Effects Of Water Table Depth Research Articles

Effects of water table depth and calcium perioxide application on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max)

The effects of three water table (WT) depths (0, 15 and 40 cm) and calcium peroxide (Calper) on the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L.) and soybean (Glycine max) were investigated in field lysimeters for a sandy loam soil. Cowpea growth was the best at 40 cm WT depth. Leaf area, plant height, dry matter production, number of leaves and pods, grain yield and consumptive water use of cowpea increases with deeper (lower) WT depth. Application of calcium peroxide improved per cent emergence, leaf area, dry matter, number of leaves and pods, weight of 100 seeds, grain yield and water use in cowpea. The optimum WT depth for vegetative growth of soybean was 15 cm, although the highest grain yield was obtained at 40 cm WT depth. Number of pods, grain yield and water use efficiency of soybean increased with deeper water table depth. Application of calcium peroxide to soybean increased number of leaves and pods per plant, and grain yield for the 15 cm WT depth treatment.

Effect of water table depth and tillage methods on plant-water status and yield of rice

Effects of water table depths on plant-water status, and on growth and yields of two rice varieties (TOS 78 and TOS 848) were studied in a lysimetric investigation. A field study was also conducted on a hydromorphic soil to investigate the effects of fluctuating water table on rice. The leaf-water potential of TOS 78 monitored at 1300 hours at 50% flowering stage was −17.5 and −23.0 bars for 0 and 60 cm water table depths, respectively. When grown under soil moisture stress, TOS 848 maintained higher leaf-water potential (−17.5 barvs −22.5 bar) and yielded more than TOS 78. Under hydromorphic soil conditions, no-tillage treatments yielded the same as conventionally tilled plots.

Effects of Water-Table Depth and Irrigation on Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

In North Dakota, irrigation is being developed 3 on large areas of coarse- and moderately coarse-textured soils underlain by shallow, nonsaline water tables (8)4. Thus, drainage is a part of ini­ tial irrigation development. Also, extensive areas of similar soils overlaying nonsaline aquifers are being privately developed for irri­ gation. High value crops such as sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are expected to be grown. Sugarbeets respond well to irrigation because they continue to grow in August and September when rainfall in North Dakota is very limited .

Effects of Water-Table Depth and Irrigation on Sugarbeet Yield and Quality

In North Dakota, irrigation is being developed 3 on large areas of coarse- and moderately coarse-textured soils underlain by shallow, nonsaline water tables (8)4. Thus, drainage is a part of ini­ tial irrigation development. Also, extensive areas of similar soils overlaying nonsaline aquifers are being privately developed for irri­ gation. High value crops such as sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) are expected to be grown. Sugarbeets respond well to irrigation because they continue to grow in August and September when rainfall in North Dakota is very limited .

Título en español.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio en el que se determinó el efecto de la profundidad del nivel freático en la producción de caña y azúcar de las variedades PR 980, PR 1028, PR 1059, PR 1141, PR 64-610, PR 61-632 y PR 64-2705 sembradas en tanques lisímetros a la intemperie. Mediante el uso de tubería plástica perforada instalada a distintas profundidades y distancias, se estudió en el campo el efecto de la profundidad del nivel freático en la producción de caña y azúcar de la variedad PR 980. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las variedades de caña difieren en su comportamiento con respecto a la profundidad del nivel freático. Las variedades PR 980, PR 1059, PR 64-610, PR 61-632 y PR 64-2705 produjeron significativamente más caña y azúcar según bajaba el nivel freático. Las variaciones en profundidad del nivel freático no afectaron significativamente las producciones de las variedades PR 1028 y PR 1141. Bajo condiciones de campo, mediante el uso de tubería plástica perforada, la variedad PR 980 produjo significativamente más azúcar que en las parcelas testigos. En general, los elementos nutritivos N, K, Ca y Mg se absorbieron en mayores cantidades a medida que bajó el nivel freático. Se puede decir que el uso de los tanques lisímetros para estos estudios es una buena indicación de lo que ocurre bajo condiciones de campo.

Effect of Water Table Depth on Yield of Cabbage, Squash, and Tendergreen

Abstract Cabbage, Brassica oleracea, var. Capitata L.; squash, Cucurbita pepo Alef.; and tendergreen, Brassica perviridis Bailey were grown at various water table depths in sheltered soil tanks on a fine sandy loam and a loam soil to evaluate the effects of high water table and soil type on growth and yield of these vegetable crops. Yields of the 3 species increased with water table depth to a depth of 76 to 102 cm. On both soil types the 15-cm water table depth caused considerable yield reduction and chlorosis for the 3 species. For maximum yields deeper water table depths were needed with loam than with sandy loam soil. Yield of cabbage was not significantly increased at water table depths greater than 30 cm in either soil. Squash yield was highest at water table depths of 61 to 76 cm in the fine sandy loam and 91 to 102 cm in the loam soil. Tendergreen yield was not significantly increased by water table depths greater than 61 cm in either soil.

Growth and chemical composition of eight grasses grown under high water table conditions

Abstract Eight grasses were grown under high water table conditions for 14 weeks in a greenhouse experiment. Water tables were maintained at 2 or 5 inches below the soil surface. Differences in water table depth influenced clipping yields only slightly. Although total root weights were not reduced with the 2‐inch water table, there was a trend for fewer roots at lower depths and more roots near the surface with this treatment. The shallowest root systems occurred with annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass and creeping red fescue. Elemental composition of the clippings was influenced by species and time of sampling. The greatest effect of water table depth on elemental content of the clippings occurred with Mn.

Effect of Water Table Depth and Flooding on Yield of Millet1

AbstractYields of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown in both sheltered and nonsheltered soil tanks increased with water table depth to a depth of 76 cm. In the sheltered tanks yields were similar for all water table depths greater than 61 cm. The N, P, and K contents of plants grown grown with water tables at 15 or 30 cm in the sheltered tanks were significantly lower than for deeper water table depths. Except for the tanks with 15‐ and 30‐cm water tables, the oxygen content by volume was generally above 18% at the 15‐cm depth, indicating that the region of greatest root mass (0 to 8 cm) was probably well aerated. Since yields were affected by water table depths down to 76 cm, it appears that the few roots extending below the 8‐cm depth were nevertheless necessary o supply nutrients to the plant. Yield data suggest that O2 was low in a portion of the root zone where water tables were less than 76 cm below the surface.Two days of flooding 4 weeks before the First harvest reduced the first harvest yield 40%, but did not affect the second harvest yield. Flooding at earlier or later dates caused less yield reduction.

Effect of Water Table Depth and Method of Watering on Yield of Stringbeans1

AbstractThe yield of stringbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in field lysimeters in which water tables were maintained at constant depths was determined for treatments with and without surface watering. The yield was highly dependent upon the method of watering. When both subsurface and surface water applications were made, the yield of pods and vines was almost 0 for the 15.2‐cm water table depth. As the depth to the water table increased, the yield continued to increase until the maximum yield was obtained with water tables at 61 to 76 cm. With only subsurface watering, the yield from the 15.2‐cm water table treatment was about half the maximum yield which was obtained at the 30.5‐cm water table depth.