Effect Of Surface Structure Research Articles

Nucleation of water vapor on nanodimpled surfaces: Effects of curvature radius and surface wettability

• The effects of dimple curvature radius and wettability on nucleation are studied. • Surface potential energy analysis confirms nucleation sites. • Increasing dimple curvature radius worsens nucleation. • More dimples increase vapor nucleation probability at lower surface subcooling. • The coupling effect of the surface structure affects the nucleation. The mechanisms of vapor nucleation on nanostructured surfaces, whose geometrical characteristic sizes are comparable to those of nuclei, remain unsatisfactorily explored. This study investigates the correlations among the wettability, dimple curvature radius, and nucleation characteristics of vapor molecules on nanodimpled surfaces through molecular dynamics simulations. The surface potential energy analysis demonstrates that nucleation sites are located in the interior of dimples. With an increase in surface hydrophobicity or dimple curvature radius, a higher nucleation energy barrier would render nucleation more difficult. The critical sizes of nuclei obtained from MD simulation are larger than the results estimated by the classical nucleation theory. The discrepancy is attributed to the fact that the formed nucleus in simulations deviates from the spherical cap assumption. The formation of nuclei is not observed at all dimples, indicating that the coupling effects of surface structure would affect nucleation. Additionally, the comparisons of coalescence phenomena noted for different dimple numbers reveal the benefits of increasing the dimple number, which can be attributed to the fact that more high-energy nucleation sites increase the nucleation probability of vapor molecules at reduced surface subcooling. Therefore, an enhanced condensation performance can be achieved by artificially controlling the dimple number.

Electrically-triggered nucleation of supercooled sodium acetate trihydrate phase change composites

Phase change energy storage technology has broad applications in many engineering fields, such as building energy conservation, aerospace, and thermal management of electric equipment. However, the inorganic phase change materials suffer a lot from supercooling, phase separation, and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, this paper aims at developing a novel electrically-triggered phase change composite by making use of its supercooling characteristics, achieving a controllable release of latent heat as it is wanted. Polished by radial and axial grinding respectively, both surface-triggered electrodes (STE) with a uniform rough structure and point-triggered electrodes (PTE) with the gradient rough structure were prepared to investigate the effect of surface structure on the electrical crystallization. The 100-cycle test results indicated the newly-prepared electrode achieved a stable electrically-triggering ability. The oxidation rate of electrodes was significantly affected by interface characteristics of the gas–liquid-solid interfaces. What’s more, the effect of voltage and supercooling degree on the crystallization behaviours, like induction time, morphology, and growth of the dendrite, and heat transfer process, were comprehensively investigated. With the increase of the supercooling degree, the dendrite shape gradually changed from acicular crystal to flocculent crystal, and the induction time decreased rapidly. To improve the thermal conductivity, a novel phase change composite using sodium acetate trihydrate/carboxymethyl cellulose/expanded graphite (SAT/CMC/EG) was developed. Considering both thermal conductivity and electrical nucleation, the optimized mass ratio of SAT: CMC: EG was 100:1:8. These research findings would provide valuable guidance in the intelligently-controllable energy storage technology.

A parametric study on pool boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux on structured surfaces with artificial cavities

Emerging applications in new generation electronic devices require effective heat removal and thermal management. In this regard, boiling is a phase change phenomenon capable of dissipating a large amount of heat compared to the sensible heat. In this study, comprehensive series of pool boiling experiments were carried out on surfaces having microchannels with different spacings and holes by using deionized (DI) water as the working fluid to investigate the mutual effect of surface structure and artificial cavity on the heat transfer performance and critical heat flux (CHF). For this, surfaces with different microchannel spacings and number of circular artificial cavities were fabricated on silicon surfaces. A high-speed camera was used to visualize bubble dynamics for better understand heat transfer and CHF mechanisms. While microchannel configurations had no significant effect at low heat fluxes, further increase in heat flux revealed the effect of surface structure on BHT and bubble dynamics. For samples with artificial cavities, the largest spacing between microchannels exhibited the best performance at high heat fluxes. It was found that the interaction between generated bubbles from artificial cavities and microchannel spacing on structured surfaces with lowest spacing value (20 μm) resulted in BHT and CHF deterioration. The visualization results revealed different CHF mechanisms for structured surfaces without artificial cavities (hydrodynamic instability) and those with artificial cavities (microlayer dryout).

