Effects Of Resistance Exercise Research Articles

What are the physiologic effects of Resistance Exercise behind breast cancer-related lymphedema prevention?

Research in the last decades' haven driven a paradigm shift in the approach to physical activity and exercise prescription in breast cancer survivors. Clinical guidelines have moved from bedrest dogma and avoiding strenuous activity in the upper limb to recommending resistance exercise (RE). In recent years, scientific evidence has shown that RE in the upper extremities can even have a preventive effect on breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). This knowledge was achieved thanks to systematic reviews with meta-analyses analyzing variables related to RE programs on lymphatic response and volumetry. However, other variables related, such as inflammation or acute responses, have been less addressed. The hypothesis presented in this paper is that there are both acute and chronic inflammatory and lymphatic response to exercise, systemic effects such as arm volume and body composition changes and unknown physiologic mechanics which contribute to BCRL prevention.

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Slow-Twitch Soleus Muscle of Infarcted Rats.

Three months after MI induction, male Wistar rats were assigned to Sham (n = 14), MI (n = 9), and resistance exercised MI (R-MI, n = 13) groups. The rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a climbing ladder. An echocardiogram was performed before and after training. Protein expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/protein kinase B (Akt)/rapamycin target complex (mTOR) pathway was analyzed by Western blot. Mortality rate was higher in MI than Sham; in the R-MI group, mortality rate was between that in MI and Sham and did not differ significantly from either group. Exercise increased maximal load capacity without changing cardiac structure and left ventricular function in infarcted rats. Infarction size did not differ between infarcted groups. Catalase activity was lower in MI than Sham and glutathione peroxidase lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Protein expression of p70S6K was lower in MI than Sham and p-FoxO3 was lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Energy metabolism did not differ between groups, except for higher phosphofrutokinase activity in R-MI than MI. Resistance exercise is safe and increases muscle strength regardless structural and functional cardiac changes in myocardial-infarcted rats. This exercise modality attenuates soleus glycolytic metabolism changes and improves the expression of proteins required for protein turnover and antioxidant response.

Physical Exercise Effects on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Postmenopausal Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The cardioprotective effect of physical exercise has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no systematic or updated analysis has described the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. to describe the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. The Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between January 2011 and December 2021, and regarding the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Two independent authors processed the citations. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDRo scale. Of the 91 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had fair or poor methodological quality. The analyzed studies investigated the effects of functional training, whole-body vibration, muscular resistance, stretching, and aerobic exercises performed at home or at the gym. The majority of these exercise modalities showed improvements in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices and in the low-frequency band of blood pressure variability. The meta-analysis shows that exercise increased the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1) (mean difference (MD) = 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 6.77, n = 46; I2: 0%) and the standard deviation of long-term variability (SD2) (MD = 11.37; 95% CI = 2.99 to 19.75; n = 46; I2: 0%). Aerobic exercise and some nonconventional training modalities may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. More high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy and safety.

The Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Memory, Processing Speed, and Mood State After a Cognitive Challenge.

Venezia, AC, Barney, P, Spagnoli, D, Greco-Hiranaka, C, Piepmeier, AT, Smith, JC, and Weiss, LR. The effects of acute resistance exercise on memory, processing speed, and mood state after a cognitive challenge. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1738-1745, 2023-Acute moderate-to-vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to improve learning and memory, but the effectiveness of acute high-intensity resistance exercise for improving memory is not fully understood. Like acute aerobic exercise, acute resistance exercise increases arousal and circulating catecholamines, mechanisms suggested to mediate the memory-enhancing effects of acute exercise. Furthermore, although acute exercise has been shown to benefit mood state, it is unknown if high-intensity resistance exercise positively influences mood state after a cognitive challenge. In this within-subjects design, subjects (18- to 25-year-old men) completed an approximately 40-minute session of resistance exercise or seated rest. Immediately after, the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Code Substitution (CS)-Learning, CS-Immediate Recognition, and CS-Delayed Recognition tasks were completed, followed by the ANAM Mood Scale. There were no significant effects of exercise on recognition memory; however, CS-Learning (attention and processing speed) was better after resistance exercise ( p = 0.03). After the cognitive challenge, restlessness ( p < 0.001), vigor ( p = 0.03), and depression ( p = 0.047) scores were higher after resistance exercise compared with rest; however, after false discovery rate correction, only restlessness remained significantly different between sessions ( q = 0.002), whereas vigor ( q = 0.09) and depression ( q = 0.09) did not. These results suggest that an acute bout of resistance exercise improves attention and processing speed, although it does not improve recognition memory and has mixed effects on mood state in college-aged men.

