Effects Of Recreational Activities Research Articles

Otel işgörenlerine yönelik rekreatif faaliyetlerin motivasyon ve iş tatminine etkisi: Beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama

Otel işgörenlerine yönelik rekreatif faaliyetlerin motivasyon ve iş tatminine etkisi: Beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir uygulama

The Effects of Recreational Activities on Depressive Symptoms and Burnout Level of Mothers Having Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Several studies revealed some mood disorders such as depression and burnout in nursing parents as a result of difficulties brought by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms. On the other hand, recreative activities have a therapeutic effect on mental health. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of physical activity-based recreation on mothers' depression and burnout levels. 15 mothers having children with ASD were included in the single-group pre-test and post-test experimental design study. Beck Depression Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory were applied to mothers to determine depression and burnout levels before and after the one-week camp. According to the results of the paired sample t-test, the depression levels of the mothers decreased significantly after the camp, whereas burnout levels remained the same. While depression and burnout levels of the mothers were moderately correlated before the recreation camp, they did not correlate following the recreation camp. It can be concluded that burnout emotional state in parents of children with ASD may correlate with depression which might be reduced as a result of physical activity based recreative activities. Further longitudinal studies including quantitative and qualitative research methods are needed to determine the cause-effect relationship and create effective recreational programs for families having children with ASD.

THE EFFECT OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON TRAIT AND STATE ANXIETY LEVELS

Recreation is a concept referring to the activities people do in their spare time and how university students recreate their spare time completely takes place within the scope of facilities offered by the university.
 Anxiety is a multifaceted inner feature that consists physiological, physiological and behavioral reactions or event. It can also be accepted as a broad concept for many complex, emotional and encouraging (motivating) situations that occurs as a result of any threat.
 Research has been designed in a single group pre-test and post-test model. Research sample is same with study area which covers totally 180 of our university students (120 male and 60 female). Anxiety Inventory has been used as a measurement tool which was developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) and adapted by Öner and Le Compte (1995). 
 The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of recreational activities (trekking, camping, rock climbing) participated by the students on their anxiety level. As a result of the analysis; it was determined that the activities such as trekking, camping and rock climbing do not have a significant effect on trait anxiety scores of the participants, however; camping and rock climbing cause a significant increase on state anxiety scores. In terms of the gender variable, it has been found out that camping and rock climbing lead a statistically significant increase on state anxiety scores of female participants. 
 Consequently, it is possible to say that activities taking place in an unfamiliar environment with a high risk potential increase the state anxiety of participants and these physical activities have a higher level of influence on females in terms of state anxiety level.

Sixth-year follow-up of the effects of recreational activities found to eliminate the symptoms of social phobia and shyness.

The lack of 6-year follow-up studies that test the effect of recreational activities in the recovery of social phobia and shyness symptoms is the reason to conduct this study. The purpose is to follow the effect of the 12-week recreational activity program found to eliminate social phobia and shyness symptoms after the completion of university studies in its sixth year. At the end of the 12-week recreational activity program that treats the symptoms of social phobia and shyness in university prep school students, 83 students who participated in the posttest both from intervention and control groups were invited to the study. In the sixth-year follow-up study, a total of 51 voluntary students - 32 from the intervention group and 19 from the control group - were administered the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Shyness Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. When the pretests and the sixth-year scores are compared, it is seen that it still has an improving effect on social phobia and shyness; when the posttests and the sixth-year tests are compared, no difference is seen regarding social phobia whereas it is seen that recovery still continues regarding the symptoms of shyness, and a decrease is seen in self-esteem. While the improving effect of recreational activities on shyness and social phobia symptoms still continues, their effect on self-esteem decreases. It is suggested that recreational activities should be included in the programs at universities regarding personal and professional development, and the reasons for the decrease in self-esteem scores should be determined through more detailed studies.

Recreation in the lifestyle of students

The article outlines the concept of recreation, modern recreational activity, its health orientation for students of educational institutions. It determines factors that influence the support of the motor activity of students and the effect of recreational activities. Authors make attempt to generalize the modern views of scientists on the problem of organizing recreational activities in the system of physical culture and sports and prove that scientific organization of recreational activity is of great importance. It proposes basic approaches to the definition of the terms "physical recreation", "recreational activity". The article defines directions of recreational activity, in particular recreational-tourism. The authors prove effectiveness of using recreational activities technology with its positive influence on the indicators of physical condition of students, volume of physical activity, organization of useful leisure and active rest, level of recreational culture. The article gives background to further refinement of the theoretical foundations of physical recreation, as despite of great empirical material, requires a qualitatively new form of organization of knowledge about it. This requires a scientific study of the nature, specification of the development of knowledge about physical recreation, the characteristics of its basic features, objects and functions, conceptual models and analysis of the foreign experience of organizing activities in the field of physical reaction, sports and health tourism.

