Effect Of Various Organic Compounds Research Articles

Natural STAT3 Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting millions of people physically and financially every year. Over time, many anticancer treatments have been proposed and studied, including synthetic compound consumption, surgical procedures, or grueling chemotherapy. Although these treatments have improved the daily life quality of patients and increased their survival rate and life expectancy, they have also shown significant drawbacks, including staggering costs, multiple side effects, and difficulty in compliance and adherence to treatment. Therefore, natural compounds have been considered a possible key to overcoming these problems in recent years, and thorough research has been done to assess their effectiveness. In these studies, scientists have discovered a meaningful interaction between several natural materials and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 molecules. STAT3 is a transcriptional protein that is vital for cell growth and survival. Mechanistic studies have established that activated STAT3 can increase cancer cell proliferation and invasion while reducing anticancer immunity. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 signaling by natural compounds has become one of the favorite research topics and an attractive target for developing novel cancer treatments. In the present article, we intend to comprehensively review the latest knowledge about the effects of various organic compounds on inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway to cure different cancer diseases.

Predicting equilibrium vapour pressure isotope effects by using artificial neural networks or multi-linear regression – A quantitative structure property relationship approach

We aim at predicting the effect of structure and isotopic substitutions on the equilibrium vapour pressure isotope effect of various organic compounds (alcohols, acids, alkanes, alkenes and aromatics) at intermediate temperatures. We attempt to explore quantitative structure property relationships by using artificial neural networks (ANN); the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and compare the performances of it with multi-linear regression (MLR). These approaches are based on the relationship between the molecular structure (organic chain, polar functions, type of functions, type of isotope involved) of the organic compounds, and their equilibrium vapour pressure. A data set of 130 equilibrium vapour pressure isotope effects was used: 112 were used in the training set and the remaining 18 were used for the test/validation dataset. Two sets of descriptors were tested, a set with all the descriptors: number of 12C, 13C, 16O, 18O, 1H, 2H, OH functions, OD functions, CO functions, Connolly Solvent Accessible Surface Area (CSA) and temperature and a reduced set of descriptors. The dependent variable (the output) is the natural logarithm of the ratios of vapour pressures (ln R), expressed as light/heavy as in classical literature. Since the database is rather small, the leave-one-out procedure was used to validate both models. Considering higher determination coefficients and lower error values, it is concluded that the multi-layer perceptron provided better results compared to multi-linear regression. The stepwise regression procedure is a useful tool to reduce the number of descriptors. To our knowledge, a Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) approach for isotopic studies is novel.

Sonochemical Degradation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Landfill Groundwater: Environmental Matrix Effects

Perfluorinated chemicals such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are environmentally persistent and recalcitrant to most conventional chemical and microbial treatment technologies. In this paper, we show that sonolysis is able to decompose PFOS and PFOA present in groundwater beneath a landfill. However, the pseudo first-order rate constant for the sonochemical degradation in the landfill groundwater is reduced by 61 and 56% relative to MilliQ water for PFOS and PFOA, respectively, primarily due to the presence of other organic constituents. In this study, we evaluate the effect of various organic compounds on the sonochemical decomposition rates of PFOS and PFOA. Organic components in environmental matrices may reduce the sonochemical degradation rates of PFOS and PFOA by competitive adsorption onto the bubble-water interface or by lowering the average interfacial temperatures during transient bubble collapse events. The effect of individual organic compounds depends on the Langmuir adsorption constant the Henry's law constant the specific heat capacity, and the overall endothermic heat of dissociation. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are identified as the primary cause of the sonochemical rate reduction for PFOS and PFOA in landfill groundwater, whereas the effect of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) is not significant Finally, a combined process of ozonation and sonolysis is shown to substantially recover the rate loss for PFOS and PFOA in landfill groundwater.

Nitrate removal by simultaneous sulfur utilizing autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification under different organics and alkalinity conditions: batch experiments

The effect of various organic compounds were tested using lab-scale batch reactors. At sufficient alkalinity, the initial nitrate nitrogen concentration of 100 mg/L was completely reduced in all batch reactors. Sulfate production decreased by the addition of organics. The concentration range of organics used in this experiment did not inhibit autotrophic denitrification except for propionate. Propionate inhibited autotrophic denitrification a little, indicated by a lower sulfate production rate. Biomass in suspension increased with higher initial organic concentrations, showing higher DOC consumption. As the concentration of organics increased, alkalinity increased accordingly. Under the conditions of low alkalinity, in the case of a control reactor without organics, only about 30% of the initial nitrate was reduced. With half the theoretically required dosage of methanol, the denitrification rates increased slightly. When ethanol, acetate, and propionate were used, denitrification went to completion. When excess organics was added, however, sulfate production was significantly decreased. Interestingly, even when small amounts of organics were added, autotrophic denitrification was promoted as indicated by the sulfate production.

