Effects Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Research Articles

EFFECT ON OBSTETRIC RESULTS OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Method: The:This study was conducted as a randomized controlled prospective at Ankara City Hospital obstetric clinic between 2020-2021.Total included a total of 200 pregnant women (18-45 years), of whom 101 had PCOS and 99 were healthy controls.Demographic characteristics of the groups were analyzed. The systolic blood pressure, diastoic blood pressure,insulin resistance , ovulation induction, insemination and newborn admission rates of the pregnant group were evaluated. Maternal age, fetal birth weight, gravidity, parity, BMI, gestational age, gestational age according to ultrasound, women height, weight, (BMI), weight gained during pregnancy, hemoglobin values were were compared between both groups. Results:In terms of the rates of ovulation induction, insemination, and admission to the neonatal unit for follow-up in pregnant women with PCOS were significant different found.Pregnant women with PCOS had higher rates of ovulation induction, insemination, and admission to the neonatal unit for follow-up.It was observed that cesarean section rates were higher in pregnant women with PCOS. Conclusion:It should be consıdered that pregnant pregnants wıth PCOS are more lıkely to have a cesarıan sectıon and theır newborn's are more lıkely to be admıtted to the newborn unıt for follow-up .This situation should be taken into consideration in the management of pregnant women.

The effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome on fibrocystic breast changes in postmenopausal women

Background Fibrocystic breast changes (FCCs) are benign lesions thought to be caused by an increased estrogen-to-progesterone ratio. One of the most common endocrinopathies that increases this ratio is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although nonproliferative FCCs do not increase the risk of breast cancer, they can make mammographic detection of malignancy in postmenopausal women more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PCOS on the development of postmenopausal FCCs. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify two cohorts of postmenopausal women (Z78.0) older than 45, without a prior diagnosis of FCCs (N60.1) or hormone replacement therapy (Z79.890). One cohort included a diagnosis of PCOS (E28.2). The cohorts were balanced for age, race, ethnicity, and hormonally relevant comorbidities. The cohorts were then evaluated for the development of FCCs after menopause. Results Postmenopausal patients with PCOS were 52% more likely to develop FCCs than those without PCOS (2.2% vs. 1.4%, relative risk 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.22, P = 0.03). Conclusion Postmenopausal women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing FCCs. Further studies are needed to improve the differentiation of benign FCCs from malignant lesions on imaging for postmenopausal women with PCOS who develop FCCs.

Evaluation of hematologic and coagulation system disorders in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance, and obesity, affects 8-26% of adolescent girls. The effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome on the hematologic and coagulation systems have received little attention. We aimed to investigate the hematologic and coagulation system disorders in PCOS. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 adolescents with PCOS and 41 healthy controls. Hemostatic and coagulation system parameters evaluated in both groups and were compared with metabolic parameters. Results: Adolescent’s with PCOS had a significantly higher insulin, HOMA-IR levels, and Hematocrit (Hct) levels than the control group, but no significant difference was found in D-dimer, fibrinogen, protein C, protein S, Antitrombine III levels. A positive correlation was found between insulin and HOMA-IR values and hemoglobin (Hgb), Hct, white blood cell (WBC) levels (r=0.32 p=0.003; r=0.33 p=0.002; r=0.36 p=0.001, respectively); also a positive correlation was found between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and WBC values (r=0.26 p=0.01). A positive correlation was found between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Protein C and Protein S (r=0.41 p=0.008; r=0.31 p=0.04); total testosterone and fibrinogen levels (r=0, 32 p=0.04); Dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEAS) and protein S levels (r=0.31 p=0.04). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the hematologic and coagulation parameters between PCOS and healthy controls. Hypercoagulated state in PCOS is associated with obesity, BMI, inflammation, and insulin resistance, not specific to the disease.