Rapid Fabrication of Wavelength-Scale Micropores on Metal by Femtosecond MHz Burst Bessel Beam Ablation.

The preparation of the wavelength-scale micropores on metallic surfaces is limited by the high opacity of metal. At present, most micropores reported in the literature are more than 20 µm in diameter, which is not only large in size, but renders them inefficient for processing so that it is difficult to meet the needs of some special fields, such as aerospace, biotechnology, and so on. In this paper, the rapid laser fabrications of the wavelength-scale micropores on various metallic surfaces are achieved through femtosecond MHz burst Bessel beam ablation. Taking advantage of the long-depth focal field of the Bessel beam, high-density micropores with a diameter of 1.3 µm and a depth of 10.5 µm are prepared on metal by MHz burst accumulation; in addition, the rapid fabrication of 2000 micropores can be achieved in 1 s. The guidelines and experimental results illustrate that the formations of the wavelength-scale porous structures are the result of the co-action of the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) effect and Bessel beam interference. Porous metal can be used to store lubricant and form a lubricating layer on the metallic surface, thus endowing the metal resistance to various liquids' adhesion. The microporous formation process on metal provides a new physical insight for the rapid preparation of wavelength-scale metallic micropores, and promotes the application of porous metal in the fields of catalysis, gas adsorption, structural templates, and bio-transportation fields.

Effect of surface structure on flow and heat transfer using lattice Boltzmann method in a microchannel exchanger

The D2Q9 multiple relaxation time (MRT) model and D2Q5 MRT model of lattice Boltzmann method are proposed for the fluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel exchanger. The appropriate flow and thermal boundary conditions are adopted by non-equilibrium extrapolation method. The performance of heat convection between cold fluid and hot wall in rectangular microchannel is simulated and the results are verified through experiments by Liu et al. and previous numerical results by Ebrahimi et al. Effects of structured surface with rectangular, hemispherical and triangular micro-bulges on the flow behavior and heat transfer of fluid are analyzed. Simulated results indicate that the structured heat transfer surface can effectively enhance the heat transfer, the surface with rectangular micro-bulges for the best performance. Subsequently, the optimal ratio of the micro-bulge height to the micro-channel height of 0.25 is obtained based on the relative Nusselt number of rectangular structured surface, and the Reynolds number decreases with the increase of the micro-bulge height, and the relative logarithmic temperature difference is the opposite. The relative Nusselt number and relative logarithmic temperature difference decrease first and then increase with the increase of micro-bulge distance, while the Reynolds number changes on the contrary. The effect of micro-bulges interval on the heat transfer efficiency is less than that of micro-bulge height, and the thermal efficiency is increased by 15% with an optimal height and distance of the rectangular micro-bumps in the microchannel.

Effect of surface structure on the antithrombogenicity performance of poly(-caprolactone)-cellulose acetate small-diameter tubular scaffolds

Small-diameter artificial blood vessels have always faced the problem of thrombosis. In this research, three types of poly(-caprolactone)-cellulose acetate (PCL-CA) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by various collectors to make into a tubular scaffold with a 4.5-mm diameter. The collector consisted of two sizes of stainless steel wire mesh large-mesh (LM) and small-mesh (SM), respectively. There is also a random flat (RF) that acts as the third type collector. The nanofiber membrane's surface structure mimicked the collectors' surface morphology, they named LM, SM and RF scaffolds. The water contact angles of RF and LM scaffolds are 126.5° and 105.5°, and the distinct square-groove construction greatly improves the contact angle of LM. The tubular scaffolds' radial mechanical property test demonstrated that the large-mesh (LM) tubular scaffold enhanced the strain and tensile strength; the tensile strength and strain are 30 % and 148 % higher than that of the random-flat (RF) tubular scaffold, respectively. The suture retention strength value of the LM tubular scaffold was 103 % higher than that of the RF tubular scaffold. The cytotoxicity and antithrombogenicity performance were also evaluated, the LM tubular scaffold has 88 % cell viability, and the 5-min blood coagulation index (BCI) value was 89 %, which is much higher than other tubular scaffolds. The findings indicate that changing the tubular scaffold's surface morphology cannot only enhance the mechanical and hydrophilic properties but also increase cell survival and antithrombogenicity performance. Thus, the development of a small-diameter artificial blood vessel will be a big step toward solving the problem on thrombosis. Furthermore, artificial blood vessel is expected to be a candidate material for biomedical applications.