A study on coke deposition and coking inhibitors during AGO pyrolysis in pulsed micro-reactor system

A study on coke deposition and coking inhibitors during atmospheric gas oil (AGO) pyrolysis was made in an improved pulsed micro-reactor system. The system is noted for its simple structure, easy alteration of operating parameters, small volumes of feedstock used for pyrolysis, high accuracy of coke formation measurement and short operating cycle. It is particularly suitable for identifying coking inhibitors over a wide range of conditions. The effect of the reactor surface pretreatment on coke deposition was made following surface pretreatments of H 2 reduction, air oxidation and H 2S passivation. On a reactor surface of steady reduced state, the inhibiting effect of various organic compounds to coke deposition was investigated. It was found that sulfur is a key element in coking inhibitors and that the molecular structure of S-containing molecules greatly affects the inhibiting effect. Also, the effect of coking inhibitors on product distribution of AGO pyrolysis was investigated. A mechanism of coke formation and its inhibition is presented.

Perfluorinated anion-exchange polymer mercury film electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of zinc(II): effect of model organic compounds

The determination of zinc ion (1–60 ng ml −1) by anodic square-wave stripping voltammetry on an anion-exchange perfluorinated polymer Tosflex mercury film electrodes (TMFE) was evaluated. The detection limit was 0.1 ng ml −1 Zn(II). The effect of various organic compounds (gelatin, albumin, starch, camphor, humic acid, Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) is explored. The results indicate that due to the size-exclusion and ion-exchange properties of Tosflex film, the TMFE is considerably more resistant to organic interference than the bare mercury film electrode.

Effects of various organic compounds on growth and phosphorus uptake of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

The influence of three organic compounds and bakers' dry yeast on growth of external mycelium and phosphorus uptake of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith (BEG 87) was examined. Two experiments were carried out in compartmentalized growth systems with root‐free sand or soil compartments. The sand and soil in the root‐free compartments were left untreated or uniformly mixed with one of the following substrates (0.5 mg g−1 soil): bakers' dry yeast, bovine serum albumin, starch or cellulose. Effects of the organic substrates on biomass and hyphal length density of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus were examined by using specific fatty acid signatures in combination with direct microscopy. Micro‐organisms other than the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus were measured by fatty acid signatures, and radioactive 33P labelling of the root‐free soil was used to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal phosphorus uptake. In general, hyphal growth of G. intraradices was enhanced by yeast and bovine serum albumin, whereas the carbon sources, starch and cellulose, depressed fungal growth. By analysing the fatty acid 16∶1ω5 from phospholipids (indicating mycelium) and neutral lipids (indicating storage structures) it was shown that increased fungal growth due to yeast was mainly in vegetative hyphae and less in storage structures. Arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal phosphorus uptake was decreased by cellulose, but unaffected by the other substrates compared with the control. This means that both growth and phosphorus transport by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus were decreased under cellulose treatment. However, the composition of the microbial community varied under different substrate conditions indicating a possible interactive component with arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth and phosphorus uptake.

Inhibitors of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Daunomycin Transport in Rat Liver Canalicular Membrane Vesicles

