Effects Of Short-term Exercise Research Articles

Effects of short-term exercise and endurance training on skeletal muscle mitochondria damage induced by particular matter, atmospherically relevant artificial PM2.5.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of short-term aerobic exercise to mitigate skeletal muscle mitochondrial damage following ambient PM2.5 exposure, and how 12 weeks of endurance training can enhance aerobic fitness to protect against such damage. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 J mice were split into sedentary (SED, n = 12) and endurance training (ETR, n = 12) groups. The ETR group underwent 12 weeks of training (10-15 m/min, 60 min/day, 4 times/week), confirmed by an Endurance Exercise Capacity (EEC) test. Post-initial training, the SED group was further divided into SSED (SED and sedentary, n = 6) and SPE (SED and PM2.5 + Exercise, n = 6). Similarly, the ETR group was divided into EEX (ETR and Exercise, n = 6) and EPE (ETR and PM2.5 + Exercise, n = 6). These groups underwent 1 week of atmospherically relevant artificial PM2.5 exposure and treadmill running (3 times/week). Following treatments, an EEC test was conducted, and mice were sacrificed for blood and skeletal muscle extraction. Blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress indicators, while skeletal muscles were assessed for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial damage using western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After 12 weeks of endurance training, the EEC significantly increased (p < 0.000) in the ETR group compared to the SED group. Following a one-week comparison among the four groups with atmospherically relevant artificial PM2.5 exposure and exercise treatment post-endurance training, the EEX group showed improvements in EEC, oxidative metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant functions. Conversely, these factors decreased in the EPE group compared to the EEX. Additionally, within the SPE group, exercise effects were evident in HK2, LDH, SOD2, and GPX4, while no impact of short-term exercise was observed in all other factors. TEM images revealed no evidence of mitochondrial damage in both the SED and EEX groups, while the majority of mitochondria were damaged in the SPE group. The EPE group also exhibited damaged mitochondria, although significantly less than the SPE group. Atmospherically relevant artificial PM2.5 exposure can elevate oxidative stress, potentially disrupting the benefits of short-term endurance exercise and leading to mitochondrial damage. Nonetheless, increased aerobic fitness through endurance training can mitigate PM2.5-induced mitochondrial damage.

Effects of Short-Term Exercise on Iron Status and Haematological Parameters of Apparently Healthy Males in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Effects of Short-Term Exercise on Iron Status and Haematological Parameters of Apparently Healthy Males in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Abstract P649: Juvenile Exercise Delays Frailty and Promotes Metabolic Health in Aged Mice

Introduction: Physical exercise is well-recognized for its beneficial effects on health. Acute or short-term effects of exercise have been extensively studied; however, it remains unclear whether exercise in juvenile has sustained beneficial effects until old age. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that juvenile exercise would delay frailty and promote metabolic health in aged mice. Methods: Male and female mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and each group contains 50 mice. Mice in exercise group started swimming at 1 month of age and stopped at 4 month of age (1.5 hour per day and 5 days per week). No exercise intervention was conducted in other time. The general health, cardiac function, metabolism and other parameters were examined in aged mice. Transcriptional profiling of various tissues and organs was performed to obtain insight into mechanisms that how juvenile exercise affects aged mice. Results: Juvenile exercise mice showed significant reduction in frailty and improvement in metabolic health compared with sedentary controls. Both male and female juvenile exercise mice were scored lower in frailty at the age of 24 months. Juvenile exercise improved the integument and physical/musculoskeletal status of male mice. For females, juvenile exercise reduced frailty in all aspects. Female juvenile exercise mice weighted more than sedentary mice at 24 months old but male groups showed no difference. The cardiac function, food consumption, grip strength and rotarod running time between two groups also presented no difference at 24 months. Juvenile exercise mice showed improved flexibility in substrate usage at the age of 24 months under fasting condition. Aged mice in exercise group showed significant higher energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation than their controls. KEGG overrepresentation analysis for the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that pathways altered by juvenile exercise were most related to metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that regular and moderate physical exercise in juvenile age extends health span in mice, highlighting the sustained beneficial effects of juvenile exercise.