Specific Metal Nanostructures toward Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Recent Advances and Perspectives

AbstractElectrochemically converting CO2 (CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)) to value‐added fuels is an advanced technology to effectively alleviate global warming and the energy crisis. However, thermodynamically high energy barriers, sluggish reaction kinetics, and inadequate CO2 conversion rate as well as poor selectivity of target products and rapid materials degradation severely limit its further large‐scale application, which highlights the importance of high‐performance electrocatalysts. Metal nanomaterials, due to their intrinsically high but still insufficient reactivity, selectivity, and stability, have been brought to the forefront and have lead to many reviews from various points of view. However, reviews which comprehensively unravel the importance and excellence of specific metal nanostructures and their associated properties for CO2RR are quite limited. To bridge this gap, various specific monometal and bimetal nanostructures are summarized, with an emphasis on the deep understanding of crystal orientation, surface structure, surface crystallography, surface modification, and many associated effects benefiting from the constructed specific metal nanostructures as well as the intrinsic relationships of specific metal nanostructure‐property‐CO2RR activities. Finally, the challenges and the perspectives to advance CO2RR are proposed to pay particularly more attention to architecture evolution during CO2RR with in situ/operando techniques, high‐throughput theoretical computations, and facile synthetic strategies with high yield and production for scale‐up applications.

Effects of structural and chemical properties of surface coatings on the adsorption characteristics of proteins

Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), a series of functional surface coatings were investigated to establish the effects of surface structural and chemical properties on the adsorption characteristics of two model proteins, β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). We show that a free contact scenario, e.g., droplet, that is widely used to evaluate surface energy, is not always equivalent to biofouling conditions where the liquid phase is continuous - releasing the entrapped air from surface geometries could influence the interfacial adsorption process of biomolecules. We observed that surface structuration favoured adsorption of both proteins, especially for the protein of smaller size (β-Lg) as larger amounts of molecules would be required to fill surface geometries. Compact proteinaceous adlayers were observed on the coatings without structure, particularly those containing -CF3 ligands, suggesting stronger adhesion mechanisms due to conformational reorientations of both proteins to facilitate surface binding, especially BSA. In contrast, surface structure led to the formation of soft adlayers as the filling of surface cavities might affect protein conformation and favour protein superposition, hindering removal. We demonstrate how protein-surface binding affinity and packaging density of adsorbed proteins can be modulated as a synergistic effect of surface chemistry and structure, which is of especially importance to the development of anti-fouling coatings.

Facet-Dependent Electron Transfer Regulates Photocatalytic Valorization of Biopolyols.

The electron transfer (ET) from the conduction band of the semiconductor to surface-bound species is a key step in the photocatalytic reaction and strongly affects the reactivity and selectivity, while the effect of catalyst surface structure on this process has rarely been explored due to the lack of an effective method. Herein, we have developed a strategy to detect and measure surface electrons' transfer energy to the adsorbates and disclosed a facet-dependent electron transfer energy over anatase TiO2. The photogenerated electrons are shallowly confined in the five-coordinated Ti atom (Ti5c) on the surface of the (101) facet with a transfer energy below 1.0 eV, while deeply confined in the six-coordinated Ti atom (Ti6c) on the subsurface of the (001) facet with a transfer energy higher than 1.9 eV. The different electron trap states strongly affect the ET process, thus regulating the photocatalytic activity. Taking formic acid (FA) dehydration as the probe reaction, a shallow trap of photoexcited electrons on the (101) facet of anatase TiO2 favors the dehydration of FA to CO, while a deep trap of photoexcited electrons on the (001) facet makes FA stable. Based on this knowledge, we successfully controlled the selectivity in the photocatalytic oxidation of biopolyols via selectively exposing the facet of TiO2. Through controlling the (001)/(101) facet, a wide range of biopolyols can be selectively converted into FA or CO with a selectivity of up to 80%. The present work disclosed a facet-dependent electron transfer process and provides a new horizon to the design of photocatalytic systems.

