Effect Of Principals Research Articles

How school principals influence student learning

Many studies examine the importance of teachers in students’ learning, but few exist on the contribution of principals. We measure the effect of principals on gains in primary test scores in North Carolina and estimate the standard deviation of principals’ value added to be 0.12–0.17. We find that the match between principals and schools accounts for a significant amount of principals’ value added and also find that replacing the current principal has little effect on non-test-score school inputs and outcomes regardless of the new principal’s value added, but that brand new principals have a detrimental effect.

THE EFFECT OF PRINCIPALS’ TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND TEACHER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF BOVEN DIGOEL DISTRICT, PAPUA, INDONESIA

School organizational climate is the visceral 'sense' of safety and belonging that people experience on site. This present study aimed at describing the effect of principals’ transformational leadership and teachers’ socioeconomic status on school organizational climate in the Elementary Schools of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua? Two problem statements guided the study as follows: (a) does principals’ transformational leadership effect positively and significantly on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua? and (b) does teachers’ socioeconomic status effect positively and significantly on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua? A purposive sampling was used to obtain 217 drawn from amongs 412 elementary schools’ teachers of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua. Data were analysed quantitatively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Findings of the study showed that: (a) principals’ transformational leadership effects positively effect on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua; and (b) teachers’ socioeconomic status effect positively and significantly on school organizational climate in the elementary schools of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua. These findings might be worthwhile for the Head of Education Office at regional government level to take an effort of improving both principals’ transformational leadership and teachers’ socioeconomic status in order that school organizational climate is condusive for all on site. Article visualizations:

The effects of principals’ communication practices on teachers’ emotional distress

Educational leadership plays a significant role in school success, through its effects on teachers’ emotions, attitudes, and behaviours. However, the knowledge of how school leaders influence teachers’ emotions is very limited. Most existing evidence focuses on general explanations that are not the result of controlled research designs, which is why we lack solid operative knowledge on principals’ emotional support of teachers in emotional distress. The present study seeks to address this lacuna. Our approach focuses on interpersonal communication, aimed at expanding the operative knowledge about emotionally supportive communication in principal–teacher relations. The study is based on the experimental vignette method, which makes it possible to infer causality. The data were collected using a sample of 113 primary school teachers. The study found that principals’ empathic listening is associated with greater attributed emotional reframing (i.e. positive emotional change), irrespective of the message that principals communicate; however, it is only the presence of a reframing message, whether empowering or normalising, that influences the actual reframing of negative affect.

Effect of school principals’ favouritism behaviors and attitudes on teachers’ organizational commitment, based on the perceptions of primary and secondary school teachers

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is relation between the favouritism attitudes and behaviours of the school administrators and the organizational commitment of the teachers, based on the perceptions of the teachers. This is a correlational study using survey model. The study is in relational screening model. Research population contains 1219 teachers working in schools (27 of which are primary schools and 25 are secondary schools) in Siirt city centre in the 2014 and 2015 school year. In this research, favouritism scale developed by Aydoğan (2009) and consisting of 15 items and a sub-dimension, as well as the organisational commitment scale developed by Balay (2000) and consisting of three sub-dimensions as compliance, internalization and identification were applied. As a result of the research carried out, it was determined that the primary and secondary school teachers’ perceptions regarding the favouritism attitudes and behaviours of the school administrators are at low level. Moreover, teachers stated that they rarely agree with the items in the compliance sub-dimension of the organizational commitment, while they moderately agree with the items in the identification and internalization sub-dimensions. It was determined that based on the perceptions of the primary and secondary school teachers, there is a negative and medium level relation between the favouritism attitudes and behaviours of the school administrators, and the internalization and identification sub-dimensions of the organizational commitment. Moreover, a positive and low level relation was determined between the favouritism attitudes and behaviours of the school administrators, and the compliance sub-dimensions of the organizational commitment. Furthermore, it was concluded that the favouritism attitudes and behaviours of the school administrators significantly predict all sub-dimensions of the organizational commitment.

Effect of Principal Managerial Leadership and Compensation towards Physics Teacher Performance in Senior High School in Baguala District-Ambon

The performance of teachers is an important factor that must be considered in efforts to improve the quality of education. Teacher’s performance is affected by many factors. Factors that affect the performance of teachers are principals’ managerial leadership and compensation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of principals’ managerial leadership and compensation to the performance of physical science teachers in senior high schools in the district Baguala Ambon city. This type of research is quantitative design. The instrument was used questionnaire. The variables studied were the principal managerial leadership (X1), compensation (X2) as independent variables and performance of science physics teachers (Y) as dependent variable. Prior to use in the true research, the validity and reliability of these instrument was done. To reveal relationships between variables, correlation analysis was performed, while to know the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable regression analysis also performed. Analysis of the validity, reliability, correlation and regression analysis was performed using SPSS program version of 18.0 for windows. The results showed that between principal managerial leadership and teacher performance there is a very high correlation. Between compensation with the performance have high correlation and the combination of principals’ managerial leadership and compensation with the performance there is a very high correlation. Regression analysis showed that the independent variables principals managerial leadership and compensation, or a combination of both contribute to or affect the performance of physical science teacher at senior high school in the district Baguala.