The Immediate Effects of Short-term Exercise on Diaphragmatic Breathing over Wind Instruments

A strong diaphragm is critical to wind musicians because it helps produce a steady airstream needed for playing wind instruments. To strengthen the diaphragm, musicians use various methods. One method is exercise because it increases the breathing rate, forces the diaphragm to expand and contract, and allows for longer sustainment of breaths and greater endurance. This raises the question of whether exercise can affect the diaphragmatic breathing rate over wind instruments for wind musicians. The purpose of this research was to draw conclusions that could help rising and professional musicians improve their endurance through alternative means. The initial hypothesis was that as the duration of cardio exercise increases, there would be an increase in breath sustainment because the exercise would impel the diaphragm to expand and, subsequently, allow the lungs to fill to higher capacity. To determine this, human participants were gathered for three trials: no exercise, five minutes of exercise, and ten minutes of exercise. Each participant performed cardio exercises, after which they breathed into a breath builder. The amount of time they could sustain the ball in the air was measured as were the average times for each of the three groups of participants. The results of the ANOVA test demonstrated that F(2, 5.07) = 0.0081, p&lt;0.05, indicating that the null hypothesis­­—that the mean durations of breath sustainment for the three trials were equivalent—could be rejected. The results demonstrated that exercise did not have the hypothesized immediate effect of increasing breath sustainment and diaphragmatic breathing.

Changes in white matter microstructure and MRI-derived cerebral blood flow after 1-week of exercise training

Exercise is beneficial for brain health, inducing neuroplasticity and vascular plasticity in the hippocampus, which is possibly mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Here we investigated the short-term effects of exercise, to determine if a 1-week intervention is sufficient to induce brain changes. Fifteen healthy young males completed five supervised exercise training sessions over seven days. This was preceded and followed by a multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (diffusion-weighted MRI, perfusion-weighted MRI, dual-calibrated functional MRI) acquired 1 week apart, and blood sampling for BDNF. A diffusion tractography analysis showed, after exercise, a significant reduction relative to baseline in restricted fraction—an axon-specific metric—in the corpus callosum, uncinate fasciculus, and parahippocampal cingulum. A voxel-based approach found an increase in fractional anisotropy and reduction in radial diffusivity symmetrically, in voxels predominantly localised in the corpus callosum. A selective increase in hippocampal blood flow was found following exercise, with no change in vascular reactivity. BDNF levels were not altered. Thus, we demonstrate that 1 week of exercise is sufficient to induce microstructural and vascular brain changes on a group level, independent of BDNF, providing new insight into the temporal dynamics of plasticity, necessary to exploit the therapeutic potential of exercise.

대학생의 단기간 운동이 뇨 성분 및 기초체력에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 단기간 운동이 뇨 성분 및 기초체력에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 G광역시 소재 남자대학생 9명을 대상으로 선정하였다. 독립변인은 0주 운동참여 전·후와 3주 후 운동참여 전·후이다. 대상자들은 0주 생체전기 저항분석기를 이용하여 체구성과 1RM을 측정하였고 측정된 1RM에 따라 3주간 구성된 웨이트 트레이닝을 주 5회(월,화, 수,목,금), 각 1시간씩 실시하였다. 웨이트 트레이닝 종료 10분 후 선행연구를 바탕으로 전문가와 함께 구성한 배구트레이 닝을 각 3시간씩 실시하였다. 웨이트 트레이닝은 운동초보자임을 감안하여 각 부위별로 1주는 7RM, 주 5회 3세트 12회, 2-3주는 6RM으로 주 5회 3세트 8회를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 뇨 성분인 비중과 수소이온농도는 3주 운동 후 유의한 차를 나타냈다. 이상의 연구결과는 대학생들의 단기간 운동이 뇨 중 SG와 PH에 영향을 주어 체수분 평형과 기초체력 중 유연성 증가에만 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기초체력은 3주 운동 후 유연성 측정방법인 좌전굴에 서만 유의한 차를 나타냈다. 이에 운동 초보자가 운동 프로그램에 참여할 때는 체내 수분 균형에 주의해야 하며, 기초체력 향상을 위해서는 장기간 운동프로그램에 참여해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

Effects of short-term exercise on food intake and the expression of appetite-regulating factors in goldfish