The Effects of Recreational and Sportive Activities on the Quality of Life of Mothers with Autistic Children’s

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of recreational activities and sports on the quality of life of the mothers of autistic children. The population of this study is the mothers of autistic children living in Isparta. A total of twenty (20) mothers were chosen using random sampling method and split into control and application groups with equal number of samples (10). Mothers in the application group attended a fifteen (15) days program with 8 hours of specially planned activities per day. The activities consisted of nature walks, trips to historical and artistic sites and social tours (zoo, historical ruins, picnic etc.) as well as sportive activities (swimming). WHOQOL-BREF (TR) Quaility of Life Assessment Instrument was used as a pre-test before the study and as a post-test after the study for evaluating the results of the study. Results were analyzed using SPSS statistical analysis software. Mean rank differences of independent variables between groups and mean differences within groups were compared using a non-parametric test. The alpha level for Type 1 errors was 0.05 (α=0.05). The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the mothers of autistic children in the control and the application groups and the quality of life of the mothers in the application group increased (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in quality of life of the mothers in the control group (p>0.05). Therefore, specially planned recreational and sportive activities improved the quality of life of the mothers with autistic children. The fact that no significant difference was observed in the control group can be due to the community of the mothers’ daily workload.

The Effect of Recreational Activities on Social Physique Anxiety in Sedentary Individuals

Exercise plays an important role in variables that involve concern about individuals' physical appearance. Therefore, the effect of sedentary women between the ages of 25-35 on the effects of the exercises they participated for recreational purposes on the levels of social physics anxiety was the aim of the study. 65 sedentary women participated in the study voluntarily. Pilates group (PG, n=20), Fitness group (FG, n=23) and control group (CG, n=25) were divided into three groups. PG and FG perform the exercise 3 days a week for 3 months. The control group did not perform any exercise. Statistics were performed by using SPSS package program. Conformity of data to a normal distribution was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean and as standard deviation. Paired-t-test was used for the pre-test and used the post-test comparison of the data, while Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for intergroup comparisons, and Unpaired t-test was used to determine to originate on which group was the difference. Accordingly, after 3 months of an exercise, there was a significant difference between body weight, body mass index and pre-end values of social physique anxiety (SPA) in PG and FG (p <0.05). Pair-wise comparisons, this resultant difference was between exercise groups and the control group (p <0.05). As a result, it is possible to mention the positive effects of recreational exercises in social physics anxiety.

Effects of Recreational Activity on Leisure Barriers between Students

Recreation, which means relaxing and pleasant activities that people do voluntarily in their free time, is a concept that provides the physical and psychological renewal of individuals. The study was conducted on a total of 497 students, 248 men participating in recreational sports activities and 249 men who did not participate in any recreational activities. For this purpose “Leisure Constraints Scale”, which was developed by Alexandris and Carroll (1997) and was conducted in the study of the validity and reliability for Turkish Society by Karakucuk and Gurbuz (2007) was used. Statistical analysis of the study was performed by using SPSS 22,0 package program. The normality hypothesis of the data was analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Since all variables showed normal distribution, parametric tests were applied to the independent variables related to the sub-problems and the leisure time scale subscales. Independent t test was used for paired comparisons and Pearson correlation was used for the relationship between variables. Statistical results were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and p

Effects of recreational activity on Acorn Barnacle (Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta) in the Red Sea

Abstract Environmental recreation is a fast growing industry. However, in many cases the consequences for the environment are ignored. Eilat is just such a case wherein tourism is the mainstay of the city and the Red Sea is the main attraction. Most areas are developed specifically for enhancing tourism and one of the most benign of creatures, that sits permanently on rocks and seashores, is trodden upon regularly is the Acorn Barnacle (Tetraclita squamosa rufotincta). We surveyed 10 sites with the same area for the number of barnacles that were live, dead or deserted. We compared between areas frequented by recreationists, and from which, they were denied access. We found a significantly greater number of individuals, live barnacles, and fewer deserted barnacles in the restricted areas. We conclude that the Acorn Barnacles in the undisturbed areas had significantly greater probability of survival and longevity compared to those exposed to anthropogenic activity.

