Effect Of Plant Growth Regulators Research Articles

Effect of Foliar-applied Plant Growth Regulators on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Regulate Growth and Yield Attributes

This investigation was conducted to obtain the effect of plant growth regulator on growth, yield and quality. The experiment utilized a randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments, including a control. The four different plant growth regulators (PGRs) used were Benzyl adenine (BA, 10 and 20 ppm), Brassinosteroid (BR, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm), Jasmonic acid (JA, 50 and 100 ppm) and Salicylic acid (SA, 50 and 100 ppm), applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023-24 at the Vegetable Research Centre, Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The investigation revealed that BR at 0.5 ppm resulted in the maximum plant height (103.67 cm). The highest number of primary (15.53) and secondary (26.50) branches at harvest was achieved with JA at 50 ppm. Phenological observations indicated that JA at 50 ppm led to the earliest 50% flowering at 36.67 days. For yield attributes, the highest number of umbels per plant (42.13) and umbellets per umbel (6.31) were found with JA at 50 ppm. BA at 20 ppm showed the maximum number of seeds per umbel (36.40), test weight (10.84 g), harvest index (9.92), and seed yield (13.65 q ha-1). Economically, BA at 20 ppm provided the highest net return (Rs. 170735.81), gross return (Rs. 232117.39), and benefit-cost ratio (2.78). Therefore, it can be concluded that foliar sprays of BR, JA, and BA are effective on improving phenological traits, yield attributes, and economic returns in coriander cultivation.

Effect of plant growth regulators in inducing Vitisvinifera Callus and increased production of flavonoids in vitro

This study was aimed to use of plant tissue culture technology to induce callus from grapevine Vitisvinifera and stimulate it to increase the production of flavonoids. The study was carried out in two stages after the sterilization process was carried out: The first included establishing callus farms by cultivating cuttings containing a single node after completing their sterilization and cultivating them on MS medium containing 2,4-D and BA at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3,4) mg L -1and BA in concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) in independent experiments. The second phase included studying the effect of growth regulators on the concentrations of carbohydrates and flavonoids in the callus induced from the first experiment. The results of the study showed the superiority of auxien 2,4-D at a concentration of 2mg L -1as it achieved the highest average fresh and dry weight of callus, reaching (3.32 and 1.03) mg respectively, while BA at a concentration of 0.2 mg L -1 achieved the highest average fresh and dry weight of callus was (1.91 and 0.51) mg respectively. The results also showed that the MS medium prepared with a concentration of 4 mg L -1of 2,4-D was significantly superior in the average concentration of the compounds Hesperdine, Nargnine, Proanthocyanin, and Rutin, reaching (64.94, 62.56, 55.63, and 71.22)% respectively.While the medium prepared with a concentration of 3 mg L -1outperformed 2,4-D achieved the highest concentration of Quercetin compounds reaching 75.36% compared to the neutral treatment, which achieved the lowest concentrations.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Morpho-physiological and Physico-chemical Characters of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch.)

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on the Morpho-physiological and Physico-chemical Characters of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch.)

Impact of PGRs, polyamines and potassium to improve pomegranate flowering behaviour, fruit set and fruit quality

Ever changing climate is affecting the flowering pattern in pomegranate worldwide. It is the need of the hour to find out some chemicals that can not only enhance hermaphrodite flowers and fruit set but also enhance fruit quality. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators (three), polyamines (two) and other chemicals (five) on photosynthesis, flowering ratio, fruit set and quality of pomegranate fruits. Pomegranate trees were treated at full leaf expansion stage. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5000 ppm), spermidine (1.5 ppm) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (20 ppm) were the best treatments to significantly enhance hermaphrodite flowers, as the hermaphrodite to male flower ratio was 0.39, 0.37, and 0.35, respectively, compared to 0.22 in the control treatment. Except spermidine, NAA and paclobutrazol, all treatments increased the fruit setting significantly, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5000 ppm) being the most effective treatment with 66% fruit set compared to 43% in control trees. In mature fruits, compared to control, NAA enhanced total phenols, ascorbic acid and total antioxidants (3%, 15%, 7%, respectively) followed by ascorbic acid treatment (250 ppm); potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5000 ppm) and putrescine (44 ppm) enhanced the anthocyanin content and hence aril color significantly (11% and 10% respectively). Though the use of NAA in pomegranate production is commercial practice, two sprays of ascorbic acid can also be included to enhance the nutritional quality of fruits. Foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice at flowering stage could be highly useful for quality pomegranate production due to the enhanced number of hermaphrodite flowers, fruit setting and fruit color. Overall, use of these chemicals can be beneficial to pomegranate farmers to get more remuneration from harvest.

Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum)

Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum)

Plant Growth Regulator-based Tissue Culture System Optimization for Cymbidium faberi Rolfe

Cymbidium faberi, a member of the Cymbidium genus known for its fragrant blooms and graceful foliage, has recently become endangered in the wild due to reproductive challenges. This study aimed to establish systematically a tissue culture system for Cymbidium faberi Rolfe (wild species) by evaluating the effects of various plant growth regulators its propagation stages, including rhizome proliferation, differentiation, shoot strengthening, and rooting. The results showed that 0.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron significantly promoted rhizome proliferation, achieving a proliferation coefficient of 6.08 after 60 days of culture. For adventitious bud induction, 1.92 mg·L−1 brassinolide was most effective, inducing 6.43 buds per rhizome with an average bud height of 5.25 mm after 90 days of culture. The optimal strategy for shoot growth was using 3.0 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, resulting in an average shoot height of 6.47 cm after 60 days. The highest rooting rate of 87.5% was achieved with 0.5 mg·L−1 zeatin, producing an average of 3.5 roots per shoot with an average root length of 3.06 cm. This study successfully developed a propagation system for C. faberi and highlighted the significant role of BL in promoting rhizome differentiation. In conclusion, this study provides a robust propagation method to support the conservation and industrial development of C. faberi.

Effect of plant growth regulators on morphology and physiology of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Effect of plant growth regulators on morphology and physiology of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Bidhan Chilli-4

Present experiment entitled “Effect of plant growth regulators on yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Bidhan Chilli-4" was conducted at experimental farm of Horticulture and Post-harvest Technology, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Palli Shikhsha Bhavana Visva Bharati West Bengal during rabi season of 2020. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments. The concentrations of treatments were T1 =NAA 25 ppm, T2 = NAA 50 ppm, T3 = NAA 75 ppm, T4 = GA3 5 ppm, T5 = GA3 15 ppm, T6 = GA3 30 ppm, T7 = CCC 200 ppm), T8= CCC 400 ppm, T9 = CCC 600 ppm and T10 Control. The result of the study revealed that maximum plant height (30.96, 44.40, 54.06 and 67.01cm at 30,60, 90 and 120 DAT respectively), number of branches per plant (8.96, 13.43, 18.00 and 23.53 at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT respectively), plant spread (19.50, 30.96, 40. 10 and 54.73 cm at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAT respectively), flowers per plant ( 400.20), fruits per plant (144.33), fruit length ( 9.63 cm), breadth of fruit (1.93 cm ), yield per plant ( 399.43 g), yield per plot ( 98.74 kg/ plot) , yield per hectare (134.53 q/ha), ascorbic Acid (190.76mg/100g), capsaicin ( 0.38 %) capsanthin content (296.109 ASTA Unit), Oleoresin content (11.57%) and minimum days required to 50% flowering (41.68 DAT), were recorded in treatment T3- NAA (75 ppm). Therefore, it is recommended to employ the NAA 75 ppm to chilli growing farmers to enhance growth and maximize yield.

In-vitro Regeneration of An Endangered Medicinal Plant Anodendron paniculatum (Apocynaceae)

Objectives: The present study aims to establish a standardized and efficient regeneration protocol for Anodendron paniculatum A. DC. (Apocynaceae) by optimizing the effect of various plant growth regulators as it is categorized globally as an endangered medicinal plant. Methods: MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose (w/v) and different concentrations of cytokinins 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), kinetin, thidiazuron either alone or in combination with auxins, indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and GA3. For the in vitro root induction, individual and healthy shoots (3-4 cm in length) were excised in the 7th week and were cultured onto basal and half-strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxins and incubated in the culture room. Findings: MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron (2.5 𝜇M) in combination with indole 3-acetic acid (2.5 𝜇M) and GA3 (1.25 𝜇M) was most effective, providing multiple shoot regeneration for 79.33% of cotyledonary leaf explants associated with a high number of shoots per explant (20.00 ± 1.15) and length of shoot (2.66 ± 0.08 cm). Whereas, the frequency of response, mean number of shoots, and respective lengths were varied with different concentrations of 6-benzylamino purine when used in combination with IAA or NAA and BAP (5.0 𝜇M) along with IAA (2.5 𝜇M) at the frequency of 47.66%. Whereas, the addition of GA3 (1.25 𝜇M) in combination with BAP (5.0 𝜇M) and IAA (2.5 𝜇M) has shown a maximum number of multiple shoot formation/explant (12.33) with length of shoot (1.53 ± 0.08 cm). MS medium supplemented with 10 𝜇M 6-benzyl amino purine and 2.5 𝜇M naphthalene acetic acid recorded the highest response (53.66%) with more number of the shoot (9.66) and length of the shoot (1.83 ± 0.03 cm) per explant. The maximum percentage of response (84.33%) was recorded at 1 2 strength MS medium with 5.0 𝜇M NAA, whereas the highest number of roots per shoot (6.66 ± 0.33) was induced at MS + 5.0 𝜇M NAA. The highest length of roots (3.66 cm) was recorded at basal MS medium fortified with 5.0 𝜇M NAA and 7.5 𝜇M NAA. Novelty: The standardized protocol method is of first of its kind, a quick and suitable approach for the high quantity production of Anodendron paniculatum with appropriate concentrations of plant growth regulators that meet thecommercial demand of endangered medicinal plants. Keywords: Anodendron paniculatum; Endangered plant; Plant growth regulators; Regeneration; Protocol standardization

Effect of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo L.)

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth, yield attributes and grain yield of black gram. The results revealed that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm recorded significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (47.87 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (34.22), number of primary branches plant-1 (7.06) and number of secondary branches plant-1 (19.63), as well as yield and yield attributes including number of pods plant-1 (34.39), pod length (6.82 cm), number of grains pod-1 (6.61), test weight (38.67g), grain yield (1234.19 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3640 kg ha-1). The net returns and benefitcost ratio (Rs. 75667.66 and 2.17, respectively) were also recorded substantially higher with the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm over the rest of the treatments. Based on the present findings it was concluded that the application of RDF + DAP 2% + NAA 60 ppm in black gram crop is profitable.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Productivity and Seed Quality of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merill]

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Productivity and Seed Quality of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merill]

In vitro production of Phalaenopsis orchids

Phalaenopsis – known as moth orchids – are the most popular orchids cultivated indoors as decorative house plants. This makes propagation and cultivation of Phalaenopsis important for commercial growers. Enhancements to the micropropagation of Phalaenopsis would have pronounced economic benefits through reduced losses and wastage. We examined the effects of several nutrient media and specific plant growth regulators (PGRs) belonging to the gibberellic acid and cytokinin groups on the in vitro germination of Phalaenopsis seeds, utilizing a single-group pretest-posttest model. The effects of several nutrient media such as: Knudson C (KCM), Lindemann (LM), Orchimax (-OM), Orchimax + activated charcoal (+OM), Murashige & Skoog (MS), as well as various PGRs such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (6BA), 6-Furfurylaminopurine (KIN), Adenin hemisulfate (AHS), Thidiazuron (TDZ), 2-Isopentenyl adenine (2iP), and Gibberellic acid (GA3), on the process of germination were also investigated. The explants obtained from the germinating seedlings were subjected to direct organogenesis, and the optimal PGR and tissue fragments were determined. The +OM medium facilitated the shortest germination period (in days). An inverse relationship between the concentration of TDZ and the percentage of germination in the context of the employed PGRs was observed. Apart from TDZ, the remaining PGRs exhibited a positive correlation with concentration. However, no significant difference in germination was observed in comparison to the control. The findings of direct organogenesis investigations revealed that the medium that exhibited the highest productivity was enriched with 5.0 ppm of 6BA. The media containing TDZ exhibited a reduced level of efficiency. Particularly, the group treated with 1.0 ppm of TDZ exhibited reduced efficacy compared to the control group. All concentrations of cytokinin in root elongation stage exhibited a favorable impact in comparison to the control. The variance between these PGRs was not statistically significant.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Growing Media on Rooting of Cuttings in Punica granatum L. cv. Bhagwa

Background: When pomegranates are multiplied through seeds, germination leads to vigorous tree growth. However, the tree will not be exactly similar to its parent and the resultant fruit produced will be irregular in colour, size, juiciness and sweetness. Methods: Soft-wood cuttings of Pomegranate cv. Bhagwa were planted in different growing media that were entitled G1- Soil + FYM, G2- Soil + Vermiculite, G3- Soil + Sand + FYM and G4- Soil + FYM + Vermiculite. These cuttings were treated with different combinations of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Ascorbic acid (ASC) and Boric acid. Studies were carried out in a two-factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 28 treatment permutations. Result: Current research indicated that treatment T18 (NAA 500 ppm + H2O2 30 ppm + IBA 500 ppm, Soil + Vermiculite (1:1) worked out to be the best treatment as it exhibited superiority over other treatments. The results of this experiment can practically be implemented to propagate quality planting material by adopting these best results/treatments.

Study on Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) and Training System on Growth and Yield of Cucumber

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season, in 2023 in the Horticulture research field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P, India. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twenty treatments and replicated thrice with four cucumber varieties (TMCU-1107, TMCU-1125, TMCU-3112, SAIRA-934). The observations are vine length, days to first appearance of male flower in 50% plants, days to first appearance of female flower in 50% plants, days to first harvest, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, average yield per plant, and yield per hectare. The results showed that viz., vine length (155.53 cm), days to first appearance of male flower in 50% plants (32.73), days to first appearance of female flower in 50% plants (39.20), days to first harvest (52.07), average fruit weight (245.93 g), fruit length (15.67 cm), fruit diameter (4.41 cm), number of fruits per plant (12.73), average yield per plant (3.13 kg/plant), yield per hectare (34.77 t/ha), were recorded significantly highest by the application of GA3 – 30 ppm + NAA – 75 ppm + Single head system (Treatment 3) as compared to rest of the treatments.

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Establishment of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) c.v. Taiwan-7

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P)-211007, India during year 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Design (RBD). There were Ten treatments including control replicated three times in which growing media such as pond soil, vermicompost, and Plant growth regulators mixed in various percentages. The different levels of plant growth regulators Such as GA3, NAA and BA with different compositions in different combinations showed positive responses on the physical quality attributes of the papaya plant. The maximum values of physical quality characteristics of papaya plant like Survival percentage (90.68) number of germination days (10.01), germination percentage (90.01), number of leaves (10.46), plant height (12.76 cm), leaf area (38.4 cm2) and chlorophyll content (52.84), Number of primary roots (10.46), number of secondary roots(27.68) and stem diameter (3.85 cm) were recorded in T3 (GA3 with 150 ppm) and followed by the treatment T6 (NAA with 150 ppm) while, minimum values of these characters maximum value of physical parameter was recorded in control treatment (T0). From the present investigation it is concluded that treatment (T3) Performed best in terms of growth parameters followed by (T6) and (T9). The maximum B:C ratio (2.02) was also observed in the same treatment i.e. (T3).

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Lights on Micropropagation Protocol for Quisqualis indica L.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Lights on Micropropagation Protocol for Quisqualis indica L.

Efficacy of Plant Growth Regulators on Quality and Yield of Cucumber cv. Malini under Shade Net Conditions

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on quality and yield of cucumber cv. Malini under shade net conditions. The experiment was carried out with 10 treatments GA3 at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm, Ethrel at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm, Salicylic acid at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm and control (water spray) in 3 replications. The quality parameters like total soluble solids, texture of the fruit, Physiological loss in weight (PLW%) after harvesting and total yield harvested (q/ha) etc. were significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. Among all treatments GA3 at 250 ppm recorded with maximum fruit yield (165.17 t/ ha), Whereas for quality parameters treatment GA3 at 150 ppm found superior for total soluble solids (5.88̊ Brix) and minimum physiological loss in weight after harvesting (1 DAH, 5 DAH and 10 DAH) was recorded in GA3 at 250 ppm. And the fruits with ethrel treatment were found with smooth texture and the remaining were with rough texture.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Sugarcane Productivity and Quality of the Art Through the Increase in Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Activity

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Sugarcane Productivity and Quality of the Art Through the Increase in Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Activity

Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Crop Geometry on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

A field trial was conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) on the Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was executed in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and replicated three times. Application of brassinolide 0.25% and plant density 35 cm x 10 cm (T2) recorded highest plant height (78.70 cm), dry weight (33.25 g/plant), number of nodules/plant (28.93), number of pods/plant (42.00), number of seeds/pod (14.00), test weight (31.89 g), seed yield (1273.70 kg/ha), stover yield (3401.50 kg/ha) and harvest index (27.24 %). however, maximum crop growth rate (8.87 g/m2/day) was recorded in GA3 0.50% + 25 cm x 15 cm (T7). Maximum gross returns (INR 89,159.00/ha), net returns (INR 56,539.00/ha), and B:C ratio (1.73) were also obtained highest in the same treatment (T2) in Green Gram crop. Therefore, application of brassinolides 0.25% and plant spacing 35 cm x 10 cm (T2) result in significant improvement in the crop production and also proven economically viable in green gram.

Effect of Media and Plant Growth Regulator on Proliferation of Somatic Embryogenic Callus of Oil Palm (Elaeis gueenesis Jacq.)

Effect of Media and Plant Growth Regulator on Proliferation of Somatic Embryogenic Callus of Oil Palm (Elaeis gueenesis Jacq.)