In mammals, growing evidence indicates that exercise affects food intake, metabolism and the expression and blood levels of appetite regulators. In this study, we examined the effects of short-term (30 min, at low and high water flow) exercise on food intake, glucose levels and the expressions of appetite regulators in goldfish hypothalamus (irisin, orexin, CART, leptin), intestine (CCK, PYY, proglucagon/GLP-1), muscle (irisin) and liver (leptin), of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, interleukin-6 (IL6) in muscle and hypothalamus, and major metabolic enzymes, the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) and its regulatory protein (GCKR) in liver, the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase in intestine and muscle, and trypsin in intestine. Fish submitted to high flow exercise had a lower post-exercise food intake compared to control fish but no differences were seen in glucose levels between groups. Exercise induced an increase in hypothalamic expression levels of CART, IL6 and BDNF, but not orexin, irisin, CRF, leptin and NPY. High flow exercise induced an increase in intestine CCK, PYY and GLP-1, and muscle irisin and IL-6 expression levels. Exercise had no effects on expression levels of hepatic leptin or any of the metabolic enzymes examined. Our results suggest that, in goldfish, short-term exercise might decrease feeding in part by affecting the expressions of myokines and peripheral, but not central appetite regulators or metabolic enzyme/hormones.

Effect of Short-Term Endurance Exercise on COX IV and PGC-1a mRNA Expression Levels in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Endurance exercise induces specific skeletal muscle adaptation by increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation eficiency and mitochondrial biogenesis. Many previous studies suggesting both PGC-1a and COX IV as a potential biomarker of skeletal muscle adaptation induced by exercise. But most of them only studied the effect of long-term endurance exercise, whereas the effect of short-term exercise remains unclear. To investigate short-term physiological adaptation induced by endurance exercise on expression of COX IV and PGC-1a mRNA in rat skeletal muscle. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 10-11 weeks old were used in this experiment. Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups based on the time period of exercise: 1) control (C; n=5), 2) three days of exercise (E3; n=5), 3) six days of exercise (E6; n=5), 4) fifteen days of exercise (E15; n=5). The exercise groups were run at 20m/s for 30 minutes on the rat treadmill and the stationary control group was only placed inside treadmill with the machines turned off. On the last day of exercise, the rats were sacrificed then RNA from skeletal muscle was extracted. COX IV and PGC-1a mRNA expressions were measured by Reverse Transcriptase PCR. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences of PGC-1a mRNA expression levels in both soleus (F(3,16)=3.740, ps=0.033) and gastrocnemius (F(3,16)=3.969, pg=0.027) muscles. The COX IV mRNA expression levels in soleus (F(3,16)=3.801, ps=0.031) and gastrocnemius (F(3,16)=5.429, ps=0.009) muscles were also significantly increased. There were significant increases of PGC-1a and COX IV expressions in fifteen days of exercise group compared to control group in both muscles. Short-term endurance exercise induced mitochondrial biogenesis marker and mitochondrial activity marker by increasing the PGC-1a and COX IV mRNA expression levels in rat skeletal muscle significantly following the time periods of exercise.

Therapeutic effects of aerobic exercise on EEG parameters and higher cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment patients

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is becoming an emerging problem for developing countries where there is an increase in expected age. There is no specific curative therapeutic treatment available for these patients.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate short and long-term changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters and cognition of MCI patients with aerobic exercises.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 40 patients which were randomly divided into two groups, ‘aerobic exercise treatment group (n = 21)’ and ‘no-aerobic control group (n = 19)’. Short-term effects of exercise were measured after single session of exercise and long-term effects were measured after an 18 sessions (6 weeks) treatment. The outcomes which were measured were, electroenphelogram paramaters (slowness and complexity of the EEG) and cognitive functions (using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and trail making test (TMT) A and B).Results: After one session of aerobic exercise there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.678 ± 0.035 vs 0.791 ± 0.033; p = .015) and complexity (0.601 ± 0.051 vs 0.470 ± 0.042; p = .027) of the EEG in aerobic exercise treated group as compared to no-aerobic exercise group. After six weeks there were significant improvements in slowness (delta waves; 0.581 ± 0.036 vs 0.815 ± 0.025; p = .005) and complexity (0.751 ± 0.045 vs 0.533 ± 0.046; p = .001) of the EEG in the aerobic group as compared to no-aerobic group. Moreover, significant improvements were observed in the MMSE (p = .032), MoCA (p = .036), TMT-A (p = .005), and TMT-B (p = .007) in aerobic exercise group as compared to no-aerobic group.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise showed improvement in cognition after short and long-term treatment in MCI subjects and can be used as potential therapeutic candidate.