Effects of Resistance Exercise on Neuroprotective Factors in Middle and Late Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Neuroprotective factors are involved in brain functioning. Although physical exercise has been shown to have a positive influence on these factors, the effect of resistance exercise on them is not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to 1) estimate the efficacy of resistance exercise on major neuroprotective factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in middle and late life and 2) determine whether the effect is dose dependent. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Scopus, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science up to November 2022. Random effects models were used to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of resistance exercise on peripheral IGF-1, BDNF or VEGF levels in older adults. Thirty randomized clinical trials with 1247 subjects (53.25% women, 45-92 years) were included in the systematic review, and 27 were selected for the meta-analysis. A significant effect of resistance exercise on IGF-1 levels was observed (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.69), being more effective when performing 3 sessions/week (SMD: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.79) but not on BDNF (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: -0.29, 0.94). The effect on VEGF could not be determined due to the scarcity of studies. Our data support the resistance training recommendation in middle and late life, at a frequency of at least 3 sessions/week, to mitigate the neurological and cognitive consequences associated with aging, mainly through IGF-1.

Effect of resistance exercises on gait of middle-aged and older adults with Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that occurs more often in middle-aged and older adults, negatively affecting both their functional ability and quality of life. Resistance training can reduce the motor deficits caused by the disease and improve the walking ability of the patients. However, the effects of resistance exercises are disputed. The aim of this review is to highlight recent research data on the efficacy of resistance exercises as a treatment method for the improvement of motor symptoms in middle-aged and older adults with PD. The Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched with the following keywords: “resistance training AΝD Parkinson’s AND gait AND elderly AND middle-aged” and filtered for clinical studies published from 2010 and after. Ultimately, eight clinical studies were included in the review with a total sample of 322 PD patients. The results showed that resistance exercises are effective in improving gait, balance, and muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults with PD. However, exercise parameters are still under investigation and further research is needed on the matter to produce optimal guidelines.

The effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure in uncomplicated and at risk pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Regular exercise performed during pregnancy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing perinatal gestational hypertensive conditions. Further evidence on the exact parameters of exercise needed to explain these beneficial responses is required, within both uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on blood pressure during pregnancy. Systematic review and meta-analysis. An online search of six search engines was conducted up to February 2023. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort, and longitudinal studies were included. Studies included an acute exercise bout or intervention of land-based aerobic and/or resistance exercise during any trimester in uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Outcomes included mean arterial pressure (MAP), or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Following the removal of duplicates, 1538 articles were screened with 59 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for the review (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) n = 34, clinical trials n = 19, cohort n = 5 and cross-sectional n = 2), and 21 studies included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used with mean difference calculated in mmHg. Overall, there were no statistically significant effects of exercise on resting blood pressure (BP) outcomes in pregnant women with normal blood pressure compared to control/usual care populations following intervention (SBP mean diff -1.54 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.38; DBP mean diff -2.25 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.1; MAP mean diff -1.75 mmHg (favours intervention), p = 0.31). In at-risk pregnant women, both aerobic and combination exercise significantly reduced BP outcomes compared to control (SBP mean diff -3.91 mmHg, p < 0.01; DBP mean diff -2.9 mmHg, p = 0.01; MAP mean diff -2.38 mmHg, p = 0.01). Twenty-seven studies reported an acute increase in SBP and DBP during aerobic exercise, with no difference found between uncomplicated and at-risk pregnancies. Compared to usual care, aerobic and/or resistance exercise performed throughout uncomplicated pregnancy had no influence on blood pressure. Pregnant women with no diagnosed complications should be encouraged to exercise regularly due to the multitude of known benefits. In women who are at risk of, or diagnosed, with gestational hypertensive conditions during pregnancy, moderate to vigorous exercise during pregnancy improves blood pressure outcomes. Higher risk pregnancies may reduce their risk of future cardiovascular complications through regular exercise training during pregnancy. CRD42020159998.