Meta Analysis: Effects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Maternal Diabetes on the Risk of Autism in Children

Background: Autism is a condition of developmental abnormalities in social, communication and behavior aspects. Polycystic ovary syndrome and maternal diabetes during pregnancy contribute more than 50% to the risk of ASD offspring. This study aims to analyze and estimate the influence of polycystic ovarian syndrome and maternal diabetes on autism in children. Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Q: Child, I: Mother with PCOS and maternal diabetes, C: T Mother without PCOS and maternal diabetes, O: Autism. Search for articles in this study through databases that include Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Sage Journal. With keywords including: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome” AND “Maternal Diabetes” OR “Gestational Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Autism” OR “Autism Spectrum Disorder” AND “Cohort”. A full paper article with an observational cohort study, the research subject was a child, the size of the relationship used was the adjusted odds ratio, the research outcome was autism. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3. Results: There were 13 articles with cohort designs originating from America, Denmark, England, Sweden, Israel, China with a total of 4,641,483 research samples. A meta-analysis of 13 cohort studies concluded that children of pregnant women with PCOS had a 1.36 times greater risk of developing autism than those without PCOS, and the effect was statistically significant (aOR= 1.36; 95% CI= 1.24 to 1.49; p<0.001). In addition, pregnant women with maternal diabetes have a 1.24 times higher risk of having a child with autism than those without maternal diabetes, and this effect is statistically significant (aOR= 1.24; 95% CI= 1.08 to 1.43; p=0.002). Conclusion: Pregnant women who have PCOS and maternal diabetes increase the risk of autism in children. Keywords: polycystic ovarian syndrome, maternal diabetes, autism.

Adverse Effects of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer: Propensity Score-Matched Study.

PurposeThis work aimed to evaluate the adverse effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on pregnancy outcomes of singletons after vitrification in women with frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).MethodsPatients with/without PCOS who underwent FET from January 2013 and December 2018 were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the influence of bias. Logistic regression was applied to identify the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes of singletons in women with PCOS.ResultAfter PSM, the PCOS group had shorter gestational age (P<0.001) and lower newborn birth weight than the non-PCOS group (P=0.045). Compared with the non-PCOS group, the PCOS group had an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (P<0.001), placenta and membrane abnormality (P<0.001), stillbirth (P<0.001), neonatal complication (P=0.014), and miscarriage rate (P<0.001). Neonatal complication was associated with parity (adjusted OR=1.202, 95% CI=1.002–1.443, P=0.048) and basal P level (adjusted OR=1.211, 95% CI=1.021–1.436, P=0.028). According to multivariable logistic regression analysis, the miscarriage rate was related to parity (adjusted OR=1.201, 95% CI=1.057–1.166, P=0.005) and basal E2 (adjusted OR=1.002, 95% CI=1.000–1.004, P=0.019) and P levels on the day of embryo transfer (adjusted OR=0.971, 95% CI=0.957–0.985, P<0.001).ConclusionsCompared with non-PCOS women, women with PCOS have a higher risk of GDM and PIH, and neonatal complications and therefore require additional care during pregnancy and parturition.

A mediation analysis for a nonrare dichotomous outcome with sequentially ordered multiple mediators.

Mediation analyses can help us to understand the biological mechanism in which an exposure or treatment affects an outcome. Single mediator analyses have been used in various applications, but may not be appropriate for analyzing intricate mechanisms involving multiple mediators that affect each other. Thus, in this article, we studied multiple sequentially ordered mediators for a dichotomous outcome and presented the identifiability assumptions for the path-specific effects on the outcome, that is, the effect of an exposure on the outcome mediated by a specific set of mediators. We proposed a closed-form estimator for the path-specific effects by modeling the dichotomous outcome using a probit model. Asymptotic variance of the proposed estimator is derived and can be approximated via delta method or bootstrapping. Simulations under a finite sample showed the validity of our method in capturing the path-specific effects when the probability of each potential counterfactual outcome is not small and demonstrated the utility of a computationally efficient alternative to bootstrapping for calculating variance. The method is applied to investigate the effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome on live birth rates mediated by estradiol levels and the number of oocytes retrieved in a large electronic in vitro fertilization database. We implemented the method into an R package SOMM, which is available at https://github.com/roqe/SOMM.

Does bone mineral density change in polycystic ovarian syndrome?