Electrodeposition of shaped PtIr alloy nanocrystals with high–index facets for the electro–catalytic oxidation of alcohols

Pt–group metal nanocatalysts enclosed with high–index facets have sufficient kink and step atoms on the surface, which could act as efficient sites for fuel cell reactions. Besides surface structure, alloying was another efficient strategy to obtain nanoparticles with excellent catalytic performance. So how about combining the surface structure of high–index facet with alloying to prepare Pt–based nanocatalysts? In this work, we have synthesized alloyed PtIr tetrahexahedral (THH) nanocrystals (NCs) with high–index facets (730) by electrodeposition. And PtIr trioctahedral (TOH) NCs with high–index facets (441) could be obtained by simply decreasing the upper limit potential (EU) of square–wave potential (SWP) with other condition keeping the same as that for the synthesis of PtIr THH NCs. The successful synthesis of alloyed PtIr NCs with high–index facets mainly lied in the repetitive adsorption/desorption of oxygenated species on the surface of nanoparticles. The prepared PtIr THH NCs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability towards ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Among the nano–catalysts, the peak in the forward scan of PtIr THH NCs for EGOR and GOR were 19.9 mA∙cm−2 and 17.6 mA∙cm−2, respectively, which were 9.5 and 6.8 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C. The excellent electro–catalytic performance of alloyed PtIr NCs could mainly be attributed to the surface structure effect of high–index facets and synergetic effect of the alloy structure. This work could provide a new idea for designing highly efficient nanocatalysts for fuel cells by combing surface structure effect and alloying effect together.

Multiscale numerical research on nucleate boiling enhancement from microscale to nanoscale

Nucleate boiling enhancement from surfaces in energy industries is of fundamental significance for improving energy conversion and thermal management efficiency. This study investigates the microscale and nanoscale boiling processes on the hybrid wettability micropillar structured surface (MPS) to continuously enhance nucleate boiling. The microscale and nanoscale boiling processes and underlying enhancement mechanisms are studied by Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, respectively. It is revealed that MPS designed with a hydrophilic bottom surface and a hydrophobic top surface decorated with nanopillars can improve nucleate boiling throughout the microscale and nanoscale boiling process. The microscopic boiling process of the hybrid wettability MPS shows that the synergistic effect of wettability and surface structure is attributed to nucleation boiling enhancement due to higher bubble nucleation density and higher bubble departure frequency. The nanoscale boiling process on hydrophobic nanopillar structured surfaces (NPS) shows further nucleate boiling enhancement. The NPS with a nanopillar height of 1.6268 nm is in the Wenzel state with higher heat flux and lower thermal resistance, resulting in faster boiling onset and shorter separation time, while the hydrophobic NPSs in the Cassie state leads to a deterioration in the nucleate boiling.

Experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer on pillar-structured surfaces with different wettability patterns

• Pool boiling on pillar-structured surfaces with different wettability patterns is investigated. • The combined effects of surface structure and mixed wettability are experimentally explored. • MPoPi mixed pattern always leads to a leftward shift of the boiling curve but gives a lower CHF. • The performance of MPiPo mixed pattern is strongly dependent on the channel-to-pillar width ratio. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the pool boiling heat transfer on pillar-structured surfaces with different wettability patterns and different values of the channel-to-pillar width ratio. Five types of wettability patterns are compared, i.e., homogeneous hydrophilicity (HPi), homogeneous hydrophobicity (HPo), homogeneous near-superhydrophilicity (SHPi), a mixed pattern with hydrophilic bottom and hydrophobic pillar top (MPiPo), and another mixed pattern with hydrophobic bottom and hydrophilic pillar top (MPoPi). The effects of homogenous wettability patterns on the boiling performance of pillar-structured surfaces are basically consistent with those on plain surfaces, but the differences between the HPi and HPo patterns are found to be gradually enlarged with the decrease of the channel-to-pillar width ratio. Moreover, compared with the base HPi pattern, the MPoPi mixed pattern leads to a leftward shift of the boiling curve and an upward shift of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) curve but gives a lower value of the critical heat flux. Such a tendency of the MPoPi mixed pattern is not affected when the channel-to-pillar width ratio is decreased from 2.0 to 0.5. In contrast, the boiling performance of the MPiPo mixed pattern is found to be significantly affected by the channel-to-pillar width ratio as it performs best among the five types of wettability patterns when the channel-to-pillar width ratio γ ⩾ 1 , but it deteriorates the boiling heat transfer at high heat fluxes when the ratio γ is reduced to 0.5.