Habitat suitability modulates the response of wildlife to human recreation

Outdoor recreation activities are growing in popularity, causing increasing pressure on wildlife. There are various ways in which wildlife reacts to recreation activities, ranging from behavioural to physiological responses, with regional variation in response-intensity within the same species. We tested whether the effects of human recreation are modulated by overall structural habitat suitability, using a model that included vegetation and topography, at both the regional and local habitat use scale. By undertaking a systematic, plot-based survey over 13 years in 13 study regions across central Europe, we studied how recreation infrastructure and habitat suitability interact and affect the variation in regional densities and local habitat use of an endangered model species: the western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus). Both regional densities and local habitat use varied greatly between study years and regions. Capercaillie densities were positively correlated with average habitat suitability, but significantly reduced when over 50% of the area was influenced by recreation activities. Habitat suitability was the main predictor determining local habitat use. Recreation infrastructures were avoided: the effect being stronger in poor habitat conditions, while slightly mediated by high habitat suitability. Our results indicate that effects of recreation activities might be mitigated by improving habitat suitability; however this has limits because it only affects local scale habitat use but not regional densities. We stress the importance of recreation-free areas which must cover extensive (i.e. >50%) parts of the species range.

Effects of recreational activities on Patagonian rocky shores

Recreational activities can be an important source of anthropogenic disturbance in intertidal benthic assemblages. On rocky shores, activities such as trampling, snorkeling and the handling of organisms may have a negative effect on benthic communities by modifying the abundance and distribution of key species. Here, we describe and quantify impacts due to recreational activities on benthic communities on a Patagonian rocky shore by investigating their resilience to two types of human disturbance: vehicle traffic and human trampling. To evaluate the effects of these activities, we carried out an observational study and assessed post-disturbance assemblage recovery. The rocky shores is most intensively visited during summer, and marked differences in the distribution and abundance of benthic species among disturbed and control plots were found after this season. The benthic community on the high intertidal was weakly impacted by disturbance generated due to vehicle traffic in summer (one vehicle on a single occasion, pulse disturbance); which did not affect the cover of dominant species. This suggests that the high intertidal community would be resistant to the passage of one vehicle on a single occasion. The effects of continuous trampling (press disturbance) were drastic and the community of the mid intertidal level did not recover before the next recreational season. Mid intertidal communities exposed to press disturbances require more than one tourist season of human inactivity to recover from anthropogenic effects, suggesting that resilience mechanisms in this community operate at broad timescales. Our findings highlight the need to establish and implement management actions that contemplate the nature of the disturbance and intertidal level to minimize habitat degradation due to human recreational activities.

The Effect of Recreational Activities on the Self-esteem and Loneliness Level of the Prisoners as an Alternative Education

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of recreational activities on the self-esteem and loneliness level of prisoners as an alternative education. Method: The sample of this research consisted of 23 female prisoners who were randomly selected in Kandira prison and detention house. As preliminary and final tests, these prisoners were given a personal information form, self-esteem and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The program lasted one and a half hours a day, two days a week and twelve weeks. The activities were composed of music, dancing, meditation, sports activities, videos and entertaining competitions. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon and correlation tests in SPSS 18 package program (p<0.05). The findings: The prisoners were aged between 20 and 59 and they were in prison for less than one year and for 10 years. A statistically positive and significant connection was determined between loneliness preliminary test and final test scores (p=0.001) in the group. A statistically negative connection was calculated in the correlation analysis that was performed between self-esteem level in preliminary and final tests (0.002) and loneliness level in preliminary and final tests (0.012). Conclusion: Recreational activities were specified to have positive effect on increasing the self-esteem level and decreasing loneliness level of the prisoners.

The effects of recreation activities on life quality of old age people in a local nursing home

The effects of recreation activities on life quality of old age people in a local nursing home

Effects of recreational activities on the soil and water components of a deciduous forest ecosystem in Turkey

Impacts of recreational activities on some hydrological properties of a deciduous forest ecosystem related to water production have been evaluated with an inclusive soil study, coupled with a two‐year water quality monitoring program. Spatial variations of water quality parameters did not indicate a statistically significant deterioration caused by the recreational activities in the stream water, but the effects of trampling on physical soil properties were clear. The bulk density of the soils increased with the intensity of recreation from 1.18 to 1.29 g cm−3, while the percentage of clay fraction decreased, as an indicator of erosion. The soils of the stream banks in the recreation area had reasonable saturated hydraulic conductivity values, and were affected sharply by the intensity of recreational use. The low inclination (0.5%) and the coarse texture of the soils were possibly the main factors diminishing or concealing the trampling effects not observed on the water quality of the stream passing through the recreation area.

