Effects Of Institutional Characteristics Research Articles

The effect of institutional characteristics and social norms on corruption in healthcare

AbstractCorruption in healthcare is widespread and consequential. Informal payments (IPs) are a common form of petty corruption, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Using data from the Life in Transition Survey encompassing 33 countries across Europe and Central Asia, I analyze the prevalence and reasons behind IPs made to public health providers. In addition to individual‐ and system‐level factors often used in literature, I also introduce a latent measure of social norms related to high levels of corruption. These are associated with a significantly higher prevalence of paying informally. This paper also bridges a gap between the corruption literature and health‐related research by introducing a typology of IPs based on why they were made. I find that the association between health system characteristics and IPs prevalence differs based on the reason for payment. This difference is further exacerbated by the existence of corruption‐related social norms. The results of this analysis highlight the need to revisit existing anti‐corruption policies and align them to the underlying social norms.

Postcrisis recovery in the regions of Europe: Does institutional quality matter?

AbstractThis paper investigates how institutional quality and its components (quality, impartiality, and control of corruption) are associated with the economic recovery in the aftermath of the global recession (2010–2016). The evidence suggests that the postcrisis dynamism of a region depends on whether its economy is accompanied by a good governance at the local level. The results also show the heterogeneity in the effects of institutional characteristics and other traditional determinants of growth for the high‐income club (core) and the low‐income club (periphery), respectively. This evidence can provide indications to define ad hoc policies apt to mitigate the recent surge in inequality among EU regions.

EXTERNAL SOURCES OF FUND OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFI) IN BANGLADESH: DO INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS MATTER?

The external sources of fund for the micro-finance institutions (MFIs) include various loans and donor’s fund. The loan financing consists of loan from the government, the loan from other micro credit financial institutions, the loan from the commercial bank and the loan from Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation (PKSF). There is the impact of capital resources on the profitability performance. Therefore, it is important for a firm to know about the significant influences of institutional characteristics on external sources of fund. Hence, this study investigates the driven factors of the sources of funds of microfinance institutions, the effect of institutional characteristics on sources of fund especially on external sources. The study is conducted by examining longitudinal data of 169 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from Bangladesh covering a period of six years from 2009 to 2014. This study employs relevant data from the Mix market and Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA) annual reports. Results show that a reliance on external sources of the fund (ESF) has a significant correlation with interest rate cap, inflation rate, ROA, number of branches (Size) and age of the MFIs. Donations have a significant correlation with the regularity variable and size of the MFIs. Additionally, apart from location, the rest of the institutional variables significantly influence the external sources of funds (ESF).

제도적 특성이 집단행동 딜레마에 미치는 영향 : 성과급적 연봉제를 반영한 실험 설계

제도적 특성이 집단행동 딜레마에 미치는 영향 : 성과급적 연봉제를 반영한 실험 설계

Institutional quality effect on remittances in MENA region

International workers’ remittances have increased over the years to become a main source of income for developing countries. Workers’ remittances have surpassed foreign direct investment and foreign aid. They proved to be particularly resilient during the latest global crisis, unlike other capital flows that fell sharply or even turned negative especially for Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Given the magnitude, and the stability of remittances, this article aims to test the effects of institutional characteristics via the composite risk index on remittances inflows in the MENA region via the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) for a sample of 15 MENA countries over the period 1984–2011. We highlight a negative relationship between remittances and the composite risk index implying an increase of remittances when risk increases for the specific case of MENA countries. This result indicates an altruistic motivation of the MENA migrant’s decision to remit. Altruism means that the utility of the migrant depends on the income of his family in the country of origin.

Christian Colleges and Universities as Moral Communities: The Effects of Institutional Characteristics on Student Religiosity

Research suggests that some Christian colleges function as moral communities that can help sustain religious belief and practice (Hill in J Sci Study Relig 48:515–534, 2009 ). In this paper, we explore several mechanisms by which this phenomenon may occur. Using a survey of college students from 31 institutions belonging to the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, we examine how institutional characteristics influence changes in religiosity throughout college, finding that religious homogeneity and the availability of spiritual mentors consistently have significant effects on changes in religious belief and practice. The results are discussed in light of the existing literature on religious homogeneity and pluralism, as well as their implications for administrators at Christian colleges and universities.

유아교사의 개인특성과 유아교육기관 특성이 유아교육기관의 질에 미치는 영향: 유아교실의 질을 향상시키기 위한 조건

본 연구에서는 유아교육과 보육의 질을 그동안 유아교사의 학력과 자격에 중점을 두어왔던 전통적인 패러다임을 비판적으로 분석하고, 유아교육과 보육의 질을 향상시키기 위한 조건들을 탐색하고자 하였다. 교사의 학력과 경력, 기관유형과 학급규모, 교육과정 편성유형을 독립변수로 하고, 유아교실의 질에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 유아교실의 질은 유아교육기관 운영의 질, 유아교육과정의 질, 상호작용의 질로 구성하였다. 연구방법으로는 설문조사를 통한 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 유아교실의 질에는 유아교사의 개인특성변수인 경력이나 학력보다는 기관유형이나 학급규모와 같은 기관특성변수의 영향력이 보다 중요한 것으로 보고되었다. 또한 사립보다 국공립으로 갈수록 유아교육기관의 질이 높았다. 유아교실의 질을 구성하는 유아교육기관 운영의 질, 유아교육과정의 질, 상호작용의 질의 변수에서 공통적으로 기관유형변수의 설명력이 보다 높은 것으로 일관되게 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과에 근거하여 정책적 시사점과 추후 연구방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of teachers'personal background (academic, education career) and institutional characteristic factors(founded facility type, class size, and curriculum organization type) on the quality of the classroom in early childhood education and care(ECEC) fields. This study is to explore the conditions for improving the quality of ECEC, looking back on a traditional paradigm focused on teacher education and qualifications. The hierarchical regression analysis was conducted through a survey as a research method. The results indicated that the effects of institutional characteristics were more influential than teachers' education on classroom quality. Public kindergartens and child care centers were reported to have higher effects than the private ones on classroom quality. Based on these results, policy implications and future research plans were suggested in perspective of improving the publicness of ECEC services.

Graduation Odds and Probabilities among Baccalaureate Colleges and Universities

Graduation outcomes are analyzed at public and private baccalaureate colleges and universities in the United States. The purpose is to determine the effect of institutional characteristics on a binary indicator of college graduation. The effect of the percentage of Pell grant recipients on graduation outcomes is of primary interest, controlling for other covariates. Institutional characteristics have a major effect on college graduation outcomes. Key institutional variables that appear to have the largest effect on graduation outcomes include percent Pell recipients, private college status, and institutional average SAT scores. College size and expenditures per FTE student have a direct but more moderate relationship to graduation outcomes. Implications for baccalaureate education are discussed.

The effect of institutional characteristics on participation of women in computer science bachelors degree programs

The poster presents institutional characteristics that can statistically predict the proportion of female computer science bachelors' degrees conferred at institutions. School or college (e.g., engineering) has little predictive power in this model.