Effects of Resistance Exercise Using Theraband with Weighted Cuff Resistance on Fall Risk and Balance among the Geriatric Population: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: Balance impairments and an increased fall risk are common concerns among individuals with various health conditions. Resistance exercise has shown potential in improving balance and reducing fall risk. Aim: To determine the effects of home-based Thera-Band resistance training in reducing the risk of falls among the geriatric population and to compare it with weight-cuff resistance training. Materials and Methods: A Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted at the Amity Institute of Health and Applied Science, Noida, India, from November 2022 to April 2023. The intervention period spanned four weeks, and a total of thirtythree subjects were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into three groups: Group A, Group B, and Group C. Group A performed resistance exercises using weight cuffs combined with standard balance training, Group B performed resistance training with Thera-Band combined with standard balance training, and Group C received standard balance exercises alone. The effects of the interventions on fall risk reduction were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) among the geriatric population. Paired t-tests were employed to compare pre- and post-intervention data within each group, determining significant changes within each group over the intervention period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised to assess between-group effects of the different interventions. Results: The FES scores were assessed pre- and postintervention for each group. Group B (Thera-Band) demonstrated significantly better outcomes in fall efficacy compared to Group A (Weight-cuff) (p&lt;0.01) and Group C (p&lt;0.01). For balance assessment using the BBS, both Group A and Group B showed better results compared to Group C (p&lt;0.01). In terms of mobility assessed through the TUG test, Group B exhibited substantial improvement compared to both Group A and Group C (p&lt;0.05). Improvements in fall efficacy, balance, and mobility were seen in Group B (Thera-Band). Conclusion: Home-based resistance training using TheraBand was found to be the most effective method for reducing the risk of falls in the geriatric population, followed by weightcuff resistance training in combination with conventional balance training. Thera-Band is not only effective but also more convenient, hassle-free, and cost-effective. The geriatric population should be provided with more multi-mode exercises that are easy to perform and have been found to be effective and helpful at their advanced age.

Long-Term Whole-Body Vibration Stimulus Decreases Body Fat Accumulation in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a type of light-resistance exercise that involves exposing the body to rapid and repeated oscillations of a vibrating platform. It has been suggested that long-term WBV can improve bone mass and muscle strength. However, little is known about its effects on body composition, and the safety and efficacy of WBV have not been established. In this study, we investigated the effects of WBV on body fat loss and muscle mass maintenance or improvement in male Wistar rats fed standard or high-fat diets. We also aimed to establish a rat model for future nutritional and physiological studies. We conducted two experiments using male Wistar rats that were 3 weeks old. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the vibration group. The rats were fed either a commercial standard diet (Experiment 1) or a high-fat diet (Experiment 2) ad libitum for 8-12 weeks. Our results showed that WBV stimulus dramatically reduced body fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet but not in those fed a standard diet. This suggests that WBV may be particularly effective under dietary conditions that promote obesity. Moreover, WBV increased the mass of several skeletal muscles, which are known to have resistance exercise effects. Our findings indicate that long-term WBV is safe, with no inhibition of growth or feeding. Taken together, our results suggest that WBV may be a promising approach for preventing and treating obesity. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to determine the optimal WBV for maximum benefits.