Effect of short term exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters in exercise trained and untrained young adults

Effect of short term exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters in exercise trained and untrained young adults - IJCAP- Print ISSN No: - 2394-2118 Online ISSN No:- 2394-2126 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/2394-2126.2019.0025, Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology-Indian J Clin Anat Physiol

Effect of Exercise on Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Healthy Young Adults

Exercise provides multiple benefits to an individual. the beneficial effect of exercise on psychomotor performance is still subject of debate. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of short term exercise on auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT). Fifty healthy subjects were included in the study, 25 of healthy male subjects who were not exercising forms (group I) and 25 healthy female subjects who did not perform any exercise forms (group II).

Effects of exercises with a pelvic realignment device on low-back and pelvic girdle pain after childbirth: A randomized control study.

To determine the effects of a pelvic realignment device-aided exercise programme after childbirth. Postpartum low-back pain and pelvic girdle pain often occur due to pregnancy and childbirth. Pelvic stabilization exercises are considered effective for reducing these symptoms. However, such exercise might be more effective if the sacro-iliac joints were held in optimal conformity. There is no published evidence regarding the use of a pelvic realignment device during stabilization exercises. This randomized controlled trial involved 2 interventions and a control group. Pregnant women were allocated randomly to: (i) exercises with a pelvic realignment device (group R, n = 25); (ii) stabilization exercise (group E, n = 25); or (3) a control group (group C, n = 25). Pain intensity (visual analogue scale) and limitations in activities of daily living (pelvic girdle questionnaire) were measured 11 times during the 3-month period after delivery. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analyses. Seventy-five pregnant women (mean age 31.2 years) participated in the study. At 13 weeks after delivery the pelvic girdle questionnaire score in both groups and visual analogue scale score in group R had decreased significantly. However, group E did not present with pain reduction at 13 weeks (p = 0.058). No significant differences were found between groups R and E (p = 0.66). The immediate and short-term effects of exercise with a pelvic realignment device showed greater improvements compared with pelvic stabilization exercises alone. Standing exercises with a pelvic realignment device had immediate and short-term effects on improvement in pain within 4 weeks after delivery. The realignment device may be useful for reducing mechanical stress during exercises for postpartum low-back and pelvic girdle pain.

Effect of short term exercise on abdominal obesity and blood pressure

Effect of short term exercise on abdominal obesity and blood pressure

Insulin sensitivity predictions in individuals with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus using mathematical model of the insulin signal transduction pathway.

Mathematical modeling approaches have been commonly used in complex signaling pathway studies such as the insulin signal transduction pathway. Our expanded mathematical model of the insulin signal transduction pathway was previously shown to effectively predict glucose clearance rates using mRNA levels of key components of the pathway in a mouse model. In this study, we re-optimized and applied our expanded model to study insulin sensitivity in other species and tissues (human skeletal muscle) with altered protein activities of insulin signal transduction pathway components. The model has now been optimized to predict the effect of short term exercise on insulin sensitivity for human test subjects with obesity or type II diabetes mellitus. A comparison between our extended model and the original model showed that our model better simulates the GLUT4 translocation events of the insulin signal transduction pathway and glucose uptake as a clinically relevant model output. Results from our extended model correlate with O'Gorman's published in-vivo results. This study demonstrates the ability to adapt this model to study insulin sensitivity to many biological systems (human skeletal muscle and mouse liver) with minimal changes in the model parameters.

Effects of aerobic exercise intensity on ambulatory blood pressure and vascular responses in resistant hypertension: a crossover trial.

Resistant hypertension often exposes patients to poor blood pressure (BP) control, resulting in clinical vulnerability, possible need for device-based procedures (denervation) and increased therapy costs. Regular exercise markedly benefits patients with hypertension, including resistant patients. However, little is known about short-term exercise effects in resistant hypertension. To evaluate acute hemodynamic effects of exercise in resistant hypertension. After maximal exercise testing, 20 patients (54.0 ± 5.7 years, 30.2 ± 4.9 kg/m) with resistant hypertension participated in three crossover interventions, in random order, and on separate days: control (45' of rest), and light intensity and moderate intensity (45' of aerobic exercise at 50 and 75% of maximum heart rate, respectively). Ambulatory BP, forearm blood flow (with subsequent calculation of vascular resistance), and reactive hyperemia were measured before and after interventions trough venous occlusion plethysmography. Compared with control, both exercise intensities reduced ambulatory systolic pressure over 5 h (light: -7.7 ± 2.4 mmHg and moderate: -9.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, P < 0.01), whereas only light intensity reduced diastolic pressure (-5.7 ± 2.2 mmHg, P < 0.01). Light intensity also lowered systolic and diastolic pressures over 10-h daytime (-3.8 ± 1.3 and -4.0 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.02), night-time (-6.0 ± 2.4 and -6.1 ± 1.6 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05), and diastolic pressure over 19 h (-4.8 ± 1.2 mmHg, P < 0.01). Forearm blood flow changed (decreased) compared with baseline only at 50 min after light intensity (P < 0.05). After the control and light intensity sessions, vascular resistance increased at the end of 1 h, and after moderate intensity, it decreased only at the moment (∼2 min) immediately after intervention (P < 0.05). A single session of light or moderate aerobic exercise acutely reduces ambulatory BP in resistant hypertension, although benefits persist longer following light intensity.