Positive affect among nursing home residents with Alzheimer's dementia: The effect of recreational activity

The experience of positive emotions is an integral component of quality of life. Research suggests that cognitive deficits in persons with dementia may impede their ability to generate pleasurable moments and hence decrease their positive affect. Therefore, structured recreation activities may have the potential to significantly improve resident affect. However, differences in affect between ordinary time and recreation time are not well known. The present study used previously published structured-observation instruments to measure affect and behaviour among 35 dementia residents at two nursing homes in Japan during ordinary time and during recreation time. A total of 3,854 one-minute observations were coded. Dementia residents expressed happiness over seven times more often during recreation time than during ordinary time. Over 60% of ordinary time was solitary, with 65.72% of all observed affect being ‘Null Affect’. A total of 43.75% of residents expressed happiness only during recreation time. In addition 48.9% of all behaviour during ‘Ordinary Time’ was coded as ‘Null Behaviour’, which indicated that the resident was sitting and doing nothing. Findings indicate that recreation time is significantly higher in positive affect than ordinary time and that virtually all residents benefited from recreation.

Impact of recreational harvesting on assemblages in artificial rocky habitats

Man-made structures have become ubiquitous features of coastal landscapes. These artificial habitats are popular recreation sites. Patterns and effects of recreational activities were investigated from 1999 to 2004 on coastal structures along 40 km of shoreline in the Emilia Romagna region (North Adriatic Sea, Italy). Four studies estimated the magnitude and frequency of exploitation by people, and established how human exploitation varied in space and time. A manipulative experiment involving the removal of mussels, mimicking the impact of human harvesting, was carried out to identify the effects of extensive mussel exploitation. Recreational exploitation was a major recurrent disturbance. Hundreds of people visited defence structures for recreational fishing and to harvest a variety of invertebrates to be used primarily as food. Human exploitation was most intense during the spring and summer but relatively unpredictable at scales of days and hours. Exploitation was homogeneous among different locations, despite marked differences in the accessibility of the structures. Visitors to the structures were mainly local people. Harvesting of mussels was particularly disruptive for the assemblages, leading to depletion of mussel beds, opening of unoccupied space, patchiness in the assemblages, and favouring the development of macroalgae. The main types of macroalgae were green and filamentous algae, which are a nuisance for beach tourism in the area, and the invasive species Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides. Effective management of human access to artificial habitats is essential, since recreational exploitation influences the distribution and structure of their associated assemblages, ultimately affecting the native characteristics of the areas.

Effects of Recreational Activities on the Distribution of Dicosmoecus gilvipes in a Mountain Stream

Abundances of the larval caddisfly Dicosmoecus gilvipes and epilithic algae were compared at 9 sites (5 exposed to extensive recreational activity and 4 with minimal activity) in Quartzville Creek, Oregon. Recreational impacts on caddisfly densities were apparent for instars 3-5, but effects were greater on earlier instars than later instars. In 1995, sites with low human use had significantly higher densities of D. gilvipes than those sites exposed to intense recreation. Chlorophyll a biomass was not correlated with either D. gilvipes densities or intensity of human activity. In February 1996, an 85-y flood event forced closure of the study area to the public throughout the 2nd sampling season. Recreational impacts from 1995 were apparent at more localized spatial and temporal scales than were effects of flooding in 1996. The flood reduced D. gilvipes densities by 83% (±23% SE) and chlorophyll a biomass by 41% (±28% SE) across all sites. These results emphasize the need for additional studies on how multiple recreational activities impact lotic food webs.

The effects of recreation on freshwater plants and animals: A review

This paper reviews the impacts of recreation on freshwater plants and animals. A distinction is made between water- and shore-based activities, and between physical and chemical effects. The impacts of water-based recreation, which result mainly from boating, are discussed in terms of wash, turbulence and turbidity, propeller action, direct contact, disturbance to animals, pollution from outboard motors and sewage. Those resulting from shore-based activities, such as angling and swimming, include trampling and associated effects, as well as sewage and other chemical impacts. The effects of management for recreation are also considered. There is relatively more information on the effects of recreational activities on plants than on animals, but the authors consider that further research is required in both fields. Some possible approaches are presented.