Effect Of Mg Addition Research Articles

Effect of Mg content on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of hypoeutectic extruded Zn-Mg alloys

The effect of Mg addition on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of two hypoeutectic Zn-Mg alloys with 0.68 and 1.89 wt% Mg content was studied and compared to pure Zn after extrusion. The SEM/EDX, EBSD, and XRD investigations were carried out to study the effect of alloying on (1) phases’ composition, morphology, and size and (2) crystallography of the grains and the dominating slip systems. Through the mentioned investigations, hypothesized strengthening mechanisms could be estimated to identify the contribution of solid solution, grain boundary, secondary phase, dislocation, and texture rations of strengthening to improve the overall calculated yield strength. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the yield tensile strength (YTS0.2 %), and the elongation to failure (Ef) of the pure and alloyed Zn and to compare the yield tensile strength with the computed ones. The combined impacts of the bimodal grains, the solubility of Mg, favorable morphology and distribution of secondary phase, and weakened bimodal basal texture with simultaneous twin-non basal slip mode deformation mechanisms resulted in an extraordinary strength-ductility synergy of the as extruded Zn-0.68Mg alloy (∼326 MPa and ∼16 %). The current research provides a new pathway for designing high-performance Zn-based alloys as an alternative load-bearing material for orthopedic implant applications.

Effect of Mg Addition on Molten Chloride Salt Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel with Aluminum

Effect of Mg Addition on Molten Chloride Salt Corrosion Resistance of 310S Stainless Steel with Aluminum

Effect of Mg modification on the catalytic performance of zinc malachite for methanol synthesis

The complex conditions of methanol production from coke-oven gas have brought challenges to the copper-based methanol synthesis catalyst. In this work, a series of zinc-malachite samples with different Mg contents were prepared. The zinc-malachite and calcined samples were characterized by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), N2 physical adsorption, H2 programmed temperature reduction (H2-TPR), CO2 programmed temperature desorption (CO2-TPD) and other methods. The effects of Mg addition on the structure of zinc-malachite and its catalytic performance of methanol synthesis were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Mg increased the degree of Cu substitution inside the zinc-malachite structure and promoted the formation of high temperature carbonates in the catalyst after roasting. With the increase of Mg content, the specific surface area of the calcined catalyst increased gradually, and the Cu grain size decreased simultaneously. In-situ XRD results showed that a small amount of Mg could effectively inhibit the growth of copper grain size during the heat treatment. The evaluation showed that the initial activity of the catalyst increased first and then decreased with Mg addition, and the activity of the Mg-doped catalyst remained at a relatively high level after heat treatment. The appropriate Mg addition is beneficial to the initial activity and thermal stability of Cu-based methanol synthesis catalyst.

Transitioning of deformation mode in bicrystalline Al-Mg alloy with Σ3 [1 1 1] 60° {11 8 5} faceted grain boundary

In this letter, the authors have elucidated the effect of alloying biocompatible and lighter magnesium (Mg) solute atoms in a bicrystalline aluminium (Al) solvent incorporated with a faceted coherent-incoherent grain boundary (GB) to analyze the tensile deformation mechanisms. Cryogenic temperature and high strain rate conditions were imposed through molecular dynamics simulations to report the detrimental effect of Mg addition on the tensile strength of Al-Mg alloys. Evidence of transitioning in deformation modes for pure Al and Al-Mg alloys was seen. On elaborating, for pure Al, GBs acted as the dislocation nucleation site; whereas for Al-Mg alloy, it was both the GBs and grains. It was observed that stacking faults (SFs) originated from GBs and propagated toward grains in Al. In contrast, in Al-Mg alloys, SFs were generated simultaneously from both GBs and grains. This simultaneous nucleation of dislocations and SFs from both GBs and grains renders bicrystalline alloys lower the elastic limit than pure metal. Conversely, beyond this elastic limit, the alloys exhibit higher flow stress than the pure metal due to the Mg-dislocation interactions. These findings offer valuable insights for tailoring the mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys to meet aerospace, automotive and marine engineering-related application requirements.

A Non-destructive Evaluation of Microstructural Analysis in Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joint by Synchrotron X-Ray Radiation Tomography

This paper demonstrates a non-destructive technique to evaluate the internal microstructure in the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder joint through synchrotron X-ray radiation tomography. Synchrotron X-ray tomography is increasingly utilized for characterizing the internal microstructure of materials in 3D images. A 3D model is reconstructed from a set of 2D projection images taken from different angles and angular position during the sample rotation, thus it could provide a more comprehensive description of the microstructure of an alloy compared to 2D images. In this paper, it is successfully observed and evaluated the internal microstructure of a 900 μm solder joint sample. The key principles and methods of synchrotron X-ray tomography are briefly described. Examples of quantitative and qualitative assessments on the grain refinement effect of Mg addition to SAC35 solder joint are also presented in this paper.