Effect of diamond surface structure on the interfacial reaction and properties of diamond/SiC composites

The changes in the surface microstructure of diamond annealing under different environment and the influence of this change on the interfacial reaction of diamond/SiC composites were reported. The resulting changes in the properties of composites were analyzed. The newly {111} crystal family was formed on (100) plane by surface atom reconstruction, and the steps were formed on (111) plane, during annealing in vacuum. The diamond undergoes a similar transformation expect that the changes were more drastic, and graphitic clusters appeared on surface when annealing in air. The inhomogeneous nucleation of SiC was found on both (100) and (111) plane of the diamond. Growth of SiC particles on interface are controlled by diffusion-reaction mechanism. The modified diamond enhances the interfacial reaction and facilitates the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties, but the graphitic clusters generated on diamond surface after annealing in air has a negative effect on the thermal conductivity of composites.

Seismic fragility analysis of in-service shield tunnels considering surface building and joint-bolt corrosion

The present study aims to assess the seismic fragility of shield tunnels in the transverse direction based on investigating seismic performance of segments and joints, accounting for the effects of the later-built surface structure and corrosion of joint bolts. To this end, the tunnel-soil-surface structure interaction and joint-bolt deterioration due to corrosion are examined. The surface structure is assumed to be a ten-story three-span reinforced concrete frame building on a raft foundation, and the corrosion effects of steel joint-bolt are reflected by reducing the cross-sectional area and strength. The seismic performance of shield tunnel, including the plastic strain of tunnel lining, joint deformation and bolt damage, are investigated by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) through a verified finite element approach. The damage state levels are divided by the segment damage of the lining concrete and joint deformation, according to the seismic performance and subway protection codes. The fragility curves for shield tunnel are derived and the tunnel vulnerability is evaluated. The results indicate that the shield tunnel is more vulnerable under the coupling effects of surface building and earthquake loading. The damage probabilities of the tunnel structure obviously accelerate with the development of bolt corrosion when the corrosion rates increase from 10% to 20%–30%. The influence of bolt deterioration on tunnel damage should receive more attention with the increase in the operation period. Finally, the fragility curves without the surface building and corrosion of joint bolts are compared with empirical results.

Magneto‐Optical Properties of Oxidized Co Nanowires on Pt Substrate

This work presents the results of the first‐principals study of magneto‐optical properties of oxidized Co nanowires on vicinal Pt surfaces. Two types of vicinal platinum surface (Pt(332) and Pt(322)) are studied to analyze the effect of surface structure on oxidation process and on the magneto‐optical properties of oxidized Co nanowires. The study reveals the change of magnetic coupling in Co nanowire under oxidation, which is sensitive to step edge geometry of vicinal surface. The dielectric tensor and reflectivity are calculated for oxide structures in order to find their main features in optical characteristic. Besides, the reflectance difference spectra are constructed for pure and oxidized nanowires in order to reveal the effect of interplay between magnetic state and oxidation on the optical properties of magnetic nanowires, which can be useful for tailoring their magnetic properties in spintronic devices.

Influence of surface structure/wettability on tribological properties of titanium

Wettability could improve the surface properties of materials, such as anti-friction, wear resistance, anti-icing, etc. Titanium and titanium alloys were widely used in medicine, aerospace, and other fields. Titanium surfaces with water contact angles of 0°, 60°, 120°, and 160° were prepared here using the method of laser processing combined with heat treatment and hot water immersion. It was found that the superhydrophobic surface with micro-nano structures had the smallest coefficient of friction, which was reduced by 22.94% from 0.37418 to 0.28833 with the unprocessed one. The superhydrophilic surface with a micro-nano structure had the smallest wear mass, which was reduced by 96.84% from 0.95 mg to 0.03 mg with the unprocessed one. This paper provided theoretical and experimental support for the effect of surface structure and wettability on friction and wear properties.