Effects of Principals’ Communication Abilities on The Adoption Of Strategic Management In Public Secondary Schools In Baringo County, Kenya

Effects of Principals’ Communication Abilities on The Adoption Of Strategic Management In Public Secondary Schools In Baringo County, Kenya

School leadership and its impact on student achievement

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of teacher job satisfaction and school climate in mediating the relative effects of principals’ instructional and transformational leadership practices on student outcomes.Design/methodology/approach– Guided by strong evidence from theories on school leadership and work psychology, the authors hypothesized relations among dimensions of principals’ instructional and transformational leadership behaviors, teachers’ perception of the school climate (social and affective, and physical environment), their job satisfaction and student achievement. The benefits of the principal’s leadership behaviors for student achievement are primarily hypothesized as indirect, with either a weak or statistically non-significant direct positive effect on student outcomes. Path modeling was applied to validate a mediated-effects model using cross-sectional survey data (306 principals, 1,539 teachers) obtained from 306 secondary schools in the two Indian metropolitan cities of New Delhi and Kolkata.Findings– Principal leadership behaviors were not associated directly with either teacher job satisfaction or school-aggregated student achievement. Rather, the transformational leader behavior showed an indirect effect, through the social and affective component of the school climate, on teacher job satisfaction. The physical climate, however, appeared to play a dominating role in mediating the instructional leadership effects on teacher job satisfaction. Comparing the relative indirect effect sizes of the instructional and transformational leadership behaviors on student achievement, principals appear to favor the former approach.Originality/value– This study provides further empirical evidence that instructional leadership better captures the impact of school leadership on student outcomes, when compared to its transformational counterpart. By identifying the relative effects of different leadership practices, school leaders and educational practitioners can focus more on altering the distribution and frequency of those practices that work best for ameliorating student achievement levels.

How Principals Affect Schools

Recent studies in Economics have found that the idiosyncratic effect of school leaders may be an important factor in improving student outcomes. The specific channels through which principals affect schools are, with minor exceptions, still largely unexplored in this literature. Employing a unique administrative panel data set from the Victorian public school system, we construct estimates of the idiosyncratic effects of principals on student achievement. We do so using fixed effects techniques and turnover of principals across schools to isolate the effect of principals from the effect of schools themselves. More importantly, through annual detailed staff and parent surveys, we investigate several potential mechanisms through which individual principals may affect student outcomes.

English

Organizational deviant behaviors can be defined as behaviors that have deviated from standards and uncongenial to organization's expectations. When such behaviors have been thought to damage the organization, it can be said that reducing the deviation behaviors at minimum level is necessary for a healthy organization. The aim of this research is to determine the level of teachers' organizational deviant behaviors to show the relationship between deviant behavior level and principal's leadership styles. Research's data were collected from 557 secondary school teachers working in Izmir province by using scales named as “Organizational Deviance Scale for Schools” and “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire”. According to the findings, teachers have displayed organizational deviant behaviors at low level and principals have absorbed transformational and interactional leadership. According to correlation analysis, there has been a negative relationship between organizational deviant behaviors and transformational and interactional leadership styles, and a positive relationship between organizational deviant behaviors and laissez-faire leadership. Findings have explained the effect of principals' leadership styles on deviant behavior. As a recommendation, to decrease these deviant behaviors, principals who tend to show transactional and transformational leadership behaviors can be guided and trained about the reasons of deviant behaviors, and how to reduce these deviant behaviors. Key words: Organizational deviance, multi-factor leadership, education.

The effects of principals’ perceived instructional and distributed leadership practices on their perceptions of school climate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which leadership styles predict school climate, in order to identify whether a relationship exists between principals’ perceived practices of instructional and distributed leadership and their perceptions of school climate (mutual respect and school delinquency), controlling for a net of principal and school characteristics. This research was conducted on a principal data-set from the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), which was administered by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Several linear regression models with and without the country controlled dummy variables were conducted, respectively. Results indicated that principals’ perceived distributed and instructional leadership practices are significant predictors of staff mutual respect in the school. Nevertheless, such leadership styles did not appear as important factors for school delinquency and violence. School size and socio-economic status turned out to be the two most important factors predicting school safety. These results add nuance to the findings of previous studies that principals’ emphasis on instructional practice and sharing leadership can play a significant role in promoting the trust, collegiality and respect among staff. However, more than such leadership styles may be needed for creating a safe and orderly school environment.