Synergistic effect of Mg addition on the enhancement of the mechanical properties and evaluation of corrosion behaviors in 3.5 wt % NaCl of aluminum alloys

Aluminum alloys are highly preferred for their superior properties, including high corrosion resistance and lightweight in the automotive industry. To better understand how magnesium addition affects aluminum's corrosion and strengthening properties, three different percentages of magnesium-added aluminum alloys, as well as pure aluminum, were melted at a temperature of 800 ± 10 °C in a furnace and cast using the sand molding process. Subsequently, weight loss was used to conduct corrosion testing along with mechanical tests such as tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact tests. In-depth research revealed that the addition of magnesium at 3 wt %, 5 wt %, and 7 wt % strengthened the aluminum alloy. The addition of magnesium resulted in the formation of Al3Mg2, which restricted the movement of dislocation, induced grain refinement, and increased the strength of the alloy. However, it was observed that the addition of magnesium caused a decrease in the alloy's toughness and ductility, resulting in decreased impact energy and % elongation by 29.19 % and 34.87 % respectively by the addition of 5 wt% Mg compared to pure aluminum. Nevertheless, the optical microstructure and SEM image revealed refined grains and the formation of Al3Mg2, providing valuable insight into magnesium's strengthening behavior in aluminum. The study found that adding 7 wt % Mg to the aluminum alloy did not significantly improve its strength and hardness compared to adding 5 wt % Mg. This was because the 7 wt % Mg addition caused the grain size to increase, making it less effective at resisting dislocation movements. The grain coarsening of the 7 wt % Mg added alloy was also revealed in the optical microscope and the SEM images. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Al and Mg within the globular-shaped intermetallic particles, indicating the formation of the Al3Mg2 intermetallic phases. However, the highly reactive nature of magnesium results in a higher corrosion rate in terms of weight loss and corrosion current density, which causes the formation of pits and metal dissolution, leading to significant metal loss beneath the original surface when immersed in 3.5 wt % NaCl medium for a period of fifteen and thirty days. Localized corrosion was indicated by the SEM images, which showed concave and convex structures formed by the corrosion products on the alloys. The breakdown of the Al2O3 protective layer, which is the cause of the pits and cracks in the corrosion products, may be brought on by internal stress or the dehydration of hydroxides, which is known as Mg-induced stress corrosion cracking. However, more pits and cracks are found in the SEM image for the 7 wt % Mg addition as it was corroded more compared to the other alloys. The map analysis of the corroded alloy confirmed the corrosion behaviors of the Mg-added alloy by the presence of oxygen all over the surface. Because of the alloy's Al3Mg2 intermetallic compound's refinement and lower corrosion rate, 5 wt % of Mg was found to be the optimal amount for the addition of aluminum to increase strength and hardness without compromising the alloy's toughness and ductility.

Preparation and properties of biodegradable biomedical metal zinc alloy

Abstract In this study, the effects of Mg addition on the organization refinement and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by designing Zn-Mg binary alloys with different compositions. Solution treatment and cold drawing successfully prepared fine wire materials with smooth surface and uniform organization. The material’s mechanical properties were further improved by treating the fine wires with an optimized annealing process. Electrochemical tests and in vitro degradation experiments showed that the degradation properties of the alloy in simulated body fluids were closely related to the alloy composition and microstructure. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the prepared Zn-Mg alloys were significantly cytotoxic to tumor cells. The corrosion weight loss analysis revealed the corrosion behavior of the alloy and its trend with time. Overall, this study provides critical experimental data and theoretical basis for preparing biodegradable biomedical metal-zinc alloys with excellent performance, and lays a solid foundation for future clinical applications.

Effect of Mg Addition on the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum

Effect of Mg Addition on the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum

Modeling the effect of Mg addition on microstructure and strength of aluminum during severe plastic deformation

Although Al–Mg alloys have various desirable properties, to broaden the applications, it is needed to increase the strength of these alloys. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a candidate method for this purpose. In this paper, a model is presented for the strength and microstructure evolution during severe plastic deformation. The model is applied to 5 Al–Mg alloys with different solute contents of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt% Mg. The model is also employed for pure Al for the sake of comparison. The model evaluates the effectiveness of Mg addition, quantitatively. It is shown that the combining of solute addition and severe plastic deformation can provide a considerable increase in the strength of Al–Mg alloys. Moreover, it is shown that adding Mg solute to pure Al changes the value of the dislocation density more than the values of the cell size and strength. The model also considers two effects for the presence of Mg solute as implicit and explicit effects. Then, the quantitative evaluation is performed. It indicates that the ratio of the effects is dependent on solute content, and the implicit one plays a more significant role.