COMPARISION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL HOME-BASED EXERCISE VERSUS RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON GRIP STRENGTH AND HAND FUNCTIONS IN ELDERLY POPULATION

Background of the study: In people aged 20-29 years old, average grip strength is 46 kg for men and 29kg for women. This decrease to 39 kg-23kg by the time when people reach 60 – 69 years of age. Aim &amp; objective of the study is to study the comparative effects of multidimensional home-based exercise Vs resistance exercise to improve grip strength and hand functions in elderly population. Methodology: This experimental study of comparative type (pre and post) with 30 subjects the study was carried out at ACS medical college and hospital OPD for four weeks after the approval from institution of review board (IRB). there are selected for the study after getting consent for participation. the subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and they assigned into two groups by simple randomized sampling method. The Group A (multidimensional home-based exercise) consists of 15 and the Group B (resistance exercise) consists of 15, the hand-held dynamometer is used as outcome measures. Result: Comparative study between Group A and Group B showed significant difference found in effectiveness in Right, Left hand power with P value &lt;0.0001 on hand grip among elderly people. Conclusion: Comparative study between Group A and Group B showed significant difference found in effectiveness in Right, Left hand power with P value &lt;0.0001 on hand grip among elderly people. Group B found more significant compare with Group A with mean difference of 4.800, 5.34 respectively on right and left hand by resisted exercise on hand grip among elderly people.

Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training on Balance, Strength, Functional Capacity, and Pulmonary Function in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: Stroke has become the second leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over 10&amp;#37; of total deaths as per a report published by the American Health Association. Motor and cognitive impairments have been known to be associated with stroke survivors, with reports of up to 75&amp;#37; of post-stroke patients suffering from debilitating disabilities that prevent them from living independently. Motor disability is often attributed to muscle weakness, thereby affecting their gait and balance. So, the present systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effects of aerobic and resistance exercises improving balance, functional capacity, and pulmonary function among post-stroke patients. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted and registered with OSF registry (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DWVUF). This systematic review was conducted based on the following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy identifying effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on post-stroke patients was developed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central between the years January 2000 to June 2022. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews are the study designs that were included in the present review. Methodological quality assessment was done using mixed methods appraisal (MMAT) tool. Data on characteristics of intervention and outcome measures were extracted. Results: The search yielded 944 articles, and after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were considered for the final analysis. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies included. Data extracted from each study included the first author's name, year of publication, study design, and outcome measures wherever applicable. Balance, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity were the outcomes included. Conclusion: Great strides have been made in terms of progress for management options for stroke-induced physical limitations, and a growing number of studies have linked exercise to improved physical activity in post-stroke patients. However, further studies and evidence are needed to determine the long-lasting impacts of aerobic and resistance exercises on balance, muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity.

The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on the progression of colorectal cancer in an animal model.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on colorectal cancer (CRC) development in mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) coupled with colitis. Forty animals induced with CRC were used, divided into five groups of eight animals each: sedentary; continuous aerobics; continuous anaerobic; aerobic PI; and anaerobic PI. AOM was administered to the animals in two doses of 10 mg/kg each over the course of two weeks, the first dose administered in the third week and the second administered in the fourth. For the colitis, three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate were administered for five days, separated by two weeks of water. The 14th week of the experiment saw the euthanasia, the removal of their colons, and the creation of microscopy slides for histological analysis. Preneoplastic lesions developed in all five groups; there were no significant differences between them. However, in terms of inflammatory symptoms, mucosal ulceration was much more frequently in the exercise groups than in the sedentary group (p = 0.016). The number of polyps overall (p = 0.002), the distal region's polyp development (p = 0.003), and the proximal region's polyp development (p = 0.04) were all statistically different than sedentary group. The study discovered no significant difference in disease activity index scores between groups, but there was a significant difference in the number of polyps and the presence of mucosal ulceration in the colon.

EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO DE RESISTÊNCIA SOBRE A SAÚDE FÍSICA DE MULHERES DE MEIA-IDADE E IDOSAS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several methods of sports training are applied to improve physical health in middle-aged and elderly women. Among the emerging ones is resistance exercise, despite little evidence about its effects in this population group. Objective: Explore the effects of resistance exercise on promoting muscle health and reducing cardiovascular risk in middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: A questionnaire on the level of muscle health and cardiovascular risk factors of 100 middle-aged and elderly women was conducted. A total of 20 middle-aged and elderly women were randomly selected as participants, and the experimental group performed resistance exercise training, while the control group performed simple exercise training. Results: In the muscle health indicators of the experimental group, BMI decreased by 0.3%, body fat decreased by 1.3%, waist-to-hip ratio decreased by 0.01, fat decreased by 1.7 kg, lean weight increased by 2.8 kg, and protein decreased by 0.9 kg. The changes in cardiovascular health indicators in the experimental group were greater than those in the control group. Conclusion: Resistance exercise can effectively improve muscle health in middle-aged and elderly women, reducing cardiovascular risk. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO DE RESISTÊNCIA EM MEMBROS INFERIORES SOBRE O DESEMPENHO NO BADMINTON