Exploring the association between transformational leadership and teacher’s self-efficacy in Greek education system: a multilevel SEM model

The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of principals’ transformational leadership on teachers’ self-efficacy across 77 different Greek elementary and secondary schools based on a centralized education system. For the investigation of the above effect multilevel Structural Equation Modelling analysis was conducted, recognizing the nested nature of the data (teachers withing schools). It was using the approach of Muthén and the software package MPlus. For the purpose of this study, psychometric properties of the Principal Leadership Questionnaire (PLQ) and The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) were examined using structural equation modelling techniques. The results revealed that general factor representing the items of PLQ have an effect upon TSES constructs (efficacy in student engagement, and efficacy in instructional strategies). The originality and value of the current manuscript highlights the stability of the effect of transformational leadership and self-efficacy in a centralized educational system and the importance of the application of different transformational leadership behaviours concerning the enhancement of teacher’s self-efficacy. Conclusions on the implications, suggestions for future research and limitations of the findings are drawn.

The role of perceived autonomy support in principals’ affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between principals’ perceived autonomy support from superintendents, affective commitment to their school districts, and job satisfaction. We also explore possible moderation effects of principals’ career experiences on these relations. Data were collected from K-12 public school principals in the United States ( $$N =$$ 1,501) who completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicate that principals are more likely to be affectively committed to their school districts and more satisfied with their jobs when they perceive their superintendents as more autonomy supportive. In addition, we found a significant interaction between perceived autonomy support and years of employment by current school districts indicating that the relation between autonomy support and affective commitment is particularly important for principals with fewer years of experience in their current school districts. The results of the present study suggest that superintendents should work to ensure that principals perceive a sense of encouragement, understanding, and decision-making support, especially principals with less experience in the school district.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH, PELAKSANAAN MBS, DAN PELAKSANAAN TU TERHADAP KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN SD/MI DEPOK SLEMAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah, pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah, pelaksanaan tugas tata usaha sekolah secara bersama-sama maupun parsial terhadap kualitas pendidikan SD/MI di Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh SD/MI baik negeri maupun swasta di Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Sleman. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan angket kuesioner para guru dan petugas tata usaha sekolah pada SD/MI di kecamatan Depok. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi 16. Dari hasil analisis regresi berganda ditemukan pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah, manajemen berbasis sekolah dan pelaksanaan tugas tata usaha sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap kualitas pendidikan dengan persamaan (Ŷ=0,174X1+0,334X2+0,477X3) dan besarnya pengaruh 56,8%; F(3,39)=19,382; p<0,05. Selanjutnya ditinjau dari koefisien beta ditemukan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan dari kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah terhadap kualitas pendidikan dengan persamaan Ŷ=0,174X1;p>0,05, pengaruh penerapan manajemen berbasis sekolah terhadap kualitas pendidikan tidak signifikan dengan persamaan Ŷ=0,334X2;p>0,05, sedangkan pelaksanaan tugas tata usaha berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan persamaan Ŷ=0,477X3;p<0,05 terhadap kualitas pendidikan SD/MI di kecamatan Depok kabupaten Sleman. Kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah dan penerapan manajemen berbasis sekolah tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan kemungkinan disebabkan beberapa responden outlier, data pokok atau tanggapan dari peserta penelitian yang tampaknya berada di luar jangkauan sebagian besar data. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah, manajemen berbasis sekolah, tugas tata usaha, kualitas pendidikan

How important are school principals in the production of student achievement?

AbstractAs school leaders, principals can influence student achievement in a number of ways, such as hiring and firing of teachers, monitoring instruction and maintaining student discipline, among many others. We measure the effect of individual principals on gains in math and reading achievement between grades 4 and 7 using a value‐added framework. We estimate that a one standard deviation improvement in principal quality can boost student performance by 0.289 to 0.408 standard deviations in reading and math, while the principal at the 75th percentile improves scores by 0.170 to 0.193 relative to the median principal. Our results imply that isolating the most effective principals and allocating them accordingly between schools can have a significant positive effect on reducing achievement gaps.

Teachers’ Organizational Commitment: Examining the Mediating Effects of Distributed Leadership

This study examines the relation between principals’ leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment, mediated by distributed leadership. Data were collected from 1,495 teachers in 46 secondary schools. Structural equation modeling indicated that the effect of principals’ leadership on teachers’ organizational commitment is mediated by the leadership of assistant principals and teacher leaders, cooperation within the leadership team, and participative decision making of teachers. Therefore, principals should stimulate assistant principals and teacher leaders to take part in leading the school, lead the school in a collegial way with other members of the leadership team, and empower teachers to participate in school decision making.