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most frequent endocrine disorder in reproductive age and PCOS has effects on bone metabolism. There is conflicting data on the effect of PCOS on bone metabolism. The aim of this study to evaluate whether bone mineral density (BMD) changes in PCOS or not. Twenty-seven patients with PCOS for the study group and 27 patients for the control group were included in this retrospective study. BMD measurements with abdomen CTs were taken for each lumbar vertebra (from vertebra L1 to vertebra L5) and sacral 1st vertebra. BMD measurements were recorded as HU. The lumbar 5th vertebra’s BMD was 238.70±47.80 HU in the PCOS group and 264.91±36.62 in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.033). BMD values of all vertebras were lower in the PCOS group than the control group, but statistically, significance was seen in only the lumbar 5th vertebra. BMD values were found to be lower in PCOS than the control group for all vertebras in this study. Even though there is no scanning method recommend to women in PCOS for BMD according to the current guidelines and literature, we think these patients should be evaluated more carefully in advanced ages in the light of the results of our study.

Effect of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Obesity on Women Fertility in Erbil Governorate

Effect of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Obesity on Women Fertility in Erbil Governorate

What is the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents with Normal BMI who have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MBS) in adolescent girls with normal BMI. Materials and MethodsOur study group consisted of 63 pubertal girls with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 who were referred to our center with signs of hirsutism or oligomenorrhea. The diagnosis of PCOS was based on the recent ESHRE/ASRM proposal and required that all 3 of the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosing PCOS in adolescents be met. The control group consisted of 159 pubertal girls matched for age and BMI. Glucose, insulin, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone and all lipid parameters measured. For to diagnose the cases with MBS, modified Cook criteria were used and cases who had at least 3 of 5 criteria's were diagnosed as MBS. ResultsGirls with PCOS had higher blood pressure parameters (systolic/diastolic) (P < .01), fasting insulin (P = .007), low-density lipoprotein (P = .017), triglyceride (P = .045), total (P < .001) and free testosterone (P = .001) levels compared to control group. There were more cases who had at least 1 Cook criterion in girls with PCOS compared to the control group but the difference was not significant. However, there were more cases who had MBS in girls with PCOS compared to the control group (P = .02). ConclusionMBS prevalence is higher in normal BMI adolescent girls with PCOS compared to age and BMI matched control group. So as clinicians, we must search for the MBS criteria's in girls with PCOS even if they have a normal BMI.

The Effect of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on the Physical Status of Women in Reproductive Age

Objectives: To Assess the Effect of Physical Status of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome on Women in Reproductive Age,To Find out the Relationship Between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Women's Physical Health (Acne , Hirsutism ,Weight Gain , Irregular Menstrual Period),&amp;To Identify the Association of Physical Status to polycystic ovariansyndrome and Some Socio Demographic Characteristic (Age ,Occupation &amp; Obesity ), and ReproductiveCharacteristic(Gravida ,Para ,Abortion &amp;Menstrual Regularity).Methodology :a descriptive analytical study was conduct on Non-probability (purposive sample) of (100)women whosuffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome in reproductive age in infertility counseling from three hospitals atBaghdad city which include al- yarmouk teaching hospital ,Baghdad teaching hospital , and Kamal Al-SamaraeeHospital/ fertility and IVF at al-karck and al- Russafa sectors . Study implemented for the period of 2nd January 2013to 30April 2013. A questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection to fulfill with objective of the study andconsisted of two parts, including part I 1-socio-demographic characteristic 2- a reproductive information, 3-menstrualcycle information&amp; 4-Previous medical history. And part II includes questions about hormonal and physical status ofpolycystic ovarian syndrome symptoms to women samples. A pilot study was carried out to test the reliability of thequestionnaire and content, and validity was carried out through the 21 experts. Descriptive and inferential statisticalanalyses were used to analyze the data.Results: the results revealed that (83%) of the women in the study group were between the ages of (20-34) years89%) were housewives, (77%) were primary school graduates and (66%) were suffering from low socio-economicstatus, (99%) were suffering from infertility, (88%) suffer from irregular menstrual cycle, (87%) The duration of themenstrual cycle has a (2-7) days, and (51%) suffer from severe pain during menstruation ,(30%) suffer from polycysticovary syndrome in addition to the genetic percentage sisters infected during the study identified it (22%).Recommendations: The study recommended the development of programs and awareness sessions for diseasepolycystic ovarian syndrome for women living with for the purpose of learn how to deal with the disease, as well ashow to prevent complications, the development of courses for nurses, especially present in the centers of infertilityawareness and deliver new information about what's new research and methods of treatment and how to deal withpatient