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene product, is exclusively located on the canalicular membrane of hepato-cytes. Recent studies using isolated rat canalicular liver plasma membrane (cLPM) vesicles indicate that daunomycin (DNM) is a substrate for the ATP-dependent P-gp efflux system in the rat liver. The isoforms of P-gp present in cLPM and in cancer cell lines differ in that the major form present in the liver represents the gene product of mdr2 in mice (MDR3 in humans; class III) while the isoform of P-gp in cancer cells is the gene product of mdr1 in mice (MDR1 in humans, class I). The objective of this study was to examine the inhibitory effects of various organic compounds, most of which have been studied previously in MDR cancer cells, on P-gp-mediated [3H]DNM uptake into cLPM. Also, the stereospecificity of P-gp for its substrates was investigated by comparing the inhibitory effects of the enantiomers and the racemic mixtures of verapamil and propranolol. DNM exhibited ATP-dependent active transport into rat liver cLPM with a Km of 26.8±13.4 µM and a Vmax of 4.9±0.8nmol/45 s/mg of protein (n=4). ADP, AMP, and a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue did not increase DNM transport over the control value. Thirty-one potential inhibitors were examined; only acridine orange, doxorubicin, verapamil, propranolol, phosphatidylcholine, β-estradiol glucuronide, and DNM itself showed statistically significant inhibition of [3H]DNM uptake into cLPM. These results suggest that only a limited number of substrates bind to or are transported across the hepatic canalicular membrane via P-gp. Phosphatidylcholine, a substrate for the gene product of the class III P-gp gene, produced significant inhibition of [3H]DNM transport (30.6% at a 10-fold-higher substrate concentration), suggesting that transport may be mediated, at least in part, by this P-gp gene product. There were no statistically significant differences in the inhibitory effects of the enantiomers and racemate of verapamil on [3H]DNM transport into cLPM, but the enantiomers of propranolol exhibited stereospecific inhibition of DNM transport. (R)-(+)-Propranolol produced a statistically significant inhibition of [3H]DNM transport similar to that observed with the racemic mixture, while (S)(−)-propranolol showed no inhibition. These findings suggest that bile canalicular P-gp may exhibit stereospecificity of binding or transport for its substrates.

Effect of various organic compounds on the quenching properties of I-20A mineral oil

The present work estimates the effect of various organic compounds and their concentration on the cooling capacity of mineral oil, which is very important in the quenching of parts in the bearings industry.

Effect of model organic compounds on square-wave voltammetric stripping analysis at the Nafion/chelating agent mercury film electrodes

The effect of various organic compounds on the Nafion/chelating agent mercury film electrodes (NCAMFEs) in square-wave anodic-stripping voltammetry (SWASV) is explored. Two chelating agents used to prepare the NCAMFEs are dimethylglyoxime and 2,2'-bipyridyl. Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, albumin, gelatin, starch, camphor, and humic acid are used as model organic compounds, while cadmium, lead, and copper are used as test metal ions. The NCAMFEs are considerably more resistant to organic interferences than the Nafion-coated mercury film electrode. The implications of these interferences for the reliability and feasibility of stripping measurements using the NCAMFEs in real samples are discussed. Results presented for untreated urine and natural water samples demonstrate the analytical utility of the NCAMFEs in SWASV.

Effect of Various Organic Compounds on Nitrate Metabolism in Waterlogged Andosol

Effect of Various Organic Compounds on Nitrate Metabolism in Waterlogged Andosol

Effect of Various Organic Compounds on Nitrate Metabolism in Waterlogged Soils

Effect of Various Organic Compounds on Nitrate Metabolism in Waterlogged Soils

Effects of Various Organic Compounds and Fluoride on Dental Plaque and Caries in Rats

This investigation measured the effect of several organic compounds on dental caries and plaque when used as oral rinses in rats. These compounds were equimolar with regard to their chloride or fluoride moieties or the added sodium fluoride (0.26 M F). Test agents were dissolved in an aqueous glycerol vehicle and applied daily to the teeth of rats. Significant restriction in the mean incidence of dental caries (greater than or equal to 20%) was imparted by the following chemicals used alone or in combination: alexidine dihydrochloride, alexidine dihydrochloride with sodium fluoride, lysine phosphate fluoride, silane polyamine fluoride, tiodonium chloride, and tiodonium chloride with sodium fluoride. Only the groups treated with alexidine chloride alone or in combination with sodium fluoride exhibited significantly less dental plaque (greater than or equal to 64%) than the rats in the placebo-treated groups.

Ｃ２０直鎖パラフィンの分解反応性

In order to investigate the behaviour of n-paraffins in secondary hydrogenation of coal liquid, hydrocracking of eicosane (C20 n-paraffin) was carried at 375-475 °C under the hydrogen initial pressure of 80 kg/cm2 . The conversion of eicosane and the product distribution were determined by a gas-chromatography to study the additional effects of various organic compounds and catalysts on the reaction of eicosane.The thermal hydrocracking of eicosane at 450°C for 1 hr was notably depressed by the addition of tetralin, quinoline or a poly-condensed aromatic compound, but slightly by the addition of trans-decalin or octylbenzene.(Table 1)The conversion of eicosane and the product distribution were little effected by the presence of Ni-Mo/Al2O3, but Ni-W/SiO2-Al2O3 (calcined) promoted the hydrocracking of eicosane, which increased the iso-paraffins in the products remarkably.(Fig.2)

Effect of surface-active compounds on voltammetric stripping analysis at the mercury film electrode

The effects of various organic compounds on the differential-pulse anodic-stripping voltammetric response at the in-situ plated mercury film electrode are explored. These effects vary from metal to metal and from one organic compound to another. The most pronounced effects are observed in measurements of copper. The main effect of the organic compound is to depress the peak current rather than change the peak shape or potential. The differences between the organic interferences observed at the mercury film electrode and those reported at the hanging mercury drop electrode are explained by the different morphology and geometry of the two electrodes. The implications of these interferences for the reliability and feasibility of stripping measurements in natural waters are discussed. Gelatin, camphor, humic acid, starch, agar, sodium dodecyl sulphate and albumin were used as representative organic compounds, and cadmium, lead, and copper as test metal ions.