How School Principals Influence Student Learning

Many studies examine the importance of teachers in students’ learning, but few exist on the contribution of principals. We measure the effect of principals on gains in primary test scores in North Carolina and estimate the standard deviation of principals’ value added to be 0.12–0.17. We find that the match between principals and schools accounts for a significant amount of principals’ value added and also find that replacing the current principal has little effect on non-test-score school inputs and outcomes regardless of the new principal’s value added, but that brand new principals have a detrimental effect.

A Bridge Too Far? Challenges in Evaluating Principal Effectiveness

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the assumptions underlying efforts to evaluate principal effectiveness in terms of student test scores, to review extant research on efforts to estimate principal effectiveness, and to discuss the appropriateness of including estimates of principal effectiveness in evaluations of principals. Method: We review 10 different strategies for estimating principal effectiveness based on student test scores, representing all of the strategies currently employed by states and districts. We base our reviews on the literature in three areas: use of test scores, evaluation, and statistical approaches to estimating the effects of individuals and schools on student test scores. Conclusions: We conclude there are currently no strategies to estimate principal effectiveness that accurately capture the independent effect of principals on student test scores; thus, these current strategies send inaccurate signals to both principals and those who make employment decisions about principals. Moreover, we also conclude a substantial proportion of principals could not be included in the most accurate strategies to assess principal effectiveness. Implications: This research has profound implications for states and districts implementing principal evaluation systems, particularly those making high-stakes decisions about principals based on statistical estimates of principal effectiveness. Indeed, such statistical estimates should be used not for making judgments or decisions about principals but rather as a screening tool to identify where states and districts should focus more in-depth and accurate strategies to evaluate principal effectiveness.

Pengaruh Sikap Guru Terhadap Pembuatan Keputusan ke atas Komitmen Guru di Sekolah: Galakan Pengetua Sebagai Perantara

Tujuan – Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh sikapguru terhadap komitmen guru dalam membuat keputusan di sekolah menengah berpencapaian tinggi di negeri Kedah serta mengkaji peranan galakan pengetua sebagai perantara. Metodologi – Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan untuk memperoleh data. Sampel kajian ini adalah 399 orang guru yang dipilih secara rawak dari Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) berpencapaian tinggi di seluruh negeri Kedah. Soal selidik kajian ini mengandungi 40 item serta mempunyai kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dengan nilai Cronbach Alpha 0.94. Data kajian ini telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Analisis Regresi Berganda. Dapatan – Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap galakan pengetua dalam membuat keputusan berada pada tahap tinggi manakala tahap komitmen guru dalam membuat keputusan adalah pada tahap sederhana. Analisis regresi menunjukkan faktor Sikap Guru mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Komitmen Guru iaitu Kesetiaan dan Kesediaan untuk Kekal di sekolah. Dapatan turut menunjukkan bahawa Galakan Pengetua menjadi perantara separa antara hubungan Sikap Guru dan Kesetiaan dan Kesediaan untuk Kekal dalam membuat keputusan. Signifikan – Hal ini dengan jelas menggambarkan bahawa guru-guru yang menunjukkan sikap yang positif semasa terlibat dalam proses membuat keputusan di sekolah berpencapaian tinggi akan terus kekal di sekolah tersebut. Dapatan juga menjelaskan bahawa Galakan daripada pengetua secara berterusan akan mempengaruhi sikap guru untuk turut terlibat dalam membuat keputusan dan seterusnya meningkatkan komitmen guru.

Principals' sense of uncertainty and organizational learning mechanisms

PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of principals' sense of uncertainty on organizational learning mechanisms (OLMs) in schools.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 130 school principals (90 women and 40 men) from both Tel‐Aviv and Central districts in Israel. After computing the correlation between perceived uncertainty and OLMs, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of principals' sense of uncertainty and the demographic variables on the OLMs' components.FindingsThe results of this study reveal a negative relationship between principals' sense of uncertainty and the extensiveness of OLMs in schools. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that OLMs are predicted significantly and negatively by the complexity dimension of perceived uncertainty and predicted significantly and positively by seniority in teaching (length of service).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings call for ongoing research on the connection between environmental uncertainty, faculty learning processes, and student outcomes.Originality/valueContrary to the findings of various studies on business management, the paper shows that the complexity dimension of principals' perceived uncertainty, rather than the changeability dimension, predicted the extensiveness of organizational learning mechanisms in schools.

Leadership effects: school principals and student outcomes

Abstract We identify the effect of individual high school principals on graduation rates and English exam scores using an administrative data set of grade 12 students in BC Canada. Many principals were rotated across schools by districts, permitting isolation of the effect of principals from the effect of schools. We estimate the variance of the idiosyncratic effect of principals on student outcomes using a semi-parametric technique assuming the effect is time invariant. We also allow for the possibility that principals take time to realize their full effect at a school.