Effects Of Walking Training Research Articles

Effects of Walking Training according to Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Speed Control Balance of Stroke Patients

Effects of Walking Training according to Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Speed Control Balance of Stroke Patients

Effects of walking training at different speeds on body composition, muscle contractility, and immunocytes in the elderly: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study investigated the changes in body composition, muscle contractility and immunocytes of the elderly using three types of walking. Material and MethodsSeventy-six participants were randomly assigned to control group (CON), slow walking group (SWG), moderate walking group (MWG), or fast walking group (FWG). ResultsMuscle mass in CON decreased (-2.55 ± 3.63%; P < 0.05), while it increased in FWG (1.92 ± 4.46%; P < 0.05). Fat mass in CON increased, whereas it decreased in MWG and FWG (-18.71 ± 14.22%; P < 0.001). Tc (contraction time) of biceps femoris (BF) decreased in CON, while a decreasing tendency was seen in SWG. Although Tc of BF increased in MWG, it showed a marked increase in FWG (21.19 ± 24.53%; P < 0.05). A similar tendency was observed in the rectus femoris. Leukocytes did not change in CON, but they showed an increasing tendency in MWG and FWG. Neutrophils decreased in CON, whereas the other groups showed an increasing tendency. Lymphocytes (10.25 ± 19.48%; P < 0.01) and helper T cells (14.32 ± 17.99%; P < 0.05) showed an increase in FWG, and NK cell was improved in SWG, but showed a clear increase in MWG (38.45 ± 96.96%; P < 0.05) and FWG (52.69 ± 58.37%; P < 0.05). ConclusionsThis study concludes that fast walking by the elderly improves the muscle contractility, which can also be expected to improve the function of immunocytes by increased or maintained muscle mass and decreased fat mass after 12 weeks.

Effects of Exercise Frequency and Intensity on Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Insomnia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundThe effects of exercise frequency and intensity on alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults with insomnia are unclear.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different exercise frequencies and intensities on prescribed aerobic-type physical activity (i.e., 75 min of vigorous-intensity exercise or 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise weekly) for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults living with insomnia, as recommended by the WHO.DesignThis study is a randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial.SettingThis study is conducted at a single research site in Hong Kong.ParticipantsThis study includes older adults aged 50 years or above with depressive symptoms and insomnia.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio to the following groups: attention control (CON), moderate walking once weekly (MOD × 1/week), moderate walking thrice weekly (MOD × 3/week), vigorous walking once weekly (VIG × 1/week), and vigorous walking thrice weekly (VIG × 3/week). The total weekly exercise volumes among the walking groups were matched to the minimum recommended physical activity volume.MeasurementsDepression, anxiety, self-perceived sleep quality, insomnia severity, actigraphy-assessed 7-day sleep data, 7-day sleep diary, cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence, and habitual physical activity were examined at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.ResultsBoth MOD × 3/week and VIG × 3/week groups demonstrated reduced depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] – Depression: MOD × 3/wk: −68.6%; VIG × 3/week: −67.4%) and anxiety levels (HADS – Anxiety: MOD × 3/week: −54.3%; VIG × 3/week: −59.8%) compared with CON (both p < 0.01). Self-perceived sleep quality was improved in MOD × 3/week (−31.4% of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), VIG × 1/week (−34.1% of PSQI), and VIG × 3/week (−38.3% of PSQI), but not in MOD × 1/week, when compared with CON (p < 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed in this study.ConclusionThe effects of walking training on reducing depressive symptoms appeared to be dependent on exercise frequency. Our findings suggest that three sessions of walking per week at either moderate or vigorous-intensity effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults with insomnia. Additional research is needed to further verify the effects of exercise frequency on depression.Clinical Trial Registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04354922].

