics but also imparts them with multifunctionality. However, unlike nonmetal doping, typical metal doping results in low fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), and an unclear photoluminescence mechanism. In this contribution, we detail results concerning zinc doped CDs (Zn-CDs) with QYs of up to 35%. The zinc ion charges serve as a surface passivating agent and prevent the aggregation of graphene π–π stacking, leading to an increase in the QY of the Zn-CDs. Structural and chemical investigations using spectroscopic and first principle simulations further revealed the effects of zinc doping on the CDs. The robust Zn-CDs were used for the ultra-trace detection of Hg2+ with a detection limit of 0.1 μM, and a quench mechanism was proposed. The unique optical properties of the Zn-CDs have promise for use in applications such as in vivo sensing and future phototherapy applications.

Effect of zinc doping on the bandgap and photoluminescence of Zn2+-doped TiO2 nanowires

This study was focused on the effect of Zn2+ dopant concentration on the absorption edge and photoluminescence of anatase TiO2 nanowires synthesized by hydrothermal technique. For the undoped anatase TiO2 nanowires, the indirect band gap of 3.26eV and the direct band gap of 3.58eV are assigned to the indirect Γ3→X1b and direct X2b→X1b transitions, respectively. The Zn2+-doping makes the absorption edge of TiO2:Zn2+ nanowires shift towards the lower energy side (red shift). On the other hand, the replacing Ti4+ ions with Zn2+ ions creates oxygen vacancies (VO) and shallow defects associated with VO. Just these defects are responsible for the enhanced luminescence of Zn2+-doped TiO2 nanowires.

Effect of zinc doping on phase evolution and characterization of nanocrystalline bismuth ferrite synthesized by chemical solution route

Bismuth ferrite a multiferroic material at room temperature is synthesized by solution route. BiFe1-xZnxO3 with (x = 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125) has been prepared by doping bismuth ferrite with zinc at Fe site. Annealing of all the samples is carried at 450 °C for 2 h. The phases are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and it is observed that all the samples are rhombohedral for undoped and 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5% zinc doped bismuth ferrite crystallites along with major planes of orientation. Using Scherrer’s formula, it is confirmed that prepared undoped and zinc doped bismuth ferrites are nanocrystallites in dimension. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed the structural morphology of the prepared nanocrystallites and seems to be agglomerated in form with anisotropic growth and interconnected pores. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies confirmed the presence of required elements for the successful synthesis in preparing undoped and zinc doped bismuth ferrite samples. The molecular signature of the samples is determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for both undoped and zinc doped bismuth ferrite. Doping leads to optimize changes in dielectric properties, comparable change in ampere as obtained from I-V curve. I-V curve obtained is nonlinear, while magnetic property improves, since Zn doping modifies spiral spin magnetic moment due to its particle size near to wavelength of antiferromagnetic axis of rotation and suppression of cycloid spin structure.

Insights into the Effects of Zinc Doping on Structural Phase Transition of P2-Type Sodium Nickel Manganese Oxide Cathodes for High-Energy Sodium Ion Batteries.

P2-type sodium nickel manganese oxide-based cathode materials with higher energy densities are prime candidates for applications in rechargeable sodium ion batteries. A systematic study combining in situ high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), ex situ X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR) techniques was carried out to gain a deep insight into the structural evolution of P2-Na0.66Ni0.33-xZnxMn0.67O2 (x = 0, 0.07) during cycling. In situ HEXRD and ex situ TEM measurements indicate that an irreversible phase transition occurs upon sodium insertion-extraction of Na0.66Ni0.33Mn0.67O2. Zinc doping of this system results in a high structural reversibility. XAFS measurements indicate that both materials are almost completely dependent on the Ni(4+)/Ni(3+)/Ni(2+) redox couple to provide charge/discharge capacity. SS-NMR measurements indicate that both reversible and irreversible migration of transition metal ions into the sodium layer occurs in the material at the fully charged state. The irreversible migration of transition metal ions triggers a structural distortion, leading to the observed capacity and voltage fading. Our results allow a new understanding of the importance of improving the stability of transition metal layers.