Effect of organic matter on growth and cell yield of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

The effect of various organic compounds on the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was examined.Nitrosococcus oceanus, a strongly halophilic bacterium, had a very low tolerance to organic matter compared with other organisms tested. Organic compounds scarcely affected the growth of theNitrosomonas strains whereas nitrite formation by bothNitrosococcus mobilis strains was inhibited by nearly all of the substances tested. The growth ofNitrosospira strain Nsp1 was enhanced more than 30% by acetate and formate, but not growth was detectable in the presence of pyruvate. On the contrary,Nitrosospira strain Nsp5 was stimulated only by pyruvate. Nitrite formation by the twoNitrosovibrio tenuis strains tested was similar. The growth of both strains was enhanced considerably by formate and glucose; acetate and, to a greater extent, pyruvate inhibited these bacteria. In batch culture, the energy efficiency of autotrophically grown ammonia-oxidizing bacteria varied from strain to strain. The cell yield of mixotrophically grown cultures, per unit of ammonia oxidized, was increased in comparison with autotrophic ones. No heterotrophic growth was detected.

The effect of carriers on drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments

AbstractThe effect of various organic compounds on the birefringence equilibrium shrinkage and swelling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments was studied. Evidence is presented that suggests the carrier action of the compounds is dominated by dispersion forces and that interaction between dye and the carrier in the fiber has been detected.

Liquid-phase oxidation of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran

1. A study was made of the effect of various organic compounds and salts of variable valence metals on the rate and direction of the oxidation of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 2. The highest accumulation rate of the 2-methyltetrahydrofuran hydroperoxides, with a relatively low selectivity, is observed in the presence of 5 · 10−6 M of Co(OCOCH3)2 · 4H2O; a high rate and selectivity of the oxidation process is achieved in the presence of 1 M of (CH3CO)2O.

An investigation of the molecular characteristics important in stimulation of an attachment response by the miracidium of Fasciola hepatica

1. 1. Caprylic acid, 2-ethyl hexoic acid, octaldehyde, methyl heptyl ketone and methyl caprylate all caused significant increases in time attached whilst non-bornane 2-carboxylic acid, octylamine and octanol did not. 2. 2. Octaldehyde had the same stimulant properties at different pH values whereas the effect of citric acid increased with decrease in pH and was also related to its concentration. 3. 3. The stimulant effect of various organic compounds increased in proportion to the number of carboxyl groups present. 4. 4. The membrane affinity of the various stimulant molecules was assessed by their ability to accelerate haemolysis in the presence of saponin. This correlated to varying degrees with the stimulant properties of the molecules.

On the stimulation of fish chemoreceptors by dilute solutions of polyelectrolytes.

1. Stimulatory effects of various organic compounds upon the carp chemoreceptors, responsive specifically to dilute electrolyte solution, were studied by recording the electrical responses from the palatine nerve supplying the palatal chemoreceptors.2. The palatal chemoreceptors were stimulated by dilute solutions of disodium 5'-inosinate, dipotassium α-D-glucose-1-phosphate, tetramethylammonium chloride, choline chloride, sodium glutamate, disodium-lead ethylenediamineteraacetate, Congo red, Ponceau PR, Naphthol yellow, Amaranth, Direct sky blue, sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.3. In general, the higher the valency of the anion, the greater the maximum of the response-concentration curve. Some exceptions were observed. Intensity of the distilled water effect (a wash response produced by distilled water) appeared to decrease as the size of the anion increased.4. An electrolyte having no net charge (glycine) and a non-electrolyte (glucose) appeared to have nothing to do with this specific receptor system.5. Several anionic surface active agents were studied. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecylpyridinium chloride, sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate and sodium dodecyl sulfate elicited positive responses; but these compounds were occasionally injurious to the palatal chemoreceptors and therefore it was difficult to say whether or not these salts stimulated the specific recepter system.