Effect of Walking Training with Textured Insole Socks in Older Adults

Aims To evaluate the effects of textured insole socks on balance, gait parameters, and fall risk in older adults at risk of falling. Methods Thirty older adults at risk of falls participated and were randomly allocated equally to the intervention (texture insole socks) or control (unmodified socks) groups. Both groups were asked to walk on a 10-meter walkway for 2000 steps/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems test, the modified 30-second chair stand test, and Gait Analyzer application. Results Textured insole socks increased balance and decreased the risk of falls in older adults to the same extent as unmodified socks. The beneficial effect on balance lasted at least for 2 weeks. No significant changes were observed in gait parameters for either group. Conclusions These interventions may be viewed as low-cost instruments for improving balance and lowering the risk of falls in older adults.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to walking training on walking, mobility, and reduction of falls in Parkinson\u2019s disease: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the potential to modulate cortical excitability and enhance the effects of walking training in people with Parkinson’s disease. This study will examine the efficacy of the addition of tDCS to a task-specific walking training to improve walking and mobility and to reduce falls in people with Parkinson’s disease.MethodsThis is a two-arm, prospectively registered, randomized trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors, participants and therapists, and intention-to-treat analysis. Twenty-four individuals with Parkinson’s disease, categorized as slow or intermediate walkers (walking speeds ≤ 1.0 m/s), will be recruited. The experimental group will undertake a 30-min walking training associated with tDCS, for 4 weeks. The control group will undertake the same walking training, but with sham-tDCS. The primary outcome will be comfortable walking speed. Secondary outcomes will include walking step length, walking cadence, walking confidence, mobility, freezing of gait, fear of falling, and falls. Outcomes will be collected by a researcher blinded to group allocation at baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 4), and 1 month beyond intervention (week 8).DiscussiontDCS associated with walking training may help improve walking of slow and intermediate walkers with Parkinson’s disease. If walking is enhanced, the benefits may be accompanied by better mobility and reduced fear of falling, and individuals may experience greater free-living physical activity at home and in the community.Trial registrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) RBR-6bvnx6. Registered on September 23, 2019

Transcranial direct current stimulation provides no clinically important benefits over walking training for improving walking in Parkinson's disease: asystematic review.

Does walking training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve walking (ie, speed, cadence and step length) and reduce falls and freezing, compared with no/sham intervention, in people with Parkinson's disease? Is walking training combined with tDCS superior to walking training alone? Are any benefits carried over to social participation and/or maintained beyond the intervention period? A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials. Ambulatory adults with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. tDCS combined with walking training. Primary outcomes were walking speed, cadence and step length. Secondary outcomes were number of falls, fear of falling, freezing of gait and social participation. Five trials involving 117 participants were included. The mean PEDro score of the included trials was 8 out of 10. Participants undertook training for 30 to 60 minutes, two to three times per week, on average for 4weeks. Moderate-quality evidence indicated that the addition of tDCS to walking training produced negligible additional benefit over the effect of walking training alone on walking speed (MD-0.01 m/s, 95% CI-0.05 to 0.04), step length (MD 1.2 cm, 95% CI-1.2 to 3.5) or cadence (MD-3 steps/minute, 95% CI-6 to 1). No evidence was identified with which to estimate the effect of the addition of tDCS to walking training on freezing of gait, falls and social participation. The addition of tDCS to walking training provided no clinically important benefits on walking in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease. PROSPERO CRD42020162908.

Walking exercise and lower-body blood flow restriction: Effects on systemic inflammation, lipid profiles and hematological indices in overweight middle-aged males

ABSTRACT The objective of present study is to investigate the effects of walk training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR and no-BFR) on lipid profiles, inflammatory and haematological factors in over-weighed men. Participants were divided into BFR (n = 9) or no-BFR (n = 9) groups. Both groups were exposed to 8-week walk training on a treadmill: 3 sessions/week at a speed of 50 m/min, 5 sets × 2 min/session. There were differences in pre- to post-levels of (TG) and fibrinogen in the BFR group (p ≤ 0.05) that were accompanied by changes in red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) levels (p ≤ 0.05). RBC levels were increased in the BFR group (p ≤ 0.05). The groups differed in their mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). These findings suggest the efficiency of BFR walk training in individuals exposed to chronic diseases associated with overweight, such as metabolic syndrome.

Effects of Wearable Powered Exoskeletal Training on Functional Mobility, Physiological Health and Quality of Life in Non-ambulatory Spinal Cord Injury Patients.

BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical condition that impacts a patient's physical, psychological, and socio-economic status. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of training with a newly developed powered wearable exoskeleton (Hyundai Medical Exoskeleton [H-MEX]) on functional mobility, physiological health, and quality of life in non-ambulatory SCI patients.MethodsParticipants received 60 minutes of walking training with a powered exoskeleton 3 times per week for 10 weeks (total 30 sessions). The 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and timed-up-and-go test (TUGT) were performed to assess ambulatory function. The physiological outcomes of interest after exoskeleton-assisted walking training were spasticity, pulmonary function, bone mineral density, colon transit time, and serum inflammatory markers. Effects of walking training on subjective outcomes were estimated by the Korean version of the Falls Efficacy Scale—International and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2.ResultsTen participants finished 30 sessions of training and could ambulate independently. No severe adverse events were reported during the study. After training, the mean distance walked in the 6MWT (49.13 m) was significantly enhanced compared with baseline (20.65 m). The results of the TUGT also indicated a statistically significant improvement in the times required to stand up, walk 3 m and sit down. Although not statistically significant, clinically meaningful changes in some secondary physiological outcomes and/or quality of life were reported in some participants.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study demonstrated that the newly developed wearable exoskeleton, H-MEX is safe and feasible for non-ambulatory SCI patients, and may have potential to improve quality of life of patients by assisting bipedal ambulation. These results suggest that the H-MEX can be considered a beneficial device for chronic non-ambulatory SCI patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04055610

The Effect of Walking Training with cognitive loading on gait Indicators related to Balance in Elderly Males

The Effect of Walking Training with cognitive loading on gait Indicators related to Balance in Elderly Males

Clinical effect of lower slope walking training in the treatment of patients with knee extension secondary from hemiplegia after stroke

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of lower slope walking training in the treatment of patients with knee extension secondary from hemiplegia after stroke. Methods 120 patients with knee extension secondary from hemiplegia after stroke, and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table.The control group (60 patients) received conventional rehabilitation exercise alone, and the observation group (60 patients) received lower slope walking training on the basis of control group.The clinical effect, the VAS score, knee joint ROM, FMA score and standing walking test time before and after treatment of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rates of the control group and observation group were 73.33%, 91.67%, respectively.The clinical effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(χ2=9.64, P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score of the observation group was significantly lower than those of the control group and before treatment(t=3.15, 3.31, 3.87, all P<0.05). After treatment, the knee joint ROM, FMA score and standing walking test time of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group and before treatment(t=2.88, 2.54, 2.91; 3.01, 3.36; 3.18, 3.48; 3.41, 3.87, all P<0.05). Conclusion Lower slope walking training in the treatment of patients with knee extension secondary from hemiplegia after stroke can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms, reduce the pain degree, higher the joint activity and is helpful to improve the recovery effects of limb motor function. Key words: Stroke; Hemiplegia; Comparative effectiveness research

Aerobic Training Improves Angiogenic Potential Independently of VEGF Modifications in Postmenopausal Woman

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of walking-training on serum angiogenic potential in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four postmenopausal women (56.18 ± 4.24 yr) participated in a 13 weeks program of walking-training. Anthropometric measures, VEGF, IL-1α, IL-1s, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, insulin, IGF-1, cortisol, DHEA-S, leptin, visfatin, resistin and adiponectin were evaluated before and after training. Moreover, serum samples were tested for their ability to chemo – attract endothelial cells and to support the in vitro formation of capillary – like structures. Results: After training, the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, leptin and resistin were significantly lower, levels of DHEA-S and adiponectin increased, serum angiogenic properties improved, whereas no changes in anthropometric parameters or VEGF were detected. Conclusions: Walking training reduces inflammatory status and leads to a significant improvement in serum angiogenic properties in the absence of modifications in body composition and VEGF level.