Effect of Mg Addition on Inclusions in the Welding Heat-Affected Zone of Pressure Vessel Steels

With the development of the pressure vessel industry, high-energy wire welding has a great future. However, this means higher demands on the weldability of pressure vessel steels. Controlling inclusions via oxidative metallurgy is a reliable method of improving the weldability of pressure vessel steels. Hence, in this paper, experimental steels with different Mg element mass fractions were prepared using vacuum metallurgy. Simulated welding for high-heat input welding was carried out using the Gleeble-2000 welding thermal simulation test machine. The inclusions in the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the experimental steels were observed using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The compositions of the inclusions were analyzed using an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The research results indicated that the addition of Mg could increase the number density of the inclusions in the welding HAZ. With the addition of Mg from 0 to 5 wt.%, the total number density of the inclusions increased from 133 to 687 pieces/mm2, and the number density of the inclusions with a size of 0–5 μm2 increased from 122 to 579 pieces/mm2. The inclusions in the experimental steel welding HAZ with Mg elements were mainly elliptical composite inclusions composed of (Mg-Zr-O) + MnS. Moreover, MnS precipitated on the surface of the Mg-containing inclusions in the welding HAZ. Intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) nucleation was primarily induced via the minimum lattice mismatch mechanism, supplemented with stress-strain energy and inert interface energy mechanisms.

Effect of Mg Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li-Ce Alloys

Effect of Mg Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li-Ce Alloys

Effects of the Mg Content on Microstructural and Corrosion Characteristics of Hot-Dip Al-Si-Mg Alloy-Coated Steel Sheets.

Hot-dip Al-Si alloy coatings with excellent resistance to corrosion and high-temperature oxidation have emerged as promising lightweight substitutes for conventional corrosion-resistant coatings. The introduction of Mg can be an effective strategy for enhancing the sacrificial protection capability of Al-Si coatings. In this study, the effects of Mg addition on the morphology, electrochemical behavior, and mechanical properties of Al-Si coatings were investigated, along with the Mg-content optimization of the coating layer. Adding Mg promoted the formation of finely distributed eutectic intermetallic phases, such as Al/Mg2Si and the primary Mg2Si phase. Notably, the Mg2Si phase coarsened significantly when ≥15 wt.% of Mg was added. In addition, an Al3Mg2 intermetallic compound was observed in coating layers containing >20 wt.% of Mg, reducing the adhesion of the coating layers. Samples containing 5-10 wt.% of Mg exhibited excellent corrosion resistance (owing to a uniform distribution of the fine eutectic Al/Mg2Si phase and the formation of stable corrosion products), whereas those containing 20 wt.% of Mg exhibited unremarkable corrosion resistance (owing to the formation of an Al3Mg2 phase that is susceptible to intergranular corrosion).

Effect of Mg on elevated-temperature low cycle fatigue and thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviors of Al-Cu cast alloys

The effects of Mg addition on the cyclic deformation and fatigue life behaviors of Al-Cu 224 cast alloys were investigated under isothermal low cycle fatigue (LCF) at 300 °C and out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue (OP-TMF) in the temperature range 60–300 °C. The results show that all tested alloys experienced cyclic softening during both LCF and OP-TMF, whereas the softening ratio of Mg-containing alloys was lower than that of the base alloy free of Mg because of the lower coarsening rate of θ'-Al2Cu precipitates. Under both LCF and TMF, near-surface porosity and brittle intermetallic particles were considered sources of crack initiation. TMF lives were inferior to LCF lives under the same strain amplitude because of the combined damage effect of the cyclic mechanical and thermal loadings. Under LCF, the addition of Mg enhanced the fatigue performance because of the co-existing θʹ and θʺ precipitates and the higher thermal resistance of θʹ; under TMF, it led to a slight reduction in fatigue performance. The hysteresis energy model was successfully applied to predict the LCF and TMF lifetimes. The predicted results agree well with the experimentally measured LCF and TMF lifetimes.