ABSTRACT Introduction: Badminton is a sport that demands quick decision-making and abrupt changes of direction, demanding high performance in the explosive strength of the players’ lower limbs. It is believed that the exercise of resistance in the players’ lower limbs may reflect a better performance on the court. Objective: Study the lower limbs resistance exercise effects on badminton players’ performance. Methods: 24 active badminton players were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. While the control group continued the practice of existing training methods, the experimental group included lower limb strength exercise, with increased lower limb resistance with an elastic band completing the lower limb resistance exercise. Results: Before the experiment, the execution time of four points at the center of gravity was 16.83 ± 0.75 s in the experimental group and 17.15 ± 0.62 s in the control group, resulting in 15.40 ± 0.21s in the experimental group and 15.82 ± 0. 48s in the control group. The hurdle test period also changed from 10.21 ± 0.65s to 10.02 ± 0.62s in the experimental group, and from 10.82 ± 0.29s to 10.46 ± 0.32s in the control group. Conclusion: The addition of lower-limb resistance training to the daily training of badminton players can effectively improve the training efficiency and fitness of its players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

Effect of resistance exercise on stress, lower extremity edema, and body composition in intensive care unit nurses.

This study investigated the effects of resistance exercises using elastic bands on stress, lower extremity edema, and body composition in intensive care unit nurses. Twenty-three and 21 participants were classified into the experimental and control groups, respectively. Only the experimental group was subjected to a resistance exercise program using elastic bands for 8 weeks. Variables were measured before the experimental treatment and at the 4th and 8th weeks post-treatment. Stress was assessed using a numeric rating scale and stress index. Lower extremity edema was determined using a tape measure. Body composition around the calf and tibia muscle was measured using a body composition analyzer. The homogeneity of participants' general characteristics and the dependent variable was ensured. Following experimental treatment, subjective (F = 11.674, P < .001) and objective stresses (F = 6.965, P < .001) decreased. No difference was detected in calf and ankle circumference between the groups, while differences in muscle thickness (left, F = 31.708, P < .001; right, F = 18.630, P < .001) and fat thickness (left, F = 19.984, P < .001; right, F = 24.640, P < .001) were observed. Muscle thickness increased, and fat thickness decreased in the body composition around the lower extremities. Resistance exercises using the TheraBand can be an intervention to decrease stress and improve lower extremity body composition in intensive care unit nurses.

Acute Hormonal Responses to Multi-Joint Resistance Exercises with Blood Flow Restriction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of multi-joint resistance exercises (MJRE) with blood flow restriction on hormonal responses. Ten men participated in the study and underwent two experimental protocols in random order: four sets (30, 15, 15, and 15 reps, respectively) of MJRE (half squat and horizontal chest press) were performed with 20% of 1RM and a rest time between sets of 30 s, combined with intermittent blood flow restriction (LI + BFR protocol); and four sets (8, 8, 8, 20 reps, respectively) of the same MJRE performed with 75% of 1RM load (HI protocol), with a 90 s rest between the first three sets and 30 s between the third to the fourth set. Blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 15 min after the performance of MJRE (POST15). A time effect was observed for growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like-growth-factor-1-binding-protein-3 (IGFPB-3), but no protocol effects or interactions between protocol and times were observed (p > 0.05). There was no effect of either protocol or time (p > 0.05) on total testosterone, free testosterone, or cortisol concentrations. However, significant (p < 0.05) increases were observed in the GH serum concentrations of 2072.73% and 2278.5%, HI, and LI + BFR protocols, respectively, from the PRE to POST15 test. In addition, there was an increase of 15.30% and 13.29% in the IGFPB-3 concentrations (p < 0.05) from PRE to POST0 times for HI and LI + BFR protocols, respectively. Furthermore, there was a decrease of −6.17% and −11.54%, p = 0.00, between the times POST0 to POST15 in the IGFPB-3 for the HI and LI + BFR protocols, respectively. It is concluded that multi-joint resistance exercises combined with intermittent blood flow restriction seemed to promote acute hormonal responses in a manner similar to traditional exercise with high loads. Future studies may investigate whether chronic use of LI + BFR with MJRE may promote muscle hypertrophy.

The effect of resistance exercises using additional weights on some physical abilities and improving performance in free swimming for female students

اشتمل البحث على خمس أبواب : تضمن الباب الأول مقدمة البحث وأهميته إذ تطرقت الباحثة إلى أن السباحة إحدى الرياضات المحببة والمشوقة والممتعة في كثير من دول العالم لما لها من أهمية تميزها عن باقي الرياضات، إذ إنها تكسب الإنسان فوائد بدنية وصحية ونفسية واجتماعية، والسباحة مثلها مثل أي رياضة أخرى تقوم على بعض المهارات الأساسية التي في مجموعها تشكل الحركات الأساسية لحركة السباح داخل الماء وإن تعلمها يعد الأساس لمزاولة جميع الرياضات المائية. ظهرت أهمية البحث في هذا الموضوع لمعرفة مدى تأثير استخدام منهاج تدريب بالمقاومات بإضافة أوزان مختلفة على القدرات البدنية الخاصة ومدى تطور الانجاز في رياضة السباحة الحرة. وتضمن الباب الثاني أهم الأمور النظرية الخاصة بالبحث والمتمثلة بتدريبات المقاومات ومفهومها ، أهمية تدريبات المقاومات ، تدريبات المقاومة باستخدام الأوزان الإضافية، السباحة، وتطرقت الباحثة إلى دراسة مرتبطة بالبحث، وفي الباب الثالث تضمن منهجية البحث وإجراءاته الميدانية إذ تم اختيار (20) طالبة من المرحلة الثانية في كلية التربية الرياضية للبنات / جامعة بغداد. وأجريت عليهم الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية . وفي الباب الرابع استخدمت أهم الوسائل الإحصائية للخروج بالنتائج .ومن النتائج ظهرت الاستنتاجات الآتية في الباب الخامس : ظهر تطور في القدرات البدنية ومستوى الأداء الخاص نجاح المناهج التدريبية لمجموعة البحث ، التدريب على الأوزان الإضافية في تطوير متغيرات البحث جمعيها الخاصة بمهارة السباحة الحرة. التنوع في تشكيلة الحمل التدريبي ، وطبيعة الانقباضات العضلية ، كان له الأثر البالغ في تطوير القدرات البدنية الخاصة ، ومستوى الأداء بالسباحة الحرة. وفي ضوء ما تقدم من استنتاجات ، توصي الباحثة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمها : اعتماد المنهج التدريبي الخاص باستخدام الأوزان الإضافية في تطوير القدرات البدنية والتنوع في استعمال طرائق التدريب الحديثة، وأساليب التدريب المنوعة والملائمة ، يعمل على كسر الجمود ، وتطوير مستوى الأداء في السباحة .

Different Effects of Progressive Resistance Exercise and Knee Strengthening Exercise on Increasing Functional Capabilities in Case Knee Osteoarthritis in Paccerakkang Health Center Area