Effect of a walking training with a mass around the paretic ankle in chronic hemiparetic

The rehabilitation intensity in spastic paresis is an important factor of recovery. We investigated the effect of daily walking training at fast speed with adding resistance around the paretic shank on gait performance. To compare the acute effect of two 30-minute walking training at fast speed, without and with a mass around the paretic ankle on spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters in chronic hemiparetic gait. Prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blind study. Six subjects with chronic hemiparesis (1 F, 41 ± 11 y, time from CNS lesion: 7 ± 8 y) performed gait training during 30 min at fast speed twice one week apart: without (M0), or with mass as 2% of the body weight fixed around the paretic ankle (M1). All participants were assessed before and immediately after the training. The principal evaluation criterion was the maximal walking speed measured barefoot in the laboratory. Three kinematic parameters were quantified based on videographic analysis: maximal active hip flexion, maximal passive knee flexion and maximal active ankle dorsiflexion during swing phase. The maximal walking speed increased in both training sessions, with superior improvement with adding mass ( n = 5; M0: 5.6%, P = 0.043; M1: 9.9%, P = 0.043; M0 vs. M1: P = 0.043). No modification in flexion of hip, knee and ankle was measured during swing phase. A mass added on the paretic shank leads to improve short-term benefits of 30-minute walking training at fast speed. It would be interesting to test long-term effect of this training method over several weeks.

The effects of walking training assisted by electromyographic biofeedback on motor recovery of the lower limb of subacute stroke patients with foot drop

Objective To explore the effects of walking training assisted by electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on the lower limb function of subacute stroke patients with foot drop. Methods Forty subacute stroke patients with foot drop were randomly divided into an EMGBF training group (n =20 ) and a routine rehabilitation training group ( n =20 ).Both groups received routine rehabilitation training.The EMGBF training group also received walking training assisted by three stages of EMGBF.The subjects were treated for 40 min twice per day,5 days a week for 6 weeks.Clinical and functional evaluations such as surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals from the anterior tibial muscle,active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion ( AROM ),scores on the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),results of the modified Lovett manual muscle test (mMMT),pace and step length,Berg balance scale (BBS) scores,Fugl-Meyer movement function scale (FMA) assessments,modified Barthel index (MBI) scores and Holden walking function test results were observed before treatment,after 6 weeks of treatment and at follow-up 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Results Before treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups.There were significant differences in all of the assessment results in the EMGBF training group after treatment compared with before treatment and compared with the routine rehabilitation training group after treatment.At followup 6 weeks after training,average pace (69.75 ± 35.09 m/min),step length (60.98 ± 14.09 cm),FMA score (32.5 ± 6.34 ) and MBI score (88.65 ± 14.13 ) in the EMGBF training group were all significantly better than in the routine rehabilitation group.At follow up,5 patients in the EMGBF training group achieved grade 5 in the Holden walking function test versus only 1 patient in the routine rehabilitation group. Conclusion Walking training assisted by EMGBF is effective in improving lower limb motor function in subacute stroke patients with foot drop. Key words: Cerebrovascular accidents; Gait disorders, neurologic; Walking; Electromyographic biofeedback

REHABILITACJA Znaczenie i użyteczność treningu marszowego w rehabilitacji kardiologicznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem chorych po zabiegach kardiochirurgicznych

REHABILITACJA Znaczenie i użyteczność treningu marszowego w rehabilitacji kardiologicznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem chorych po zabiegach kardiochirurgicznych

Effects Of Walk Training With Restricted Blood Flow On Cardiovascular And Muscle Functions In Elderly

Effects Of Walk Training With Restricted Blood Flow On Cardiovascular And Muscle Functions In Elderly

Effects of Walking Training on Weight Maintenance after a Very-Low-Energy Diet in Premenopausal Obese Women

Methods: The participants were premenopausal women with a mean body mass index of 34.0 kg/m 2 . Eighty-two participants were randomized to this study; 74 participated in the follow-up assessment. A 12-week weight reduction by mostly a very-low-energy diet was followed by a 40-week maintenance program randomized in 3 groups: a control group with no increase in habitual exercise and with counseling on diet and relapse prevention; a walk-1 group, with a walking program targeted to expend 4.2 MJ/wk and diet counseling; and a walk-2 group, with a walking program of 8.4 MJ/wk and diet counseling. Random permuted blocks within strata were used, with weight loss (in 3 classes) as the stratifying fac