Short-term Exercise Effects on the Arterial Stiffness of Overweight Postmenopausal Women

Short-term Exercise Effects on the Arterial Stiffness of Overweight Postmenopausal Women

Effect of short term aerobic exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein subfractions in healthy sedentary men.

BackgroundOur goal was to investigate the effect of short term exercise on fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.MethodsHealthy sedentary men exercised 20 min for four days. The intensity of exercise was modulated to maintain 75–80 % of a calculated HRmax. Before and after the exercise program, fasting and postprandial (4 h after standard meal) concentrations of lipoprotein subfractions were measured by an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and total concentrations of TAG, LDL and HDL by enzymatic colorimetric method. After 2 days of rest, fasting and postprandial concentrations of lipoprotein fractions and subfractions were measured to determine a persistency of a changes in the lipoprotein profile.Results4 days of physical exercise led to statistically significant decrease of concentration of triacylglycerol in fasting (76.29 ± 20.07, 53.92 ± 10.90, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (139.06 ± 23.72, 96.55 ± 25.21, p < 0.05) VLDL in fasting (21.88 ± 3.87, 18.00 ± 3.93, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (23.88 ± 3.52, 19.25 ± 3.62, p < 0.05), total cholesterol in fasting (162.26 ± 23.38, 148.91 ± 17.72, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (163.73 ± 23.02, 150.08 ± 18.11, p < 0.05). Atherogenic medium LDL decreased also in fasting (9.89 ± 3.27, 6.22 ± 2.55, p < 0.001) and postprandial state (8.88 ± 6.51, 6.88 ± 5.57, p < 0.001). However decrease of large IDL (25.38 ± 3.54, 23.88 ± 3.91, p < 0.05) and large LDL particles (42.89 ± 11.40, 38.67 ± 9.30) was observed only in postprandial state. Total HDL concentration remained unchanged but we observed statistically significant decrease of small HDL particles in fasting (6.11 ± 2.89, 4.22, p < 0.05) and postprandial state (6.44 ± 3.21, 4.56 ± 1.33, p < 0.05). Concentration of these particles are associated with progression of atherosclerosis. All changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile disappeared after 2 days of rest.ConclusionJust 4 daily settings of 20 min of physical exercise can lead to significant positive changes of fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile.

Fatigue and Functional Capacity in Persons with Post-Polio Syndrome: Short-term Effects of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification Compared to Lifestyle Modification Alone

Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development aims to enhance knowledge in the field of disability and inclusive development, addressing the needs of practitioners, policy makers, DPOs and the scientific community.

The short-term effects of exercise on intraocular pressure, choroidal thickness and axial length.

PurposeTo explore ocular changes in healthy people after exercise.MethodsTwenty five volunteers underwent exercise for 15 minutes on a treadmill. Measurements of choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular biometry, and blood pressure were taken before and after exercise. Enhanced Depth Imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure choroidal thickness at the fovea. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Ocular biometric measures were collected using A scan ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured concurrently with the acquisition of the scans.ResultsTwenty five volunteers (25 eyes) with a mean age of 25.44±3.25 years were measured. There was a significant increase in systolic and diastolic pressure after exercise (P<0.05). The IOP showed a significant decrease after exercise (P<0.05). However there was no significant difference in the mean choroidal thickness, ocular axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, or vitreous length before and after exercise measurements (P>0.05).ConclusionThere was a significant decrease in IOP from exercise without a change in choroidal thickness and ocular biometric measures. IOP and choroidal thickness were not correlated, suggesting that the IOP decrease from exercise is not due to changes in choridal thickness.

Effects Of Short-term Exercise And/or Smoking Cessation On Autonomic Nerve Regulation In Healthy Male Smokers

Effects Of Short-term Exercise And/or Smoking Cessation On Autonomic Nerve Regulation In Healthy Male Smokers