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that occurs due to the aging process that attacks the knee joint. Knee OA is characterized by the erosion of joint cartilage and the formation of new bone on the joint surface. Symptoms that occur are Morning Sickness, Start Pain, Stiffness, and pain when supporting or walking, causing functional impairment of the knee. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of Progressive Resistance Exercise and Knee Strengthening Exercise on functional ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The research is Quasi Experiment while the approach used is Two Group Pre Test-Post Test Design. The study population was taken from all patients with knee OA in the Paccerakg Health Center Makassar, South Sulawesi. Samples were taken by means of Accidental Sampling, totaling 16 people and divided into two groups, namely treatment group 1 with 8 people and treatment group 2 with 8 people. The data obtained were first tested using Shapiro-Wil and the results of the pre-test value of treatment group 1 were 0.922 &gt;α 0.05 and post-test value was 0.336 &gt;α 0.05, treatment group 2 pre-test was 0.781 &gt;α 0 .05 and post test 0.845 &gt;α 0.05. The data is said to be normal if p&gt; 0.05. Then tested with Paired Simple T-test. The results of the study in treatment group 1 were 0.007 (p&lt;0.05) and treatment group 2 was 0.001 (p&lt;0.05), which means that there is a difference in the effect of Progressive Resistance Exercise and Knee Strengthening Exercise interventions on functional ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

The effects of resistance exercise on appetite sensations, appetite related hormones and energy intake in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer survivors

Appetite is a determinant of dietary intake and is impacted by sex hormones, exercise, and body composition among individuals without chronic conditions. Whether appetite is altered by exercise in the context of estrogen suppression and cancer survivorship is unknown. This randomized cross-over study compared appetite and ad libitum energy intake (EI) after acute resistance exercise (REx) versus sedentary (SED) conditions and in relation to body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Physically inactive premenopausal females with previous stage I-III estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer completed a single bout of REx or SED 35 minutes after a standardized breakfast meal. Appetite visual analog scales and hormones (total ghrelin and peptide-YY [PYY]) were measured before and 30, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes post-meal and expressed as area under the curve (AUC). Participants were offered a buffet-type meal 180 minutes after breakfast to assess ad libitum EI. Body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry) and RMR (indirect calorimetry) were measured during a separate visit. Sixteen BCS were included (age: 46 ± 2 y, BMI: 24.9 ± 1.0 kg/m2). There were no differences in appetite ratings or EI between conditions. There were no differences in appetite hormone AUC, but REx resulted in lower ghrelin 120 (−85 ± 39 pg/mL, p = 0.031) and 180 (−114 ± 43 pg/mL, p = 0.018) minutes post-breakfast and higher PYY 90 (21 ± 10 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and 120 (14 ± 7 pg/mL, p = 0.041) minutes post-breakfast. Fat-free mass and RMR negatively correlated with hunger and prospective food consumption AUC after SED, but not REx. In sum, a single REx bout temporarily reduces orexigenic and increases anorexic appetite hormones, but not acute subjective appetite sensations or EI.

Effects of acute resistance exercise with different loads on appetite, appetite hormones and autonomic nervous system responses in healthy young men

Although the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on the appetite has been widely explored, the influence of resistance exercise (RE) with different variables, including training loads, training volume, and inter-set rest, on appetite responses requires further investigation. This study examined the importance of training load in RE-induced appetite regulation, with the total training volume and inter-set rest equalized. In total, 11 healthy young men (age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass index = 22 ± 2 kg/m2) were included. Participants completed 3 trials, namely moderate-load RE (MOD; 4 sets of 8 repetitions at 85% 8RM), low-load RE (LOW; 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 45% 8RM), and a control (CON; no exercise), in a randomized, crossover design. Subjective appetite ratings; concentrations of ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and lactate; and the autonomic nervous system activity were evaluated before exercise and 1 h after exercise. The hunger and predicted food consumption ratings, and ghrelin concentrations immediately after exercise were significantly lower in the MOD and LOW trials (p < 0.05 vs. CON). The PYY and lactate concentrations immediately after exercise were significantly higher in the MOD and LOW trials (p < 0.05 vs. CON). Heart rate variability recovery was slower in the MOD trial. These findings suggest that both moderate-load and low-load RE at equal training volumes and inter-set rest induce similar responses on hunger suppression and orexigenic signals, except for the slower recovery of autonomic modulation after moderate-load RE. Our results suggest that when individuals aim to potentiate appetite suppression after a bout of RE, both moderate- and low-load RE could be applied.