A three dimensional simulation of spray cooling and its evaporating liquid film generated on patterned surfaces

Liquid impingement cooling in the form of jet or spray is an appropriate method to remove heat from small surfaces progressively utilized in industry. In this study, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of surface structure on heat transfer characteristics. Five different three-dimensional structured surfaces are investigated using Euler-Lagrangian approach. The effect of surface structures is discussed on the liquid film thickness, the liquid film velocity, and the heat flux with its uniformity for a given spray and temperature characteristics. The results show that the convective heat transfer strongly depends on both liquid film thickness and velocity. While the liquid film thickness always grows in the grooved surfaces, its velocity depends on the form and direction of the fins. The averaged values of the film thickness and velocity magnitude are almost independent of the surface temperature. Among the investigated surfaces, the parallel and circular patterns showed the best and worst performance on heat transfer characteristics, respectively.

Effect of surface structure on the kinetic of THF hydrate formation

The most important aim of this study is to check the surface effect on THF/H2O hydrate formation by the volumetric method [Asadi et al. J. Mol. Liq., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111200]. A wide variety of experiments have been conducted to investigate effective parameters on hydrate formation. Suitable additives and operational conditions have been already studied while the effect of other parameters including surface efficacy has not been considered. Hence, the experiments have been done at atmospheric pressure in a cell that has a prefabricated surface. Therefore, the modified surfaces used here are 304 stainless steel specimens with specific roughness which have been coarsened through laser. Since the roughness and wettability of metallic plates play a critical role in hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of surfaces, the contact angles have been measured between 123.00 and 23.47°changing the speed of laser radiation. It is demonstrated, increasing radiation speed forms a hydrophilic surface. Moreover, hydrate nucleation and growth have been rapidly recorded via volume changes of solution. Subsequently, the most effective surface has been recognized according to induction and relaxation time as well as the rate of hydrate formation. The results show that developing a hydrophilic surface, the rate of THF hydrate formation is highly increased. Therefore, this study can provide a new viewpoint in the relation of surface structure and the kinetics of THF/H2O hydrate formation.

Surface Structure of Zirconia Implants: An Integrative Review Comparing Clinical Results with Preclinical and In Vitro Data.

Background: The purpose of this review was to analyze and correlate the findings for zirconia implants in clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies in relation to surface structure. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted to identify clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies on zirconia implant surfaces. The primary outcomes were mean bone loss (MBL) for clinical studies, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and removal torque (RT) for preclinical studies and cell spreading, cell proliferation and gene expression for cell studies. The secondary outcomes included comparisons of data found for those surfaces that were investigated in all three study types. Results: From 986 screened titles, 40 studies were included for data extraction. In clinical studies, only micro-structured surfaces were investigated. The lowest MBL was reported for sandblasted and subsequently etched surfaces, followed by a sinter and slurry treatment and sandblasted surfaces. For BIC, no clear preference of one surface structure was observable, while RT was slightly higher for micro-structured than smooth surfaces. All cell studies showed that cell spreading and cytoskeletal formation were enhanced on smooth compared with micro-structured surfaces. Conclusions: No correlation was observed for the effect of surface structure of zirconia implants within the results of clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies, underlining the need for standardized procedures for human, animal and in vitro studies.

A surface control strategy of CeO2 nanocrystals for enhancing adsorption removal of Congo red

CeO2 nanocrystals with different surface structures are synthesized for studying an improvement strategy to the enhanced adsorption removal performance of Congo red. CeO2 nanonetworks possess a cerium-rich surface with more Ce4+. However, CeO2 nanorods have an oxygen-rich surface with more low-temperature reducible oxygen promoted by more defective structures, and the oxygen-rich surface of CeO2 nanoparticles is occupied by more surface-adsorbed oxygen. The effect of CeO2 surface structure is investigated by evaluating the adsorption removal capacity of Congo red. The cerium-rich surface of CeO2 nanonetworks exhibits the distinctly increased adsorption removal performance relative to the oxygen-rich surface of CeO2 nanocrystals. CeO2 nanorods with more easily reducible oxygen surface show higher adsorption removal performance than CeO2 nanoparticles with more surface-adsorbed oxygen due to more favorable textural properties and easy reducibility of more surface oxygen.