Effect of Mg Addition on Microstructure and Sacrificial Anode Protection Performance of Hot Dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg Coating

The effect of Mg addition on the microstructure and sacrificial anode protection performance of a hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), an X-ray diffractometer, and an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that Al-Zn-Si alloy was composed of an Al-rich phase and a Zn-rich phase. The MgZn2 phase appears after Mg addition. When the addition of Mg increased to 0.15 wt.%, the Mg2Si phase began to appear in the alloy. The hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating consisted of Si particles, an Al-rich phase and a Zn-rich phase. When the Mg content increased to 0.15 wt.%, the Mg2Si phase and Al + Zn + MgZn2 eutectoid phase began to appear in the coating. In the full immersion corrosion test of the hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-xMg coating, the order of corrosion resistance was 0.15% Mg coating > 0.2% Mg coating > 0.05% Mg coating > 0 Mg coating. In the corrosion process of the hot-dip Al-5Zn-4Si-0.15Mg coating, with the increase in immersion, the self-corrosion current of the coating decreased, and the sacrificial protection performance was the best.

Effect of Mg on Inclusion and High Cycle Fatigue Behavior in Titanium Microalloyed Beam Steel

In this paper, the fatigue behavior of titanium microalloyed beam steels were studied by high cycle fatigue test and fatigue crack growth rate test. The effect of Mg addition on the fatigue behavior in titanium microalloyed beam steel was systematically analyzed. According to the experimental results, the addition of magnesium can effectively modify the inclusions by reducing the size of Al2O3 and TiN and promoting the formation of finer complex inclusions with a MgO·Al2O3 core in titanium microalloyed high-strength beam steel. The number of inclusions in the experimental steels had far less of an impact on the fatigue characteristic than inclusion size. With the heterogeneous nucleation effect of MgO·Al2O3, the inclusions are refined after the Mg addition. The tensile strength of Beam-2 steel decreased by approximately 54 MPa, while its fatigue strength increased by about 33 MPa, showing favorable fatigue resistance. These findings are essential for optimize the fatigue properties of titanium microalloy steel and promoting the development of automobile beam steel with excellent fatigue properties.

Effect of Mg Addition and PMMA Coating on the Biodegradation Behaviour of Extruded Zn Material.

Although zinc (Zn) is one of the elements with the greatest potential for biodegradable uses, pure Zn does not have the ideal mechanical or degrading properties for orthopaedic applications. The current research aims at studying the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of pure Zn (used as a reference material) and Zn alloyed with 1.89 wt.% magnesium (Mg), both in their extruded states as well as after being coated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The grafting-from approach was used to create a PMMA covering. The "grafting-from" method entails three steps: the alkali activation of the alloys, their functionalization with an initiator of polymerization through a phosphonate-attaching group, and the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) to grow PMMA chains. Electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests were carried out in a simulated body fluid (SBF), and both confirmed the enhanced corrosion behaviour obtained after coating. The electrochemical test revealed a decrease in the degradation rate of the alloy from 0.37 ± 0.14 mm/y to 0.22 ± 0.01 mm/y. The immersion test showed the ability of complete protection for 240 h. After 720 h of immersion, the coated alloy displays minute crevice corrosion with very trivial pitting compared to the severe localized (galvanic and pitting) corrosion type that was detected in the bare alloy.

Effect of Mg Addition on Morphology, Roughness and Adhesion of Cr Chromized Layer Produced by Pack Cementation

Effect of Mg Addition on Morphology, Roughness and Adhesion of Cr Chromized Layer Produced by Pack Cementation

Effect of Mg addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy produced by high-pressure casting method

PurposePaper aims to an alloy development study was carried out to increase the mechanical properties of cylinder heads.Design/methodology/approachAlSi12 alloys are used to manufacture the compressor head cylinder by high-pressure casting for easy casting and superior properties. Therefore, 1.1%, 2.4% and 3.1% Mg were added to AlSi12. The microstructures of the produced samples were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction methods. Hardness and tensile tests as well as Charpy impact tests were performed. Wear tests were also carried out on the pin-on disc tester, and then the wear performance was examined on the tester, which simulates the actual operating condition.FindingsAlSi12 has primary Si and eutectic Si in the Al matrix. However, alloys of Mg with AlSi12 have other intermetallics such as Mg2Si and ß-Fe, as well as primary Si and eutectic Si. Hardness and tensile strength as well as improved wear performance with increased Mg content.Originality/valueIn this study, wear performance test to simulate the operation of the cylinder head produced by high pressure casting from AlSi12 alloy moreover tensile test, hardness test and impact test were performed. Therefore, in this study, the wear performance of the compressor head produced by high-pressure casting method by adding three different amounts of Mg to AlSi12 alloy was investigated.

Assessment of the Effect of Mg Addition on the Solidification Behavior, Tensile and Impact Properties of Al–Si–Cu Cast Alloys

Assessment of the Effect of Mg Addition on the Solidification Behavior, Tensile and Impact Properties of Al–Si–Cu Cast Alloys

Effect of Mg addition on TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel

Effect of Mg addition on TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel