Effect Of Multiple Metals Research Articles

Physical activity modified association of urinary metals mixture and fasting blood glucose in children: From two panel studies

There is unclear evidence available on the associations between multiple metals and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in children, and whether they could be beneficial from physical activity. We included 283 children aged 4–12 years from two panel studies with 4–consecutive morning urinary 13 essential metals and 10 non-essential metals repeated across 3 seasons. We employed multiple informant model, linear mixed-effect model, and quantile g–computation to evaluate associations of single metal and their mixture with FBG and interactions with extra-school activity. The results showed that positive relations of multiple essential metals (aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum (Mo), nickel, selenium (Se), strontium, zinc) and non-essential metals (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), rubidium, titanium (Ti), thallium) with FBG were the strongest at lag 0 (the health examination day), especially in overweight & obesity children (FDR <0.05). The strongest effect presented 1-fold increment in As was related to FBG increased 1.66% (95%CI: 0.84%, 2.48%) in overweight & obesity children. Notably, modification of extra-school activity showed significant, and the effects of multiple metals on FBG were attenuated in children taking total extra-school activity ≥1 h/day, and only one type of which, low or moderate & high intensity extra-school activity reached 20 min/day (Pint <0.05). For instance, each 1-fold increased As was associated with 1.41% increased FBG in overall children taking total extra-school activity <1 h/day, while that of 0.13% in those ≥1 h/day. Meanwhile, mixture of all, essential and non-essential metals were associated with increased FBG, a trend that decreased and became nonsignificant in children having certain extra-school activity, which were dominated by Mo, Se, Ti, Cd. And such relations were substantially beneficial from extra-school activity in overweight & obesity children. Accordingly, multiple essential and non-essential metals, both individual and in mixture, were positively related to FBG in children, which might be attenuated by regular physical activity.

Association between urinary multiple metals and platelet-related parameters: A cross-sectional study in a metal-contaminated area of China.

Previous works have shown that hematological system can be affected by exposure to lead; however, the effects of multiple metals on platelets remain elusive within the population from metal-contaminated areas. Hence, the study enrolled 609 participants, with 396 from a metal-exposed area and 213 from a control area. Platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), thrombocytocrit (PCT), platelet to large cell ratio (P-LCR), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were selected to evaluate platelet function. Stepwise regression and Lasso regression were utilized to identify the most influential metals. Moreover, the generalized linear model (GLM), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, and quantile g-computation were employed to estimate the individual or combined effects associations between 12 urinary metals and platelet indices. The results revealed all metals except vanadium, copper, strontium, and molybdenum were significantly higher in the exposed group. The GLM models indicated that urinary metals, including lead, antimony, and arsenic, exhibited associations with PLT, MPV, P-LCR, and PDW. Quantile g-computation and BKMR demonstrated negative correlations between metal mixtures and MPV as well as PDW. In conclusion, the study highlights the associations between multiple metal exposures and platelet indices, suggesting that elevated levels of the metal mixture may impede platelet activation in the population in metal-contaminated areas.

Association between multiple urinary metals and uric acid levels in overweight and obese individuals

Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that circulating metals from the natural environment are linked with serum uric acid (SUA) levels. However, most studies were constrained to a single metal or a single assessment model. The effects of multiple metals were rarely analyzed, especially in obese individuals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1,221 overweight or obese participants (531 males, 690 females, mean age 43.0 ± 9.8 years). SUA levels were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. We used linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to fit multivariate models to estimate the association between 23 urinary metals and SUA levels. Results: In linear regression, after adjusting for potential confounders and other metals, two metals (uranium, zinc) showed positive associations with SUA levels in the multiple-metal model, while three metals (cadmium, cobalt, and titanium) showed negative for total participants, and cobalt, uranium, zinc for males, cadmium, cobalt, zinc for females. In WQS regression, the WQS index was significantly associated with SUA levels for both males and females (all p-values &lt;0.001). Copper and zinc were the most heavily positive weighing metals, while cobalt, titanium, and cadmium were the most heavily negative in all the groups. In BKMR analysis, zinc showed positive linear trends with SUA levels in all the groups. By contrast, titanium, cobalt, and cadmium showed modest negative trends in total, males, and females, separately. However, there was no significant overall-effect of these metals on SUA levels. Conclusion: When comparing the results of the above three models, urinary zinc and cadmium were considered as the most important factors that were positively and negatively associated with SUA levels, respectively. We suggest that various statistical methods should be applied to evaluate the joint effects of multiple-metal or multiple-pollutants exposures comprehensively, considering their advantages and disadvantages.

The effects of multiple metals (K, Cu, Al) substitution on LiNi0.66Co0.20Mn0.14O2 for lithium-ion batteries

The high-nickel ternary cathode material LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 has high theoretical capacity and can be filled the power density requirement of a foot-powered car. It is placed on high expectations. However, Li/Ni mixing occurred during charging and discharging, resulting in poor cycle performance of the material. The related literatures have found that the K, Cu, and Al doping can improve the cycle performance of high-nickel materials. In this paper, we designed the orthogonal experiment and synthesized [Li(1-y)Ky](Ni0.66Co0.20Mn0.14)(1-x-z)[CuxAlz]O2 (x,y,z) = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) cathode materials by the co-precipitation method. The initial charge–discharge specific capacity of [Li0.99K0.01](Ni0.66Co0.20Mn0.14)0.94[Cu0.03Al0.03]O2 can reach 214.7 mAh/g and 210.8 mAh/g, coulomb efficiency is 98.18%. After 30 cycles at 1C, capacity retention is 87%. According to the orthogonal test, results are as follows: about initial discharge specific capacity of the material, K presents the greatest effect, followed by Al, with minimal effect on Cu. However, Al has the greatest influence on the capacity retention rate of the material at high rate, followed by K element and Cu element. This will provide guidance for the future study of the modification of doping metal elements in high-nickel ternary lithium ion cathode materials.

Research on the Recycling of Valuable Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Eddy Current Separation

On the basis of introducing the latest research status of processing methods of waste printed circuit boards, the physical mechanism of eddy current separation was explained, and the component configuration of eddy current separator was described. A series of single-factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out to prove the separation effect of multiple metals with eddy current separator. The result indicates that the separation efficiency of above 92.0% and concentrate grade of above 95.0% can be obtained in the recycling of aluminum and brass with the delivery rate of 20~40%, rotate speed of rotor of 5~15Hz and belt speed of 7~9Hz.