Effect of PCOS on glucose metabolism

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine problems in women of reproductive age, which is multifactorial in etiology. It is associated with menstrual dysfunction and subfertility. The menstrual dysfunction that occurs with PCOS arises from anovulation or oligo-ovulation. It causes amenorrhea to oligomenorrhea. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are commonly associated with PCOS. So our study includes estimating FBS and PPBS (2 hour after OGTT) in PCOS patients to know about glucose metabolism in PCOS. Aims & Objective: To know the effect of PCOS on glucose metabolism in younger age group. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in 50 PCOS patients (15 to 25 years age) and 50 normal menstruating women, matched for age and anthropometric data. Statistical analysis was done by using student ‘t’ test. Results: FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) and PPBS (Postprandial Blood Sugar) after 2 hour OGTT were significantly raised in PCOS patients compared to normal menstruating women. Conclusion: PCOS patients are more prone for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. So they should screen for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to prevent complications.

Impact of adrenal versus ovarian androgen ratio on signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adrenal versus ovarian androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/total testosterone [DHEAS/TT]) on clinical presentation and related metabolic disturbances in Turkish women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Two hundred eighty PCOS cases were taken into the study. For all cases, the DHEAS/TT ratio was calculated. The median value of this ratio was 4.40. Patients with an androgen ratio lower than 4.40 were included in Group 1 and cases with a ratio higher than 4.40 were Group 2. The two groups were compared in terms of hormonal, biochemical and clinical parameters. Body mass index and waist circumference were lower, the Ferriman–Gallwey score was higher and the cycle length was shorter in Group 2. High DHEAS level was associated with better lipid profiles and lower levels of inflammatory markers, meaning good metabolic control in these women, in spite of increased hirsutism rates. In patients with PCOS, both androgens are usually high in proportion to each other. Therefore, it would be more meaningful to use the DHEAS/TT ratio for an assessment of the metabolic and phenotypic effects of PCOS.

Effects of polycystic ovarian syndrome on in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer outcomes are influenced by body mass index

To determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) adversely impacts IVF-embryo transfer outcomes in obese compared to lean patients. Retrospective chart review. University-affiliated infertility program. Lean non-PCOS (n = 52), lean PCOS (n = 6), obese non-PCOS (n = 18), and obese PCOS (n = 10). Ninety-four fresh nondonor IVF-embryo transfer cycles analyzed. Cycle characteristics, clinical pregnancy (PR) and live birth rates. Lean PCOS had more dominant follicles (12.2 +/- 6.0 vs. 7.7 +/- 3.6), retrieved oocytes (22.2 +/- 9.2 vs. 12.6 +/- 5.8), and frozen embryos (5 +/- 4.6 vs. 1.4 +/- 2.6) than lean non-PCOS. Lean PCOS also used fewer gonadotropin ampules (18.8 +/- 6.0 vs. 29.2 +/- 14.2), but had more retrieved oocytes (22.2 +/- 9.2 vs.14.3 +/- 4.9) than obese PCOS. Obese non-PCOS had better-grade embryos (2.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.8) and fewer embryos transferred (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.6) than obese PCOS, but more embryos frozen than lean non-PCOS (3.2 +/- 3.2 vs. 1.4 +/- 2.6). Implantation rates trended downward in obese patients with PCOS, but no other differences were observed. Patients with PCOS with a body mass index (BMI) in the lean rather than the obese range have more favorable assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle characteristics but show no clinical outcome differences.